What are the main principles and steps for factory site selection?

Basic principles for factory site selection:

1. Requirements for regional location

(1) It should be as close as possible to the production areas of raw materials and fuels and product sales areas;

(2) Stay away from important railway hubs, large bridges, large oil storage depots, important military projects, airports and other strategic targets;

(3) Stay away from high-voltage power transmission lines, and do not compress urban underground pipelines;

(4) Projects that may produce industrial wastewater should be located downstream of towns, rivers, ports, water sources, etc.;

(5 ) For projects that may produce a large amount of waste gas, they should be located downwind of the town;

(6) Meet local planning requirements;

(7) When located in cultural relic areas or scenic reserves, There should be documentation of approval from local authorities.

2. Requirements for factory site area

The factory site area should meet the land requirements and environmental conditions of the production area, three waste treatment sites and other facilities, and consider leaving appropriate development land. .

3. Requirements for terrain

(1) It can meet the requirements of production process and transportation layout, and has appropriate room for development;

(2 ) Not affected by natural disasters such as floods and tides, or threatened by large reservoir dam breaches;

(3) The appearance of the factory site should be as simple as possible, and the terrain slope should not be too steep to reduce the amount of earthwork;

(4) For some industrial projects, such as certain mineral processing plants, cement plants, chemical plants, food plants, etc., the production process requires the use of hillside terrain construction, and the sand, slurry, liquid, slag, etc. in the production process are realized by gravity. Self-flow reduces production costs;

(5) Occupy no or less cultivated land and forest land, and less demolition of houses or other buildings (structures).

4. Requirements for engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions

(1) The allowable bearing capacity of the rock and soil foundation should be able to meet the engineering requirements, and generally should not be less than 100kPa. For larger For factories with large loads, it should not be lower than 150kPa;

(2) Try to avoid complicating basic engineering due to engineering geology and hydrogeology problems; (3) The factory should be selected in areas with seismic intensity below 9 degrees;

(4) Avoid selecting plants in areas with level 3 or higher collapsible loess, level 1 expansive soil areas, karst, quicksand and other areas with poor engineering geology, as well as areas with direct hazards such as landslides and debris flows.