The specific historical development of Ganzhou Hakka culture and its manifestations in each dynasty?
The Hakka culture in Ganzhou, Jiangxi has a profound heritage and a long history. There are more than a thousand enclosed houses distributed in Zhanggong District, Longnan, Anyuan, Xinfeng and other counties. Their large number, complete functions, unique architecture and wide range of types are rare; such as the preservation of more than 3,600 meters of Song Dynasty city walls and Ganzhou City is known as the "Song City Museum" due to the numerous historical relics of the Song Dynasty; well-preserved and numerous surname genealogies and genealogies in the vast urban and rural areas, which provide a basis for the study of Hakka; such as the Nine Lions Worshiping Elephants, Xingguo Folk Songs, etc. There are more than a hundred kinds of folk art; such as the Gannan Hakka tea-picking opera, which is loved by Hakkas at home and abroad; there are also unique food culture, clothing culture, etc. Ganzhou Feng Shui culture has a wide influence at home and abroad. Since ancient times, Ganzhou Feng Shui has been ranked first among the three magic arts praised in the intersection of Jiangnan.
Shangyou, Jiangxi Province, is one of the important birthplaces of the Hakka people’s settlement and multiplication and the Hakka culture. However, due to various reasons, some traditional Hakka cultural projects are on the verge of being lost. To this end, Shangyou County has mobilized organizations at all levels and social forces to save Hakka cultural heritage and explore Hakka cultural resources. "Nine Lions Worshiping Elephants" is a large-scale lantern that is unique to Shangyou. Shangyou County invested heavily in organizing folk artists to redevelop and save this Hakka cultural heritage.
In the mountains and rivers of Meijiao Town, Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, there is a magical and beautiful village - Sanliao. It is known as "the birthplace of Kanyu culture" and "the first village of Chinese Feng Shui culture". In recent years, groups of tourists from inside and outside the province, as well as overseas Hakkas, and even some news media have come here in droves, looking for traces of their ancestors and the mysteries of the mountains and rivers.
In this large village with a population of more than 4,000, most of them have the surnames Zeng and Liao. Sanliao, located in a remote area, became famous because of Feng Shui master Yang Junsong. Yang Junsong was known as the Immortal of Poverty Alleviation for his efforts to save the world and the poor. He was in charge of the geography of Lingtai in the imperial court and was worshiped as Doctor Jin Ziguanglu. In the sixth year of Qianfu in the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao rebelled and went straight to Chang'an, shocking both the government and the public. Yang Junsong escaped from the capital with the secrets of palace feng shui and moved south to settle in Sanliao. Yang Junsong, who is good at Kanyu and astronomy and geography, discovered that the terrain structure of Sanliao Village actually resembles a Kanyu compass, and the azimuth shape on a stone mountain in the basin is also shaped like a compass pointer. Therefore, Yang Junsong, who was wandering, took his two disciples Zeng Wen and Liao Wangyu and built three huts here to settle down. Sanliao also got his name. From then on, Yang Junsong taught and wrote books here, creating and spreading his Kanyu theory. Under his advocacy, Chinese folk Feng Shui culture has been spread for thousands of years and is popular at home and abroad.
The descendants of the two surnames Zeng and Liao also practice Feng Shui and pass it down from generation to generation. In the Ming Dynasty, descendants of Zeng Wen were engaged in politics. Liao Junqing, a descendant of Liao Wangyu, also made contributions to the survey of the imperial tombs for Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, and was awarded the title of Doctor of Qintian Supervisor Lingtai. The Ming Tombs in Beijing, which attract worldwide attention, were built by the two of them. He once worked in politics and also built nine military fortresses for the Great Wall and surveyed the site for the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in Beijing. After the old man died, Emperor Yongle also sent two eunuchs to take his coffin back to his hometown for a glorious burial. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, two famous Feng Shui magicians, Liao Wenzheng and Liao Shaoding, appeared here.
Encircled house is a kind of folk residence where ethnic groups live together. It integrates a home, a temple, and a fortress, and the residents living within it are all descendants of a certain ancestor. People in the enclosure meet each other. Respect each other according to the elder and younger members of the clan. Therefore, the second major feature of the enclosed house is its "blood relationship". The link to maintain this blood relationship is to hold ancestor worship activities regularly every year, so there must be an "ancestral hall", a public building, in the enclosed house. A patriarchal management system is implemented within the area to uniformly manage transportation, sanitation, drainage, disputes, etc. within the area. They usually work at home, but when they worship their ancestors, they are one big family. When foreign enemies invade, the entire surrounding people are a unified fighting group.
The enclosed houses in Gannan were created in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and were basically no longer built after the early years of the Republic of China. The two earliest existing enclosed houses are: Panshiwei (built in the late Ming Dynasty) in Wushi Village, Yangcun, Longnan, and Yanyiwei (built in 1658, the fifth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty) in Yangcun. From the comparison of the age of a large number of enclosure houses, it can be seen that the later the age is, the more complete the defense facilities of the enclosure house are and the shape becomes more unified.
The common square houses with turrets on the four corners became popular in the mid-Qing Dynasty.