Formation and Evolution of Eco-geological Environment System in Sanjiang Plain
Ecological environment refers to the biosphere environment of human beings, that is, the sum of various natural and artificially transformed natural factors that affect human survival and development. Eco-geological environment is the study of the relationship among human living environment, natural ecological environment and social ecological environment, which is called eco-geological environment from the ecological point of view.
(A) Geological environment system
Geological environment system is a geological space closely related to human activities and other natural environment systems, and it is the most important place for human life and production activities. Geological environment system is a multi-component system, which is mainly composed of four subsystems: landform environment, rock environment, soil environment and water environment. The subsystems are interrelated and interact with each other to transform and transfer matter and energy.
As a special geological space, geological environment is not only influenced by natural systems such as atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and inner circle of the earth, but also by human social and economic systems.
Sanjiang Plain is a faulted basin formed since Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The neotectonic movement since Paleogene-Neogene is dominated by steady decline in most areas. The Quaternary fluvial loose deposits are 200 ~ 300 m thick, and the lithology is mostly sand, gravel and silty sand. The topsoil is mostly peat soil, swamp soil, black soil, meadow soil and albic soil rich in organic matter. Under the three-level layered topography (platform, low plain and valley plain), Paleogene pore fissure confined water and Quaternary gravel pore phreatic water with large thickness and single structure are buried. The plain surface is low and flat, with a slope of11000 ~1/5 000 and an absolute elevation of 34 ~100 m. The main landforms are terraces, I and II terraces, high and low floodplains, etc. The micro-landform is complex, with dished depressions, linear depressions and natural dikes widely distributed, and ancient rivers and meanders can be seen everywhere. Sporadic residual hills and mountains stand on the plain, and the exposed area of bedrock is small, but the Quaternary basement is bedrock, with various rocks from Paleoproterozoic to Cenozoic, forming the geological environment of the crust. The surface water system is developed, the river network is densely covered, bubble swamps and oxbow lakes are dotted, and rivers wander around.
(2) Ecosystem
Ecosystem can be divided into natural ecosystem, artificial ecosystem and semi-natural ecosystem according to its forming conditions.
1. Natural ecosystem
It is a relatively stable system in a certain space and time range, free from or basically free from human interference or artificial transformation, and dependent on the self-regulation of organisms and their environment. According to the morphological characteristics of habitat or environment, natural ecosystems can be divided into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Wetland is a transitional zone between land and water system, and the water level line is at or near the surface, or the land covered by shallow water. Sanjiang Plain is famous for its dominant primitive wetland ecosystem.
Wetlands generally have the following three characteristics: ① aquatic plants grow periodically at least underground; (2) The dominant substrate is undrained wet soil; (3) If it is a non-soil substrate, cover it with shallow water for a period of time in the growing season every year.
Before the large-scale development of Sanjiang Plain, due to the humid climate, abundant water, low surface and poor drainage in the plain area, the natural landscape of northern water towns dominated by natural ecosystems was formed. In the humid environment dominated by water, dense wet-loving plant communities and island forests grow and develop, forming a natural ecosystem dominated by wetland ecosystem.
2. Semi-natural ecosystem
Agricultural ecosystem is an ecosystem developed on the basis of natural ecosystem and belongs to semi-natural ecosystem. For example, a large area of paddy fields in Sanjiang Plain belongs to seasonal wetland ecosystem; Forestry, animal husbandry and various aquaculture engaged by human beings also belong to this system.
With the large-scale artificial drainage, land reclamation, burning and reclamation of swamp grassland in Sanjiang Plain in recent 50 years, the original ecosystem has changed completely, from the original environment dominated by natural ecosystem to the environment dominated by semi-natural ecosystem.
3. Artificial ecosystem
Artificial ecosystem is mainly embodied in urban ecosystem. The main cities in this area are Jiamusi, Suibin, Fujin, Huachuan, Baoqing, Fuyuan, Tongjiang, Jiansanjiang and Hongxinglong.
The eco-geological environment system regards human beings as a life system, which mainly highlights the core position of human beings in the eco-geological environment. Human activities are the biggest actors in various natural functions, studying the relationship between human living environment and geological environment in nature or social and economic fields.
In view of this, combined with Sanjiang Plain, this paper expounds the factors related to eco-geological environment: water, climate, vegetation, landform, soil, Quaternary loose deposits and rocks. Especially after nearly 50 years of development, Sanjiang Plain has changed from a natural ecosystem to a semi-natural ecosystem, and various factors in the artificial ecosystem have changed.
Second, the formation and evolution of natural eco-geological system in Sanjiang Plain
Modern water system changes, topography and soil vegetation are the result of long-term interaction among lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. The alternation of crustal movement and paleoclimate is the dominant factor to control the temporal and spatial laws of geology and geomorphology and the evolution of paleoenvironment.
(A) structural changes and the formation and evolution of water system
The basic framework of geological environment in this area was formed about 8000× 104 years ago. Since the end of Mesozoic and the beginning of Cenozoic, due to the strong expansion of the Kula Ridge of the Pacific plate, the fault revival and rift formation have been further aggravated. With the intermittent development of plate action and back-arc expansion, the ancient Jiamusi uplift belt and Nadanha Daling geosyncline fold belt have differentiated. Sanjiang Graben, Xiaoxing 'anling and Wandashan continue to rise, and NE-trending faults appear in Wusuli River and Naoli River basins. The mountain area suffered from weathering and denudation, which flattened the axis of the upper anticline. However, the Sanjiang Graben began to move at the end of the late Jurassic, and gradually subsided, accepting Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits with a thickness of nearly 2000～2500m m. Due to the strong expansion of the Sea of Japan in the later period, the development of the rift valley was limited until the Japanese basin began to shrink and the Sanjiang Graben was revived.
From Paleogene to Neogene, the Schott deep fault zone, Naoli River fault zone and Iraq-Iraq fault zone formed in Cretaceous in the west continued to develop, which expanded and deepened the basins on both sides. In the Late Tertiary, about 1000× 104 years ago, Naolihe fault and Yiyi fault were active again, which caused all the present piedmont areas to fall into Sanjiang Plain. At the same time, volcanic activity occurred along the fault in some areas, forming a basalt platform, which fluctuated slightly, while Xiaoxing 'anling and Wandashan continued to rise, reaching a maximum of 400m in modern times.
About 300× 104a ago, that is, in the early Quaternary, the Songhua River began to form in the survey area. Heilongjiang was formed in the middle and late early Pleistocene, and it merged northward after being brought into Songhua River after revival, but the water energy of the river was small and it had not cut through Jiayin Valley. Wutong River has also been formed, flowing out of the mountain pass and into the Songhua River. In the area from entrepreneurship to friendship, a large circular lake has been formed. Songhua River to Huachuan is divided into two parts, and the mainstream continues to merge with Heilongjiang in the north; Another tributary flows into the lake through MCA.
In the Middle Pleistocene, due to the overall stable subsidence of Sanjiang Plain, the sedimentary range was extremely wide, the paleoclimate deteriorated again, and glaciers formed in mountainous areas. The ancient Sanjiang Xiang moved to Baoqing area. At the same time, there is a lake in Jixian and Tangyuan. The Gunaoli River has been formed. Together with the tributaries south of Songhua River, it flows into Heilongjiang in the north. The Wusuli River is also a small river running nearly east-west. Heilongjiang passed through Jiayin Gorge in the middle and late Middle Pleistocene, and Songhua River passed through Yilan Gorge. Since (80 ~ 60) × 104a, the mountainous area has been rising continuously. In the late Middle Pleistocene, the ancient Sanhe Lake reached its peak, the foothills on the edge of the plain were flooded, and the lacustrine clay layer with large thickness and wide range was generally accumulated.
In the early late Pleistocene, there was another strong crustal movement, and the mountains continued to uplift, forming deep valleys, and the plain area sank steadily as a whole, accumulating lacustrine deposits. Coarse-grained materials brought by valleys at all levels on the eastern slope of Xiaoxing 'anling Mountain are deposited on the edge of the plain, forming alluvial-diluvial fans. In the middle of late Pleistocene, the river flow in Sanjiang Plain increased, which often flooded low-lying areas, resulting in the flooding of the area east of Tongjiang-Jixian line, with sandy clay with a thickness of 6 ~ 10m. At the end of the late Pleistocene, the plain area rose as a whole, and the Great Lakes in the pioneering-friendship area disappeared. The eastern part of the plain develops into swamp rivers such as Naoli River and Beilahong River. Before (7 ~ 1) × 104a, the periglacial action was very strong, and various typical periglacial landforms were formed. Wide periglacial valleys or periglacial gullies are widely developed in mountainous areas, and large gullies form buried valleys, which buried the sediments in the early late Pleistocene.
During the Holocene, with the end of the last ice age in the late Pleistocene, the global climate generally warmed, which made the survey area enter a warm and humid climate environment in modern times, and its natural geological environment began a new development period. The water system in this area has formed many tributaries, rivers have been cut, erosion has intensified, and some formed accumulation plains have been eroded and cut. The "Three Rivers" have increased dry flow, increased curvature, swinging from side to side, and the central beach and lateral beach. In this way, after a long time, internal and external geological processes, the natural geological landscape of "two mountains", "three rivers" and "one plain" was finally formed.
(2) Formation and evolution of plants and climate system
Sanjiang plain is low and flat, and swamps are widely distributed. The surface vegetation is dominated by swamp plants and meadow swamp plants, and tall trees and shrubs are only scattered in low mountains and hills. However, during the formation of the plain, it experienced several flora successions and many climate change processes completely different from modern times.
The analysis of the characteristics of Neogene sporopollen assemblage shows that Podocarpus and Hemlock were widely distributed in this area at the end of Neogene and the beginning of Neogene. Podocarpus and Hemlock are currently only distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in southern China. Since the beginning of Neogene, the climate of Taxodium was not as hot and humid as that of Paleogene due to the change of topography, so the distribution of Podocarpus and Hemlock was greatly reduced, only distributed in low-lying lakes and streams. The pollen of spruce, Podocarpus and Hemlock increased at the same time, indicating that these tall trees showed obvious vertical zoning characteristics with the change of altitude. Pine and spruce, which like to enjoy the cool, mainly grow in the highest part of the mountain, while Podocarpus and Hemlock grow in the hilly areas. In the early Miocene, the overall climate developed from warm temperate zone to warm and humid climate, but pine trees and spruce appeared in large numbers, indicating that the Neogene climate began to have obvious cold and warm characteristics. The flora is obviously a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest.
In the middle and late Miocene, the temperature rose again. Sporo-pollen assemblages dominated by the inflorescence of Maozi replaced those dominated by Pinus, Picea, Podocarpus and Hemlock. A large number of plants with catnip appear in temperate zone, and a small number of subtropical deciduous or evergreen molecules participate, such as beech, Liquidambar formosana and pecan. The appearance of these evergreen trees indicates that the climate at that time has changed from a warm and cool climate in the early Miocene to a warmer and wetter climate. At that time, the flora was coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by temperate broad-leaved trees.
Since Pliocene, the climate in this area has gradually deteriorated. From the sporopollen assemblage, it can be seen that the pollen of some warm-loving broad-leaved trees such as Joule, Pterocarya stenoptera and Juglans regia decreased greatly, while the pollen of herbaceous plants increased gradually, indicating that the forest area decreased greatly compared with Miocene. The Pliocene in North China was similar to this area, but the number and species of trees and shrubs were not as rich as those in North China. With the climate gradually changing from cold to dry, a large number of warm-loving broad-leaved trees gradually migrated to the Far East and Xiaoxing 'an Mountains.
The global temperature dropped in Quaternary, and the flora changes were different from those in Neogene. The species and quantity of temperate broad-leaved trees are gradually decreasing, on the contrary, the floristic elements of cold temperate plants are gradually increasing. The appearance and melting of mountain glaciers in the surrounding areas have a direct impact on the climate in this area. Therefore, the alternation of sporopollen assemblage (the alternation of flora) since Quaternary is suitable for climate change, such as cold and warm, dry and wet.
In the early Pleistocene and early Middle Pleistocene, pine and birch were the main sporopollen assemblages. With the decrease of temperature, the distribution height of cold-resistant conifers such as pine, spruce and fir decreased gradually. The well-drained valleys in hilly areas are covered with birch shrubs, and there are a large number of meadow plants on the vast flat land, which constitute a forest grassland landscape dominated by pine trees and a shrub jungle dominated by birch trees. It belongs to continental cold and dry climate.
Pine, birch and oak are the main sporopollen assemblages in the early Pleistocene and the late Middle Pleistocene. The increase of oak and walnut pollen in the combination indicates that the climate is developing from early cold and dry to warm and humid. With the warming of the climate, the distribution of oak trees has expanded. This coniferous broad-leaved forest, dominated by pine birch and oak, is somewhat similar to the vegetation in Xiaoxing 'anling and the coastal mountainous areas of the Far East. This means that the temperature was higher than today.
In the late Pleistocene, Sanjiang Plain was in the confluence and alluvial period of Heilongjiang, Songhua and Wusuli rivers, and the sporopollen assemblage dominated by pine and spruce was formed in the lower part of Lahonghe Formation. Cold-tolerant conifers have spread in this area, indicating that the climate has entered a cold period again. At the same time, a certain number of rolled prototypes and mossy spores of marl appeared in the combination, further indicating that the climate is not only cold but also humid, and there is more water on the ground, and swamps begin to develop. Silty sand layer and peat layer rich in organic matter are generally developed on light yellow silty fine sand in the lower part of Beilahonghe Formation, and pine trees and hazelnuts are the main sporopollen, indicating that at that time, due to the cold climate, tall trees retreated to mountainous areas, and cold-resistant shrub jungle and warm meadow plants were widely developed. Mammoth-pilose rhinoceros fossils are mainly exposed in the upper part of Belahonghe Formation, further indicating that due to the generally cold climate in Pleistocene tomorrow night, a large number of mammoth-pilose rhinoceros fauna gradually migrated from Siberia to Sanjiang Plain, Songliao Plain and North China Plain in Northeast China. Therefore, the analysis of late Pleistocene sporopollen and fauna shows that it was in a cold period, and the flora was dominated by coniferous forest, shrub and meadow.
Since Holocene, the global climate has generally warmed. In the late Pleistocene, frozen cracks and frozen debris flows were widely distributed in the clay layer of Sanjiang Plain. With the Holocene climate warming, they melted on a large scale, forming a special landform type of swamp development in this area-dish depression. Peat began to develop on the basis of Panwa.
The sporopollen assemblage in the Holocene peat layer in this area can be divided into three zones, which can be compared with the Holocene peat layer in the southern Liaodong Peninsula. The dominant zone of birch is equivalent to the peat layer in Busan Landian, representing the warm and dry climate in the north. The broad-leaved forest belt dominated by oak is equivalent to the peat layer of Dagushan Mountain, representing the warm and humid Atlantic period, which is the most suitable period for the development and formation of peat. The advantage of pine trees is equivalent to the peat layer in the front depression, representing the Atlantic and northern periods, reflecting the colder and wetter climate.
(C) changes in the historical geological environment
Archaeological data show that 45,000 to 22,000 years ago was an interglacial period of the last glacial period, and the climate in this area was relatively warm. At this time, newcomers from North China (equivalent to cavemen) migrated to the northeast in several branches, and several of them arrived in this area. At that time, the climate was almost the same as it is now, warm and humid. Plants such as pine, birch, spruce, hazelnut, fern, oak and alder grew on the mountains, and many lakes grew on the Sanjiang Plain. In grasslands and forests, there are a large number of mammoths, hairy rhinos, wild horses, bison, tigers and bears, hyenas and so on. There are all kinds of fish and aquatic animals living in the water. The vast area is full of HarmonyOS system blooming, bandits, hazel trees and prosperity. At this time, people have learned to strike a fire, live collectively in caves, earth caves or houses made of wood and stones, and live a life of hunting, fishing, grazing and gathering.
At the end of the late Pleistocene, due to the global glacier distribution, mammoths were forced to leave their original living environment and migrate, which had a certain impact on the distribution of mammoths in this area, and human hunting activities also accelerated the migration of mammoths. The "kitchen waste" of human eating mammoths has been found in many places in China. Four to five individual mammoth teeth were found in Xiaonanshan, Raohe County, accompanied by paleolithic. So mammoths were once hunted by ancient humans in China. About 15000 years ago, the global climate deteriorated and the ice age came. In order to survive, mammoths were forced to migrate along Siberia to North America through the ice bridge in the Bering Strait. However, due to environmental changes and human hunting, the only remaining mammoths in this area gradually became extinct.
6 000a years ago, mankind entered the Neolithic Age, and a new flowing culture appeared in Sanjiang Plain, and its cultural remains were produced in the high flood areas of various river valleys. Ancient human settlements mainly along the Wusuli River, Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Naoli River basins, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and adjacent to forests. Judging from the historical relics excavated in Fuyuan and Raohe, there are stone axes, knives, bone implements, jade articles, pottery pots and so on made by human beings in the Neolithic Age. As early as 2 200 ~ 3 000 years ago, during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, our Manchu ancestor, Sushen, began to enter the clan society. They made use of the excellent natural resources here, made tools such as arrows, stones and nets, hunted and fished, cultivated primitive agriculture, flourished and created splendid culture, thus creating the history of human conquest of natural geological environment, showing colorful geological environment and one of the main birthplaces of human beings. This also shows that the people of Su Shen and other nationalities are working hard in the extremely difficult geological environment, constantly transforming the geological environment, building living conditions and opening up new territories. However, large areas of virgin forests and swamps are still in the natural ecosystem and self-mediation that have not been disturbed by human beings.
In the modern historical period since 1 500a, the local people are mainly aborigines, Fuyu people and Yilou people in the Han and Jin Dynasties, Buji people in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Huns in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jurchen in the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Manchu people in the Qing Dynasty, Hezhe people and Oroqen people. They live in "hilly areas" and "extremely cold country atmosphere", "eat whole grains", "hunt in the mountains" and "wear linen" environments. Living in summer, supporting trees and grass as a house, digging holes as a house in winter, and living a semi-settled or non-settled life. Because of the rich mountains, dense forests, abundant rivers, mountain birds, wild animals and fishery products, the natural geography and geological environment are superior, which is suitable for human production, life and reproduction. With the increase of population and the emergence of class society, the ancient villages in this area have developed. Archaeological discoveries include ancient castles in Tang and Liao Dynasties, tombs of fishing and hunting tribes in Jin and Northern Song Dynasties, and ruins of ancient post stations in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The rise and existence of these villages have played a positive role in people's survival and conquest of nature in this cold region. However, due to the limited level of productivity, people tend to fear nature rather than compete with it. There are also people who hunt only for food. The limitations, margins and limited demand for food of fishing and hunting farming have not yet formed the impact and pressure on the natural ecology and geological environment. In addition, at the beginning of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, the northeast was regarded as the birthplace of ancestors, and the policy of "four prohibitions" was adopted to prevent Manchu from being sinicized, which objectively played a positive role in protecting the geological environment and the balance of ecological system. During this period, the climate here experienced several cold and warm fluctuations. Until modern times, it gradually formed a stable continental humid climate in the cold temperate zone, with drought, waterlogging and normal years accounting for 1/3 respectively. The neotectonic movement was slow and the seismic activity was weak, which was a relatively stable geological environment suitable for human survival.
1880, the Qing court completely lifted the ban in Northeast China, adopted the countermeasures of "reclaiming land and consolidating the border to guard against the invasion of Russia", and awarded "land liberation and tax-free subsidies" to reward Northeast China for reclaiming land and guarding the border. Since then, a large number of infertile people have poured in. "After land development, we have been cutting firewood to build houses and reclaiming land"; It is hard to ban the burning of wasteland, laissez-faire, gold panning and deforestation, which has opened up the development history of this area. In addition, foreign invasion in the late Qing Dynasty, Japan and Russia plundered the forest and placer gold resources in this area, and the original forest environment and mineral resources were affected. 1925 The construction of railways and the development of Hegang and Shuangyashan coalfields have had a decisive impact on the future regional economic layout, gradually changed the original landscape, caused certain harm to the geological environment and produced a series of geological disasters.
In 1930s, Japanese imperialism invaded northeast China, built railway lines in the Middle East and Suijia, and plundered coal and forest resources here. In order to contain the anti-Japanese allied forces, the policy of releasing Yamakaji was adopted, and sometimes the artillery fire stretched for dozens of miles. They wantonly cut down forests by "pulling out big hairs", which severely damaged trees in the mountains, turned some areas into barren hills, changed the original environment of forest ecosystem, and plundered more than 1 100 million tons of coal. As a result, the surface slope erosion is intensified, soil erosion is serious, ecological imbalance is caused, and the natural geological environment is destroyed.
After the founding of New China, large-scale development began in 1950s. First, there was a reclamation team of young volunteers, and then 65,438+10,000 demobilized officers and men led by General Wang Zhen came to the "Great Northern Wilderness" to reclaim wasteland and defend the border. In the 1960s, another 400,000 young intellectuals went to the countryside to develop the Great Northern Wilderness. In 1980s and 1990s, Sanjiang Plain was developed on a large scale for three times, and the original swamp grassland was completely reclaimed. 200× 104hm2 black land has been reclaimed in Sanjiang Plain, creating 36 farms and countless company villages, turning the vast and barren Yuan Ye into rich, beautiful and vibrant fertile land, making it one of the important commodity grain bases in China, and making this wasteland and swamp extremely magnificent. However, while developing the commodity grain base, it also destroyed the original environment of Sanjiang Plain. If it is not planned and treated in time, the eco-geological environment of Sanjiang Plain will inevitably develop in a bad direction.
Thus, from the early days of the founding of New China to the mid-1950s, with the construction of the national economic recovery period, Sanjiang Plain belongs to a low-level development period. 1953 to the 1960s, it was the era of "reclaiming land with one heart and agriculture with one heart", and the swamp grassland was destroyed, but the natural eco-geological environment system still had great self-control and adjustment functions, and the degree of ecological damage was not noticed for a while. At the end of 1960s-1970s, the ecological environment of Sanjiang Plain was destroyed by predatory management methods, such as emphasizing development, ignoring construction, demanding output, reducing input, paying attention to immediate interests, ignoring long-term interests, and thinking only for oneself, not for future generations. At this time, ecological destruction and nature's revenge and punishment have been clearly demonstrated. From the early 1980s to 1996, the Sanjiang Plain was developed in a three-dimensional way. A total of 20× 104hm2 of land was reclaimed, 30× 104hm2 of dry land was converted into paddy field, about 30,000 motor wells were used, and 5× 108 m3 of earth and stone was used for water conservancy construction, and the middle and low yield fields were transformed. As a result, swamps have been drastically reduced, and the ecosystem has been seriously deteriorated, especially the climate is dry and groundwater in some areas has been greatly reduced, and the pressure on eco-geological environment is increasing day by day. Since 1997, the planning of comprehensive resource development and environmental improvement in Sanjiang Plain has been implemented, and all wetlands in Sanjiang Plain have stopped reclamation. During this period, the protection and construction of eco-geological environment entered the stage of planning and decision-making, and the eco-geological environment was restored to some extent.
The evolution process of urban environment began with the continuous expansion of mining area construction, farm construction, business district construction and transportation hub scale, and developed into a township population concentration area where workers and peasants are relatively combined, and then developed into large and medium-sized cities. Due to the increase of urban population and density, a series of environmental problems have arisen, resulting in a closed natural ecosystem → a small urban, mining and rural ecosystem → a large urban, mining and farm ecosystem → an open urban-rural integrated ecosystem.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the main reason for the pressure of eco-geological environment system and environmental deterioration is the scope and scale of human economic activities, especially the contemporary agricultural, forestry, mining and industrial activities, especially the large increase in population. Changing the original landform of the earth in a short time will make the geological environment deteriorate sharply and make mankind face the severe challenge of "population and resources" It can be seen that the population growth and human economic activities in Sanjiang Plain are closely related to the changes of geological environment.
(D) the evolution of the future eco-geological environment system
The eco-geological environment system is constantly formed, developed and changed with time, not static.
Due to the intensification of human activities, the climate in this area may be warmer in the future, and the climate in this area may be equivalent to that in Liaoning Province today. With sufficient sunshine, long duration of drought, increased wind in spring and short freezing time, the island frozen soil will disappear completely. Some engineering geological problems caused by freezing injury and their influence on agricultural production may be solved.
The development of Sanjiang Plain and the destruction of wetlands have attracted the attention of Heilongjiang Province and the country. Heilongjiang province put forward the goal of building an ecological province, and the ecological construction of Sanjiang Plain was included in the plan. The state has also promulgated some laws and policies. Returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to humidity and protecting the ecological environment have been implemented in Sanjiang Plain. Therefore, the eco-geological environment system of Sanjiang Plain will be improved. With the increase of artificial forest land, the forest coverage rate, the wetland protection area continues to expand, the level of mine ecological damage restoration and treatment is improved, the scale of ecological agriculture is expanded, the deterioration trend of individual ecological environment is slowed down, the area of soil erosion is reduced year by year, the pollution degree of surface water is reduced, the number of biological species is reduced, and floods are reduced. At the same time, we should also see that the establishment of Fujin irrigation area, Suibin irrigation area and some nature reserves will improve the water supply situation in the eastern part of Sanjiang Plain, and the ecological degradation will be obviously curbed. But also has remarkable effects in balancing water regulation, preventing sandstorm, humidifying and adjusting temperature, and improving climate.
In a word, the future eco-geological environment system of Sanjiang Plain is facing a severe test. We should be soberly aware that once the eco-geological environment is destroyed, it is very difficult to recover, which requires decades or even hundreds of years of governance and recovery. Especially people are the most important factor. If people continue to destroy the environment, the eco-geological environment system may deteriorate more seriously. If people make up their minds to protect and control the eco-environmental geological system, the deteriorated eco-environmental geological system will be obviously improved. Therefore, the prediction of the future eco-geological environment system evolution is based on the application of scientific viewpoint, advanced consciousness and dynamic change, which has certain early warning.