Knowledge points of classical Chinese in senior two
1. Knowledge points of classical Chinese in Senior Two.
Four Seas in Epang Palace Fu: Ancient China was surrounded by the sea, which was located in the East China Sea, the South China Sea, the West Sea and the North Sea. However, there are different opinions from time to time. Later it refers to all parts of the country.
Red wall fu
1, hope: watch the sun. Look, lunar calendar 15, lunar calendar 16. So "Wang" refers to 16 day of abortion and 17 day of big month.
2. Beauty: The ancients used it to refer to talented people.
3, feathering into immortality: the ancient monk XX to the extreme. Jumping out of the cycle of life and death is becoming immortal.
4, endless Tibetan: Buddhist language, meaning everything.
Ji Xiang Xuan zhi
1, the first mother: the late grandmother.
2. Xianyan: the dead mother.
3. Mothering: Married women in ancient times went back to their parents' homes to visit relatives.
Reading with my wife
1, Qingqing: a nickname used by ancient lovers, mostly for women.
2, such as hoo: old letter language, like face to face.
3. Sima Qing's shirt: Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou, and his pipa trip included "But who among them cried the most?" , this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet. "
4, too forgetful: ancient legends can forget people's emotions when they reach the realm.
Travel away from home
Six Qi: Yin, Yang, Wind, Rain, Yin and Ming.
handicraftsmen
1, hair trimming: sacrificial ceremony to eliminate impurities. According to the custom of the ancients, on the tenth day of the third lunar month, people sacrificed at the water's edge, and then drank and played games. Cao Weiding is scheduled for March 3rd.
2. Flowing Qushui: Float the glass of wine on the water, let it flow out from the upstream, and follow the Qushui, whoever flows to the front will drink it.
2. Classical knowledge points of China in Senior Two.
First, the notional words in classical Chinese
1. Common word
(1) Think of it as a wheel (preach "Xuan" and bake wood with fire to bend it)
(2) Those who don't stand up despite bad experiences (preach "again" and then; Spread the word "exposure", Sun)
(3) There is nothing wrong with knowing and doing (wisdom and wisdom)
(4) Gentlemen are born different (through "sex", qualification and endowment)
2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
(1) Think of it as a wheel (think, ancient meaning: make it; Meaning: thinking)
(2) Gold is sharp and profitable (gold, ancient meaning: this article refers to swords made of metal, etc. ; Modern meaning: gold)
(3) A gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself from Japanese ginseng (erudition, ancient meaning: learn from others; Today's meaning: knowledgeable)
(4) one heart (heart: ancient: use, because today: concentrate; On purpose)
(5) A gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese participants help themselves.
(6) Those who are not snakes and eels have nothing to trust (trust: ancient: resettlement, living in the present: entrustment; Give someone or something an ideal, etc.)
3. Flexible use of parts of speech
(1) verb causative usage
If the wood in the middle of the rope is straight, it is a wheel.
(2) Adjectives are used flexibly as nouns
Its curvature is moderate (curvature)
(3) Nouns as adverbials
A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he saves himself by participating in the day (daily life).
Eat the earth and drink yellow (up and down)
(4) Nouns as verbs
Fake boats can't swim.
Let it be natural (the method of "making")
You can't take ten steps (cross ten steps to ten steps)
(5) Numerals as adjectives:
Monopolistic (single-minded)
4. Polysemy
Absolutely.
A fake boat can't swim, but never cross the river.
Since Master Yun Zu led his wife to this desperate situation (partition) to avoid the chaos of Qin Dynasty.
Think it's wonderful
The unique Maitreya Buddha in Fo Yin (very)
Knock the ruler suddenly, and the group will ring (stop)
(2) False
A gentleman's life is the same, and his goodness is illusory in things (with the help of)
Therefore, many people use books in their spare time.
It is the wolf who dozes off before enlightenment, hiding and luring the enemy (contrary to the truth, it is not true, it is pretending)
(3) Smell
Breathing with the wind, the sound is not painful, but the listener is loud (hear)
Have a wealth of knowledge (experience, knowledge)
Can't call the smell of the past (reputation, reputation)
(4) Strong
Earthworms don't have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong (strong)
Bow should be strong, sword should be long (strong bow)
Policy 12, awarded to the former 1000 (above)
It's a hundred steps, three or four miles a day (hard, barely)
(5) Look
I've tasted it and looked forward to it. It's better to look at it from a distance.
Look at the general day and night, how dare you go against it (look, look)
Xianda Delong looks up (fame)
Looking forward to July (when the moon is full, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month)
Second, the function words in classical Chinese
1. and
(1) conjunctions, table modification: I think about it all the time/I look forward to it once I taste it.
(2) Conjunction, indicating a turning point: green is taken from blue and its shine on you/ice, water is colder than water/climbing for it, and the arm is not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away/whistling with the wind, and the sound is not aggravated, which is obvious to the listener.
(3) Conjunction, table juxtaposition: knowingly commit a crime/crab kneels six times and pinches twice.
(4) Harmony means inheritance: accumulate goodness into virtue, and the gods are complacent.
5. Conjunction means progressive: a gentleman is knowledgeable, but towering can save.
2. at
(1) Prepositions, from: green, from blue to blue.
(2) Preposition, than: green, from blue and blue.
(3) preposition, object, untranslatable: goodness is false in things.
3. Wisdom
(1) Pronoun: green, taken from blue (instead of indigo)/ice, water is cooler than water (instead of ice).
(2) The post-sign of auxiliary words and attributives: Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, but their bones and muscles are strong.
(3) auxiliary words, purpose: not the point of the snake circle, there is no sustenance.
(4) Auxiliary words, used between the attributive and the head word, have no practical significance: it is not as good as learning in an instant.
4. what
(1), in which, it comes from here: mountains are piled up, wind and rain are flourishing/water drops converge into the ocean, and dragons leap and tigers leap.
(2) At the end of the sentence, the mood auxiliary words are: accumulating goodness into virtue, the immortal is complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared.
Third, classical Chinese sentence patterns
1. Judgment
(1) A gentleman is the same all his life, and he is good at faking (using "ye" to express his judgment).
(2) Those who are not in the snake hole have nothing to trust and are impatient (judged by "Zhe …… also")
(3) Although there is a crisis, people who no longer stand up will be tanned (using "wearing …… also" to express judgment)
2. Elliptic sentences
(1) Tanning (zhi) takes (zhi) as the wheel (to store the object "zhi" of verbs and prepositions respectively)
(2) Those who leave the ship will not be able to swim and will be cut off from the river (provincial preposition "in")
3. Inverted sentences
(1) green, dare to be blue, green is blue (take it from blue, take it from blue, put it behind the guest)
(2) A gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese participants help themselves.
(3) Good and false are also in things (false in things, after things)
(4) Earthworms have no advantage over their minions, but their bones and muscles are strong.
Ice, water for it, is colder than water (in water, the front structure is behind)
3. Senior two classical Chinese knowledge points
1, Huang (1903- 1987), formerly known as,, educator, literary theorist, aesthetician and writer. He is well-known at home and abroad for his distinctive academic tendency, unique insights and fruitful achievements. He is the author of a long poem "The Retreat of Guilin", a collection of novels "Shadow", "Goodbye" and a collection of essays "On the Philosophy of Smugglers".
2. Ya-Iwaszkiewicz (1894-1980), an outstanding poet and novelist in Poland, is also an excellent essayist. His prose is self-contained, natural and fluent, with spirit in truth and beauty in simplicity.
3, Wen Yiduo: formerly known as Wen Jiahua, the third friend. 1946 16 On July 5th, at a memorial service for Mr. Li Gongpu, he angrily denounced the Kuomintang for the crime of assassinating Li Gongpu, and published "The Last Speech", which was killed by Kuomintang agents that afternoon.
4. Ai Qing: China modern writer, formerly known as Jiang Haicheng, became famous with the poem Dayan River-My Nanny.
5. Shu Ting (1952—), formerly known as Gong, was born in Quanzhou, Fujian. Contemporary poet, a representative figure of misty poetry school, has written poems such as "Double Mast Boat" and "Singing Iris". Shu Ting's poems have both distinctive rebellious spirit of the times and persistent and deep patriotic feelings, and are known as "songs of the spiritual world".
6. Obscure poetry is a wave of poetry with extensive influence in the new period, and it is also a school of poetry that has achieved quite high artistic achievements. It came into being in the late 1970s. Obscure poetry strengthens the modern consciousness, highlights the creative subject, broadens the expressive field of poetry, enriches the expressive means of poetry, brings more confusing images and hints to poetry, and shows absolutely different characteristics from those of poetry in the 1930s. The representative writers of misty poetry are Shu Ting, Gu Cheng and He Jiang.
The characteristics of misty poetry: in conception, it emphasizes internal thinking; In the way of expression, the pursuit of images often uses symbols, hints and synaesthesia to express the poet's thoughts and feelings.
7. Akhmatova: One of the female poets in Russian literature. She and her ex-husband, gumilyov, are also outstanding representatives of Akmei School. People call it "the moon in the sky in Russian poetry". Early indoor lyric poetry peeped at human nature with "witch thinking". In his later years, he positioned himself as "the virgin of the world", and doctors continued to express their ultimate concern and love for people.
8. Songs of the South: The name "Songs of the South" was first seen in the early Western Han Dynasty, and it was a poetic style that rose in Chu during the Warring States Period. It originated from Chu Ci in the Jianghuai Valley of China, and absorbed new forms of folk literature, especially Chu Ci. It changed 300 poems in The Book of Songs, especially the four-character poems in Ya and Ode, into irregular poems in Sao style, and established a new poetic style, which marked the new development of China's literary poetry and was a great liberation of poetic style after The Book of Songs. The main authors are Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jing Ke, Le Tang and others. The main works are Qu Yuan's Li Sao, Nine Songs, Tian Wen and Song Yu's Nine Arguments.
9. Qu Yuan was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period, and was the founder and representative writer of The Songs of Chu. In the 20th century, he was selected as a world cultural celebrity and widely commemorated. Qu Yuan is a politician. He initially assisted Wang Huai and worked as a leftist and doctor in San Lv. He is knowledgeable, knows how to deal with chaos, is good at rhetoric, and won the trust of the king. However, he was exiled by villains twice, and finally he was angry and desperate. According to legend, he died in the Miluo River.
10 Lisao is the longest political lyric poem in China classical literature. Li Sao-encounter, Li Sao-sadness, Li Sao is a poem written by the author in the face of sadness, which shows the poet's eager pursuit and unyielding struggle to realize the lofty goal of the motherland's prosperity. The whole poem ***373 sentences.
1 1, Pushkin, Russian poet, founder of modern Russian literature and founder of Russian literary language. As a poet, he wrote more than 800 poems, lyric poems and a dozen narrative poems in his life, using various forms and rhythms. Pushkin's great contribution also lies in the creation of Russian literary language and the establishment of Russian language norms. His masterpiece is the poetic novel Eugene? Onegin, the novel The Captain's Daughter.
12, Whitman (1819-1892), an American poet, is recognized as the "father of poetry" in America. In the late 1940s, he joined the "Free Land Party", opposed American slavery and advocated land reform. His masterpiece is Leaves of Grass. Leaves of Grass is Whitman's poetry collection. Its moral is that "blades of grass" grow everywhere and are full of vitality. It symbolizes ordinary people, developing America and Whitman's own ideals and hopes about democracy and freedom.
13, Wen Tianxiang was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His posthumous works include The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan. The Preface to Nan Jian is a preface written by Wen Tianxiang for his poetry collection Nan Jian. The collection of poems is called "Returning to the South", which is based on the poem "My heart is a magnet, which does not mean that the South refuses to rest".
14, Zhang Pu, born in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, was a writer in the Ming Dynasty. He studied hard since he was a child, and all the books he read had to be copied by hand six or seven times, so he named his study "Qi Lu Zhai". He organized a patriotic association, Fu She, and became the leader of Fu She. In literature, he put forward the idea of "advocating the study of retro". He is the author of Seven Records of Ramadan.
15, epitaph, also known as epitaph. "Monument" refers to the inscription, and "ambition" refers to the epitaph. The former is carved on the ground and the latter is buried underground. Inscriptions are divided into three categories, namely, palace temple tablets, tombstones and merit tablets. Tombstones are used to describe the deeds and noble qualities of the deceased before his death.
16, John Galsworthy, British critical realist writer. His most important works are two trilogies, the Forcy family (The Man with Property, Riding a Tiger, Rent) and modern comedies (The White Ape, The Key and Song of the Swan).
17, Jiang Yang, whose real name is Yang Jikang. The main works are the script "Proud", "Virtual Reality" and the novel "Bathing".
18, Joseph Needham, British biochemist, expert in the history of science and technology, and president of the International Union for the History of Science. He is the author of China's History of Science and Technology, and views China's traditional science from a historical perspective.
19, Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. China is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary. His works have a great influence on the development of modern literature in China. The main works are: short story collection "Scream", "Wandering" and "New Stories"; Prose collection "Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening" and prose poetry collection "Weeds"; Essays such as Grave, Cargill Collection, Two Hearts Collection, Gai Hua Collection, Mobilization of the South and the North, and Essays on the Pavilion of Confrontation. Diary of a Madman is the first vernacular novel in China's modern literature.
20. Qu Qiubai, originally named Qu Shuang, later renamed Qu Shuang and Qu Shuang, is a proletarian revolutionary, modern writer and translator. His works include Journey to a Hungry Country and History of the Red Capital.
2 1, Zuo Zhuan is the first detailed and complete chronicle of China and one of the Thirteen Classics. Because Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Liang Zhuan were all written to explain Spring and Autumn Annals, they are also called Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals.
4. Senior two classical Chinese knowledge points
First, the interchangeable word (1) is Zhan Yuheng (balance, horizontal, vertical and horizontal)
I don't care whether I will stay (I don't know why)
(3) The scene is descending to enter (scene, through "shadow", sunshine)
Second, the different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. Relatives: in-laws, consorts.
2. Love words: confident words
3. Newcomers: things of the future
4. Husband: Pedestrian
5. Help the elderly: crutches
6. Storm: refers to war.
7. Personnel: refers to being an official.
8. to stay: refers to life and death
9. Find: Soon
1 1. Intersection: Interaction, both.
Third, the flexible use of parts of speech
(A) the flexible use of nouns
Noun as adverbial
(1) Garden Day involves every day, every day.
(2) Sometimes when the head and vision.
2. Nouns are used flexibly as verbs
(1) policies to help the elderly rest.
(2) Playing the piano and reading music books.
(3) or rowing alone.
(4) actually lost, it is not far away.
(B) the flexible use of verbs
Verb as noun
(1) Life.
(c) adjectives as nouns
(1) leaning against the south window to send a proud and complacent mood.
(2) bring children into the room, children
(4) Causative usage
(1) Shen Rong's adjective "To put your knees on" is flexibly used as a verb to make ...
(2) Yan Tingke flexibly uses the adjective "Yi Yan" as the verb ... Happy.
(5) The usage of conation
1. Love words of relatives in Yue are inspired, and ... is taken as a kind of fun.
(2) Music books can eliminate anxiety, for ... for happiness.
(3) When everything is fine, the adjectives conation and ... are fine.
5. Senior two classical Chinese knowledge points.
(A) common words
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2. This kind of barren hills is like the wind (Feng's Passing by)
3. Mountains and rivers crisscross (Miao, coiled by "dazzling" links)
4. The cups and plates are messy.
5. Hold up the statues that belong to each other (respect, hand over the "bottle", glass)
(B) the flexible use of parts of speech
1. Song's gentle and graceful chapter, sing it (Song, a masterpiece, sing it)
2. You dance in a secluded valley, hide dumplings, and weep for your wife alone (dance, make ... dance; Cry, make noise ...)
3. Sit still (positive, posturing and ending)
4. There are few stars in the moon, and black magpies fly south (south, the masterpiece is south).
5. Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east (west, east, Ming, west and east)
6. Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went downstream to the east (down, east: masterpiece moved, captured, crusaded eastward, traveled eastward).
7. My son and I firewood on the Zhu Jiang (firewood is famous for moving, fishing and chopping firewood).
8. Make friends with fish, shrimp and elk (companion, friend: use … as a companion, use … as a friend)
(3) Different meanings in ancient and modern times
1. The white dew crosses the river and the water meets the sky (ancient meaning: white water vapor; Modern significance: one of the 24 solar terms)
2. Ling Wanqing is at a loss (ancient meaning: the appearance of the distance; Modern meaning: completely unknown)
(D) Polysemous words
1. Hope:
Hope in July (noun, lunar month 15)
Look at the beautiful scenery and the sky.
2. Song:
Sing (sing) with your hands tied
Song Yue (lyrics)
Rely on the song and live in peace with it (singing)
3. For example:
The reed place is like (going)
Feng Xu as vast as the headwind (like)
Floating like an independent world (like)
4. However:
Its voice is purring (like ..., like the suffix of a phonetic word)
What is this (like this)
5. Dragon:
Die holding the bright moon (forever)
And the rise and fall of death is also (increasing)
6. Open:
Perilla and guests go boating under Chibi (now)
The moon rises from Dongshan.
Wandering between bullfights (now)
This is not Meng Zhizhi trapped in Zhou Lang.
Entrust resounded through Hengtai (I)
7. and:
Feather rises to immortality (table undertakes)
Singing with buttons (table decoration)
Make peace with songs (ornaments)
Ask humbly (table decoration)
Elk, Friends of Fish and Shrimp (table tied)
It is also a turning point for the deceased to leave without paying back the money.
What the ear gets is sound (indicating cause and effect)
8. Wisdom:
The loss of Ling Wanqing (auxiliary word, marker word after attribute)
Sing by boat (syllable auxiliary)
Make peace by song (pronoun, not "song")
Mourn for my life (auxiliary word, take independence)
9. It:
I don't know where it ends (pronoun, which means "a reed")
Its voice is purring (pronoun, that)
What is it (pronoun, meaning flute)
Broke Jingzhou (pronoun, he, zhi)
(5) Special sentence patterns
1. perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff (preposition and object phrase are placed behind)
2. Wandering between bullfights (preposition object phrase postposition)
3. What is it (prepositional object)
I am at home now (prepositional object)
This is not because Meng Zhizhi is trapped in Zhou Lang (passive sentence).
6. What do you envy (prepositional object)
7. Ling Wanqing is at a loss.
8. It is the endless concealment of creation. (judgment)
9. I am in love with you.
Third, idioms
1. A drop in the ocean: a grain in the sea, described as very small.
2. Sitting in danger: straighten your clothes, sit up straight, and describe a serious or formal appearance.
3. world independence: divorced from society, living alone and not interacting with others.
4. unbroken: connected like a thin thread, almost broken. Often used to describe a critical situation or a long, subtle sound.
5. Messy cups and plates: Describe the mess on the table after the banquet.
Fourth, other keywords
Looking forward to July (the 16th day of the seventh lunar month)
White dew crossing the river (shrouded)
What does the reed do (let it go, for example)
Ling Wanqing's blankly (crossing)
Hao Hao is like the wind in Feng Xu (Hao Hao: vast and far away; Feng Xu: volley, out of thin air)
I am so far away.
Rely on songs and make peace with them (rely on: follow, rely on; And: chorus)
The lingering sound is like a wisp (curl: describing the long and gentle sound, wisps: filaments)
Sit tight (straight)
Fang Qi defeated Jingzhou (Party and Party)
The hero of the solid world is also (original)
Mourn for my life (for a moment)
I can't suddenly know it (suddenly: suddenly; Easy to get)
Then heaven and earth can't be in an instant (once: unexpectedly, even ..........................; Instant: blink of an eye, figuratively speaking, the time is very short)
And I eat * * * with my son (together, also called "comfortable").
Translation of key sentences of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. Send the ephemera into the sky and into the ground, a drop in the ocean.
Parasitic between heaven and earth like a mayfly, as small as a particle in the sea.
2. Take a flying fairy trip and die with the moon in your arms.
Wandering immortals are with the bright moon.
3. Gai must look at it from its changers, then heaven and earth cannot be in an instant.
If we look at it from the changing side, then everything between heaven and earth (always changing) will not stop even in the blink of an eye.
It is the creator who hides endlessly, and my son and I are in the right place.
This is the endless treasure of nature, and I can enjoy it with you.