Sacra pronunciation

The pronunciation of sacrum: dǐ gǔ.

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae. It is divided into the base, side, sacral tip, pelvic surface and dorsal surface. It is in the shape of an inverted triangle and forms the posterior and upper wall of the pelvic cavity. Its lower end is the sacral tip. It is articulated with the coccyx, and the broad base at the upper end combines with the fifth lumbar vertebra to form the lumbosacral angle. The sacropelvic surface is concave and the dorsal surface is kyphotic to increase the pelvic capacity.

The sacrum has obvious gender differences. Men are long and narrow, and women are short and wide to adapt to the needs of women during childbirth. The front edge of the sacrum base protrudes and is called the sacral promontory. The oval bone surface above the sacrum base is the upper surface of the first sacral vertebral body and forms the lumbosacral joint with the lower surface of the fifth lumbar vertebral body.

Related diseases and treatments:

Anterior approach: For the high sacrum and the soft tissue mass is huge, and the tumor cannot be completely removed by the posterior approach alone, the anterior approach should be used to free the tumor first, and then Posterior surgery was performed. During anterior surgery, a supine position is used, an inverted figure-of-eight incision is made in the lower abdomen, and the tumor is freed outside the peritoneum. While freeing the tumor, the internal iliac artery can also be ligated to reduce bleeding during posterior surgery.

Posterior approach: The basic incision is a posterior median straight incision or an inverted Y-shaped incision. The bilateral gluteal muscles and erector spinae muscles are retracted to both sides, the tip of the coccyx is touched, and the surrounding soft tissue is peeled off. , then cut off the sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament and piriformis muscle in sequence from bottom to top, separate the presacral fascia with your fingers, pay attention to protect the rectum at this time, and use wet gauze to stuff the soft tissue gap in front of the rectum and sacrum, and push the rectum Towards the front.