The cause of death of Yang Guifei
The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust, and the southwest gate is thousands of rides.
The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.
People in the army stopped, and no one moved, turned around and died.
The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.
The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.
In June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (AD 756), Luoyang fell and Tongguan fell. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled from the prosperous Chang 'an, Tang Dou, and his favorite concubine, Yang Yuhuan, died in Ant Colony. This is a very eye-catching scene, and I don't know how many literati have lamented it. However, the praise of literati is not the same as that of historians, and there are still many doubts about Yang Guifei's final destination.
Some people say that Yang Yuhuan may have died in a Buddhist temple. The Biography of Yang Guifei in Old Tang Dynasty records that after the imperial generals Chen and others killed Yang and his son, they thought that "the thief was still there" and demanded that Yang Guifei be killed again to avoid future troubles. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had no choice but to bid farewell to the imperial concubine and "hang the Buddhist temple". "Zi Tongzhi Jijiantang" records that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered eunuch Gao Lishi to take Yang Guifei to the Buddhist temple and hang her. Tang Shi Bu records that Gao Lishi hanged Yang Guifei under the pear tree in the Buddhist temple. Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow records that Emperor Xuanzong knew that Yang Guifei was bound to die, but he couldn't bear to see her die, so he led the people away, "turned around hastily and died under the ruler group". The Biography of Yue Shi Yang Taizhen records that when Tang Xuanzong bid farewell to Yang Guifei, he "prayed for Buddha's respect". Gao Lishi hanged the imperial concubine under the pear tree in front of the Buddhist temple. Mr. Chen Yinque pointed out in the Manuscript of Bai Yuan's Poems: "It can be noted that Yue Shi said that the princess was hanged under a pear tree, probably influenced by the phrase" Spring rain is like a pear blossom "in Xiangshan (Bai Juyi). It's ridiculous to go. " The statement in Le Shi comes from an addendum to Tang Shi, and Li Zhao's statement is probably influenced by Song of Eternal Sorrow.
Yang Guifei may also die in the army. This theory is mainly found in the descriptions in some Tang poems. Du Fu wrote a poem "Mourning for the Head" in Chang 'an, which was occupied by An Lushan in the second year of Zhide (AD 757), including "Where are the perfect eyes and the pearly teeth?" A blood-stained soul has no home and nowhere to go ",suggesting that Yang Guifei was not hanged in the Ma Yi post, because hanging will not cause bloodshed. Poems such as "I ask you not to wash lotus blood again" and "I have too much blood and my horseshoe is exhausted" in Li Yi's seven sentences "Crossing the Horse Nest" and "Two Poems Crossing the Horse Nest" also reflect the scene that Yang Guifei was killed by the rebels and died by the sword. Du Mu's Thirty Rhymes of Huaqing Palace is full of blood and scattered feathers. Zhang has "Huaqing Palace and Sheren" and "Blood Buried Concubine"; Poems such as "Ma Yi Tie" say that "there is no evidence that the soul disappears, and the grass is sad when the blood is buried", and it is also believed that Yang Guifei's blood spilled on Ma Yi Tie, and she was not killed by shackles.
There are other possibilities for Yang Guifei's death. For example, some people say that she died of swallowing gold. This statement is only found in Liu Yuxi's poem Ma Wei Xing. Liu's poem once wrote: "The green field helps the wind, Huang Chen rides on a horse, and the roadside boy is noble." The tomb is three or four feet high. But I asked Li's middle-aged children, and they all said that they were lucky in Shu, lucky in the military, and the son of heaven gave up the demon Ji. The princes crouched on the door screen, and the nobles held the emperor's clothes, with low eyes and beautiful weather. Why do you drink gold chips? Mu Ying has worn apricot Dan all his life, and the color is really the same. " Judging from this poem, Yang Guifei died of swallowing gold. Mr. Chen Yinque was curious about this statement and made textual research in Bai Yuan's poems and notes. Chen suspects that Liu Shi's theory that "the nobles drink gold scraps" comes from the mouth of "Li", so it is different from other people's statements. But Chen Ye did not rule out the possibility that Yang Guifei swallowed gold before being hanged, so the word "Li" came from this.
Others think that Yang Guifei didn't die in Mayi post, but lived among the people. In On Poetry, Mr. Yu Pingbo made textual research on Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Chen Hong's Biography of Song of Eternal Sorrow. He thinks that Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Chen Hong's Biography of Eternal Sorrow have different original meanings. If "Long Hate" is the title of the article, it is enough to write it to Ma Wei. Why should we assume that Lin Qiong Taoist and Jade Princess are too real? The reason why Job was so, Yu Xiansheng thought that Yang Guifei didn't die in Ma Yi Yi Yi. At that time, the six armies mutinied, the imperial concubine was robbed and the women entrusted the land. This poem clearly shows that Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty could not be saved, so the imperial edict of granting death contained in the official history would not have existed at that time. Chen Hong's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" said "make people take it away", which means that Yang Guifei was taken away by an emissary and hid in a far away place. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow says that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty will rebury Yang Guifei when he returns to Luanhe River. The result is "that memory, that pain." Where is her white face? It is in the middle of the mud under Mawei slope, and even the bones can't be found, further confirming that the imperial concubine didn't die in Maweigang. It is worth noting that when Chen Hong wrote Song of Eternal Sorrow, he pointed out that "Xuanzong Biography exists for people who know the world" for fear that future generations would be unknown. As for those who are "unknown to the world", today there is a Song of Eternal Sorrow, which obviously implies that Yang Guifei is not dead.
There is a strange saying that Yang Guifei went to America. Wei Juxian, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province, claimed in his book China Discovered America that he had verified that Yang Guifei did not die in Mayi, but was taken to distant America.
There is also a saying that Yang Guifei fled to Japan, and there is a view in Japanese folk and academic circles: at that time, a maid was hanged in the linen post. General Chen cherishes the beauty of the imperial concubine and can't bear to kill her, so he conspired with Gao Lishi to replace her death with a maid. Under the escort of Chen's cronies, Yang Guifei fled south, set sail near Shanghai today, drifted to Kuchi, Japan, and spent the rest of her life in Japan.
As can be seen from the above, with the passage of time, the legend of Yang Guifei's death is more and more vivid, and of course it is farther and farther away from the historical facts. As a matter of fact, Yang Guifei will die in Mayi Post Station. According to the Biography of Gao Lishi, Yang Guifei died because of "sitting for a while". In other words, the soldiers of the Sixth Army hated Yang and implicated Yang Guifei. This is the point of view of Gao Dui. Because the biography was written according to his dictation, judging from the situation of the Mayiyi incident, Yang Guifei had to die. After the slaughter, the body was transported from the Buddhist temple to the post office and placed in the yard. Also call Chen He and other soldiers in to have a look. Yang Guifei did die in Mayi, and the old and new historical books such as The Book of the Tang Dynasty and As a Mirror are very clear, as are the miscellaneous notes of the Tang Dynasty such as Biography of Gao Lishi, Supplement to Tang Shi, Miscellaneous Notes of Ming Di and Deeds of An Lushan.
The folklore that Yang Guifei came back from the dead reflects people's sympathy and nostalgia for her. Soldiers of the "Sixth Army" demanded the execution of Yang Guifei on the grounds that "the curse is still there". If people insist on this view, then Yang Guifei will be regarded as a compliment, or a bad woman like da ji, and there can be no praise except the condemnation of the world. Even if she is the representative of stunning beauty in the world, or the representative of female beauty in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there will be no pity and forgiveness in people's potential consciousness. The whole problem is that Yang Guifei is not actually the source of the Anshi Rebellion. Gao Lishi once said that "the imperial concubine is sincere and innocent", which is not without one-sidedness, but there is no doubt that the imperial concubine is not the culprit. After the Anshi Rebellion, people began to reflect, sum up the historical experience of Tianbao Rebellion, and finally realized the truth of history. Folklore has its own fair judgment, and the praise and criticism of historical figures are often objective. Yang Guifei's death was not only her own fault, but also a victim. As a result, people fantasize that Yang Guifei, who is really dead, can be resurrected and have infinite memories.
Historical Secret: Did the stunning beauty Yang Guifei go to Japan?
Supermarket Institute (supermarket institute)
Yang Guifei is one of the four beauties in ancient China. Scholars and poets of all ages devoted themselves to describing her and Li Longji's court love life. However, there are different opinions about the cause of Yang Guifei's death, which is still a mystery.
There is a saying that Yang Guifei was hanged.
In June of the 15th year of Tang Tianbao (AD 756), the rebels in An Lushan pushed Chang 'an, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty rushed to Shu and passed through Mayi Post. The officers and men of the Sixth Army blamed the Yang family, angered and killed Yang, and forced Yang Guifei to hang herself and bury her body in front of the slope. This is the universal record of Historical Records, Canon. For example, Li Zhao, a native of the Tang Dynasty, said in the Supplement to National History: "Xuanzong was lucky in Shu. When he arrived at Mawei Post, he ordered Gao Lishi's imperial concubine to rest under the pear tree in front of the Buddhist temple, and Mawei Store received a cymbal. It is said that passers-by have to pay 100 yuan every time they borrow it, and they make a lot of profits before and after, making them extremely rich. There is no doubt that Yang Guifei died under a pear tree in a Buddhist temple in Mayi. While moving the corpse, a shoe on Yang Guifei's foot was lost, resulting in an old woman making a fortune. For this historical event, both Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu all say that Yang Guifei was hanged in Mawei Yi, which is similar to Li Zhao's above records. The historical data of Yang Guifei's flogging quoted in Sima Guang's "Learning from Your Own Experience" is more detailed: after the mutinous soldiers killed Yang, the soldiers of the Sixth Army who were riding the car still refused to move forward and personally ordered it, which was also invalid. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked Gao Lishi to ask Chen, commander-in-chief of the army, why? Chen said, "A loyal gentleman betrays a noble concubine, so you can't sacrifice it. May your majesty be merciful and correct the law. "."After hearing this, Bian Zong of Tang refused to give up what one favours at first, "leaning on his head and standing. For a long time, Jing Zhao Sluvi was preface, saying,' Now people are angry, it is difficult to commit crimes, and their safety is in jeopardy. May your majesty make a decision quickly! However, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty said, "The imperial concubine often lives in the deep palace, knowing the country is loyal and plotting evil?" At this time, even Gao Lishi was uncharacteristic and said to Xuanzong, "The imperial concubine is innocent, but the soldiers killed Guo Zhong, and the imperial concubine is by your side. How dare you be safe! May your majesty judge it and your majesty be safe. " Persuaded by Gao Lishi, Xuanzong "ordered Lux to lure the imperial concubine to the Buddhist temple and kill her". Only in this way can the officers and men of the Sixth Army "launch all plans" (Don Ji 34).
Almost all the historical records in the classics are the above records, and there are similar records in Chen's history and legends. In the winter of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Bai Juyi was appointed as the county magistrate, and his good friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhi also lived in the county. One day, they visited Xianyou Temple and talked about the love tragedy between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. They are very emotional. Wang suggested that Bai Juyi write poems on this topic. Bai Juyi wrote the well-known Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Chen Hong wrote The Biography of Eternal Sorrow. Chen Hong is a historian. When he wrote the paragraph in which Yang Guifei stayed at the Mayi post, he described it this way: After Yang arrived, the meaning of "left and right" was uncertain. If you ask me, those who dared to speak at that time, please use the imperial concubine to fill the world. It is inevitable to know it, but I can't bear to watch it die. I just hid my face so that I could turn around with it and die under the rulers' group. "
Yang Guifei died of linen post, and some famous Japanese scholars also hold this view. For example, famous contemporary Japanese writers. On the basis of collecting a large number of historical facts, sinologist Mr. Jing Shangjing wrote a biography of Yang Guifei with a delicate style of1.4000 words, describing the joys and sorrows of this legendary figure. With regard to the death of Yang Guifei, Mr. Jing Shangjing not only shared the views of Chinese scholars in previous dynasties, but also wrote about Yang Guifei's attitude before her death.
Another way of saying this is that Yang Guifei did not die in Maitie, but became a female Taoist. This statement already existed at that time. As recorded in Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Looking back at Yulong, the emperor clung to it and wouldn't leave without turning. The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? "It is said that Xuanzong returned to Chang 'an from Shu after the counter-insurgency, passing by the place where Yang Guifei hanged, hesitating and reluctant to leave, but her bones were no longer seen in the mud of Ma 'anpo. Later, he sent an alchemist to look for "the green void above and the yellow spring below, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in either place." Bai Juyi implies here that the imperial concubine is still alive, neither dead nor alive. Later, some scholars thought that according to Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, Yang Guifei was relegated to the "Jade Princess Taizhen Courtyard" (that is, the Tang Dynasty Taoist School for Women, which is essentially the same as a brothel, and now it has fallen. For Xuanzong, it is really "endless sorrow". Mr. Yu Pingbo insisted on this view from the articles "Eternal Regret" and "Doubt about Eternal Regret" published in Volume 20, No.2 of Novel Monthly in the late 1920s until after liberation.
The third theory is that Yang Guifei fled to Japan. 1936, a Japanese girl showed her family tree and other ancient documents to Japanese TV viewers on TV, and claimed that she was the descendant of Yang Guifei, which caused quite a stir (this matter was recorded in the Japanese magazine China edited by Takeuchi). There is a saying in Japan that the deceased was body double, and Yang Guifei herself fled from Otsu, Oil Valley Town, Otsu County, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. According to local legend, this is a maid who is thought to have been strangled. Chen, the commander in chief of the army, pitied the beautiful imperial concubine and couldn't bear to kill her, so he negotiated with Gao Lishi to replace her with a maid. Gao Lishi transported the dead body of the imperial concubine by car, and it was Chen who examined the dead body, so this scheme succeeded. The imperial concubine, escorted by Chen's cronies, fled south quickly and set sail near Shanghai today. After drifting at sea, I came to Kudo, Ikucho, Japan.
Japanese historian Shiro Bangguang said in the Collection of Japanese Historical Anecdotes that Yang Guifei was buried in the Second Palace of Yunjin after her death. Up to now, there is still a five-wheeled tower handed down as the tomb of Yang Guifei. There are also two statues of Sakyamuni and Amitabha in the second courtyard of Jin Jiu. Legend has it that Tang Xuanzong specially sent them to Japan to comfort Yang Guifei, and now they have been listed as key protected cultural relics in Japan.
In The Story of the Japanese from China (Cultural Translation Series No.5, 1984), it is recorded that "Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty put down the rebellion in the Anshi Rebellion and returned to Chang 'an. Because he missed Yang Guifei, he ordered the alchemist to go to sea to look for it. For a long time, he dedicated two statues of Xuanzong to her. The imperial concubine took the jade hairpin as a gift and ordered the alchemist to bring it back to Xuanzong. Although the news was exchanged, Yang Guifei failed to return to the motherland and died in Japan. "
It should be said that the historical data of Yang Guifei's murder in Ma Yi Tie is quite informative and recognized. However, the statement that Yang Guifei became a monk and fled to Japan is also well-founded and cannot be easily denied.