How much do you know about the place names in Guizhou?

Place names are an important part of history and culture. Place names can often witness the history and culture of a region, including products, nationalities, landforms, historical evolution and so on. It can be said that place names are living fossils for studying regional history and culture. Guizhou place names have both generality and particularity. Guizhou is a member of the global family, and it has been initially integrated into the Han cultural circle in China. At least in the Zhou Dynasty of China, all ethnic groups in Guizhou belonged to the Sino-Tibetan language family, so there are many cultural commonalities, so the naming of its place names also follows the general principles of place names. Guizhou is also a special place, where the Yelang culture created by the ancient indigenous Yelang people continues to this day, and the descendants of Yelang people, the Gelao people, still thrive in this land. Miao people, descendants of the three ancient Miao people, are also widely distributed in this land, and together with other ethnic groups, they have created the history of Guizhou. There have been many great ethnic migrations in Guizhou's history, among which the most influential are the three great migrations in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Hongwu of Ming Dynasty and the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, shortly after the envoys brought back the joke of "Yelang's arrogance" from Yelang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to pacify the small southwest country. Yelang is one of them. In order to consolidate the fruits of victory, he established southwest counties, including Yelang County, and appointed local officials to manage the counties for a long time. The Han army was stationed in the southwest counties for a long time. As a result, the first great migration in the history of Guizhou was formed, and the oldest surnames of Wu and Chen in Guizhou entered Guizhou at that time. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to pacify the southwest in order to stabilize it. In order to stabilize the morale of the army, he also used compulsory means to transfer a large number of personnel from the mainland, mainly military families, various artists and businessmen, and moved to Guizhou to live with the local garrison. According to the number of people and the division of labor, they were named Tun, Bao and Ying respectively. Usually, businessmen are businessmen and artists are artists. When there is a war, everyone is a soldier. This is the "military camp". This great migration formed the "general" culture in Guizhou. The entry of soldiers into the customs in the early stage is called the "South-to-North Transfer Project", and the non-soldier immigration in the later stage is often said. It was this great migration that basically laid the foundation for the ethnic composition and cultural features of Guizhou. The third great migration is a large number of "southward cadres" and their families who have been living in social work posts for military and civilian reasons after the founding of the People's Republic of China, as well as a large number of workers and their descendants who entered Guizhou with the machine shop. Their arrival brought advanced customs and culture, and brought fresh blood to Guizhou local culture again. Guizhou has karst landforms represented by Zhijin Cave, Huangguoshu Waterfall and Fan Jing. It takes 32,000 years to form a centimeter-thick soil. Guizhou's ancient local culture, the (fractured) Central Plains culture in different periods, and the unique scenery and landforms brought by previous ethnic migration make Guizhou's place names unique and colorful. It can be said that if we want to study the history of Guizhou, rather than the place names of Guizhou, then the research is definitely not perfect. Let me briefly talk about the general situation of place names in Guizhou. Although it is not perfect, there will inevitably be mistakes, but I hope it can play a role in attracting jade. The first one is related to ancient peoples. In world history, nations or surnames are often named after place names or country names, or nations or surnames. For example, Wu's surname comes from Ji's surname, which is named after Ji Shui. Another example is Wujiang, Jiangsu, named after Wu. Puding, Guizhou Province belongs to the ancient Yelang area, and the related place names are Yeshan and Langdai (Mountain). Some archaeologists think that they got the place name because of the country name, and some think that they got the country name because of the place name. The two must be one of them. The nation that established the ancient Yelang Kingdom is the Bu nationality, but in Puding, Guizhou, there are Budui, Bulang, Buguochong, Pushe and Puding, which are close to Buyin and adjacent to the existing Pu 'an. Zhang Yingzhi, an archaeologist of the older generation in Guizhou, believes that many place names in Guizhou that begin with the sound of "Meng" are also related to Gu Yelang. "Meng" is the tone sandhi of "Mo" and "Mo" is the tone sandhi of "Pu". There are many places with similar sounds in Guizhou. For example, Huishui has "seventy-two changes". It is said that there are 72 place names beginning with "Mo", while Puding has Meng Jia, Mengzhou and Mengzuo. Gu Yelang's "Bu" family was named "Pu" by the minister of history, and his descendants were "Liao". In Puding, there are names similar to "Liao", such as Nayong Zhi, Nayougu, Nahei and Narui. The descendants of Liao people are the present Gelao people. The border area between Puding and Zhijin and Pingba is known as "nine districts and eighteen places". There are eighteen rudders in the place names beginning with ",and there are still some places that have survived to this day, such as rudder rudder rudder 3333333333; The phonetic place names similar to "Yin" include Gawo and Gongda. Another example is that most of the place names beginning with "Dragon" are villages where Buyi people live in compact communities-Longga, Longjiao and so on. Second, it is related to war. There are many nationalities in Guizhou. In ancient times, wars often occurred between nations because of conflicts of interest, but decisive wars were all with the Central Plains imperial court and all ended in failure. This aspect mainly occurred in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Some people won after a bitter war, while others were "peacefully liberated" because of the great army of Enemy at the Gates. Anyway, the winner is a "teacher of benevolence and righteousness", so there are Qingzhen, Zhenning, Anshun, Xingyi and Dingnan. Every place name looks beautiful on the surface, but it contains a bloody word, which can almost explain the general situation of the Ming court's surrender to the place. Third, the legacy of Tunjun culture in the Hongwu period of Daming. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, as the Central Plains War was coming to an end, the court took out military force to pacify the "barbarians in the southwest", so it was "transferred from the south to the north" and the war soon ended. However, according to historical experience, once the political situation in the Central Plains is unstable, all interest groups in the southwest will split into one party, each claiming the title of king and not paying tribute to the Central Plains court. How to jump out of the strange circle of history has become a problem that the authorities must solve. Finally, the imperial court drew lessons from the "military camps" that were effective in history, such as Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty, which dealt with the people of the Northern Jin Dynasty. So the families of the generals, as well as various craftsmen and their families drawn in proportion, were transferred to the garrison places in Guizhou in batches for barracks. Soldiers, craftsmen and their families are all organized by the army. I usually do my own business, and with the war, I can say that I am at a loss. Military deterrence and the softening power of advanced culture have made Guizhou's culture have a great legal exhibition and greatly improved its productivity. Facts have proved that the "military camp" strategy is very successful. According to the scale, level or nature of the garrison, it is divided into flags, tuns, forts, plates, camps, shops and sentries, leaving the names of "nine tuns and eighteen forts", such as Datun, Xiaotun, Yuguantun, Zhangguantun, Laotanbao, Zhangshaobao, Yuguanbao, and other names. Fourth, place names are related to local main features or markers. Such as the Trident River in Puding, Shuang Shan, fish ponds, ancient buildings in Dashuijing Ancient Buildings, ash kilns, thatched cottages, Hebao Mountain, Duantou Mountain and Pianpo. The fifth is the combination of landforms and surnames, such as Wujiashanjiao, Zhangjiapingzhai, Xiajiagaopo and Meijiayuanba in Puding. Looking at a place name, we can not only know its geographical environment, but also know the main families living there, which often plays a role in exploring the cultural background. However, sometimes the surnames given before the place names do not match the residents, which is often caused by the rise and fall of the family. Therefore, place names can sometimes provide evidence for studying the history of the rise and fall of some families. Sixth, place names are named after local specialties. Such as Huangguoshu, Masangzhai, Dayouzhai, Livestock Farm, as well as Dayao, Xiaoyao and Wagangzhai, all of which are named after rich earthenware products. Seventh, place names are named after myths or legends. Puding Xianma, because it is said that there used to be Xianma here, left Xianma Cave, Xianma Well and other place names. In Pudinghua, according to legend, a Taoist priest once sat here and became an immortal, taking the meaning of "Monks sit here and become immortals", and named it "the land of transformation". The eighth kind, Jiazi place name, is also called Zodiac place name. In ancient China, Jiazi was used to record the years, during which a small geographical circulation place was formed, so it was named after the zodiac or Jiazi. Because Jiazi matches the zodiac with a 12-day cycle, Jiazi field is left, which is also called the zodiac field. It is called rat farm, cattle farm and horse farm in turn. . . . . . . , everywhere. Ninth, named after historical celebrities. For example, Guanling is also called Guansuoling. According to legend, Guan Suo, the son of Guan Yu, a famous Shu state, was stationed here during the Three Kingdoms period. In order to commemorate Guansuo, later generations named it Guansuoling and simplified it as Guanling. Ruofei Avenue in Anshun City was named in memory of Wang Ruofei, the historical hero of the Party. Another example is Wang and Wang Wuzhai. Tenth, named after faith or worship. In the history of China, all ethnic groups and tribes have their own worship. Dogs, horses, wolves, mice, etc. Used to be an admirer In primitive society, Yu and Huangdi were related by marriage. This tribe worships an animal named Yu, who is said to be the king of beasts. It named its own tribe Yu, and the people of this tribe are called You Yu. Then left a lot of ancient place names in the Central Plains beginning with "Yu". Such as Yuxian, Yucheng and Yuzhou. Plants and natural objects are also worshipped. As the foundation of life, water has been the foundation of building villages since ancient times. Without water, you can't build a village. Without water, you can't build a village. The metropolises and ancient civilizations that disappeared in history are also related to the depletion of water. It is not surprising that water has become the worship of some ethnic groups or tribes. There are jellyfish, old jellyfish, new jellyfish, beautiful water waves in Puding, Guizhou, and neighboring county Shuicheng. Eleventh, named after the founding of the Republic of China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), due to the establishment of factories, garrison, industrial and agricultural development and other reasons. Some place names are naturally branded with history. Such as Hongqi Village, Hongqi New Village, Renmin Village, Jiefang Village, XX Farm, XX Power Plant, XX Park and so on. The twelfth is purely related to surnames. People in China have a tradition of living together, and often form a unique village with one family name and one owner first, such as Chenjiazhai, Dongjiazhuang and Huajiayuan in Puding, Guizhou. Thirteenth, directional naming. According to the philosophy of Yin and Yang, Chinese geomantic experts believe that the north of the water in Shan Zhinan is Yang and the north of the mountain is Yin. Guiyang means "the sun on your mountain". The Shuangyang in Anshun is just between Shannan and Shuibei, so it is Shuangyang. But because the mountains are small and the water is small, you can't see the taste of "Shuangyang". Fourteenth, the original name of America. The Chinese nation is a nation that loves beauty. Even if it lives in a barren land, it will never forget to appreciate and create beauty. Place names are often endowed with beautiful connotations and beautiful words. Like the Po River-the waves are like the Emerald River. Weaving gold-mountains and valleys interweave into gold. Polly.-Water waves are beautiful. Fifthly, naming cultural characteristics. China is a country of etiquette, and sages in all previous dynasties advocated "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith", so there are Zunyi, Xingyi, Tongren and Xingren. Benevolence is the standard of moral behavior, which may also imply the taste of "the teacher of benevolence and righteousness". There may be other naming methods, but the above naming method is the most basic. Some place names with less obvious semantics, such as Chuanjia and Yanlang, are often left for a certain ethnic group in history, and their meanings are difficult to understand, but they basically follow the above naming principles. Place names can reflect their essential attributes in the natural or cultural environment, and the evolution of place names also reflects the changes of their essential attributes. For example, the evolution of some place names in Puding. 1, Baiqi (Tunpu)-Hongqi (New China flag) 2, Muzhudong (Legend)-Maguan underground reservoir (Artificial reservoir) 3, Taipingbao (Tunpu)-Anshun Power Plant (Modern Power Plant) 4, Puding (Guyuelang)-Daming Dingnan. The place names in Guizhou also follow these principles and have their own characteristics.

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