Architectural features of the Great Wall

The Great Wall in China is the greatest construction project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it became the Great Wall of Wan Li. Large-scale construction in hamming period. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

The Great Wall is located in the north of China, starting from Shanhaiguan in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of about 6,700 kilometers. It is commonly known as the Great Wall of Wan Li.

The construction of the Great Wall lasted for more than 2000 years. According to historical records, from the establishment of Fangcheng by Chu in the 7th century BC to the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall, of which the length of the Great Wall in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties exceeded 5,000 kilometers. If you add up the Great Wall built in different eras, the total length is more than 50,000 kilometers.

If we build a masonry earthwork wall with a thickness of 1 meter and a height of 5 meters for the Great Wall, this wall can circle the earth more than once.

The main project of the Great Wall is a tall wall stretching across Wan Li, most of which is built at the highest point of the mountain. The endless winding mountains are clearly outlined along the ridge, shaping a galloping and magnificent dragon and becoming a symbol of the Chinese nation. On the wall of Wan Licheng, there are hundreds of Xiongguan and Pass, thousands of watchtowers and beacon towers, which break the monotony of the wall and make the undulating terrain more majestic and steep, full of great artistic charm.

Among all the Great Wall landscapes, Badaling Great Wall in Beijing is particularly strong and well-preserved, and it is the best place to watch the Great Wall. In addition, there are Jinshanling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall and Gubeikou Great Wall. Tianjin Huangyaguan Great Wall, Hebei Shanhaiguan and Gansu Jiayuguan are also famous Great Wall tourist attractions.

The Great Wall in Wan Li, China, is the longest and largest national military defense project in the world. It embodies the sweat and wisdom of our ancestors and is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation.

According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall. The first is Chu, which began to build the Great Wall to defend the northern nomadic people or enemy countries. Subsequently, Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao,

Countries like Qin started to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose. After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang sent a famous soldier, Meng Tian, to explore the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Walls of various countries, stretching for more than 10,000 miles from Yao in the west to Liaodong in the east, hence the name "Wan Li Great Wall". But what we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall.

There are only relics left in Qin Changcheng. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with 300,000 people, which created a miracle in the history of human architecture. The construction of the Great Wall objectively played a positive role in preventing the Huns from invading the south and protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented: "Although the first emperor had no choice, the Great Wall made great contributions to later generations. In fact, Dayu managed water and so on."

The Han Dynasty continued to build the Great Wall. From Wendi to Xuan Di, from Dawaner Shicheng in the west to the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east, a 10,000-kilometer-long Great Wall was built. Half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Great Wall, which was the longest in history.

In the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall never stopped in order to prevent the invasion of Tatars and Waci people. From Hongwu to Wanli, after 20 large-scale constructions, from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west to Hushan in Liaodong in the east, a side wall of 6,350 kilometers was built. (But it is reported that in 1990, the pedometer of a China man who walked the whole Great Wall showed 6700 kilometers. )

The Great Wall has great tourism value and historical and cultural significance. Now, after careful development and restoration, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Badaling, Simatai, Mutianyu and Jiayuguan have become famous tourist attractions at home and abroad.

Looking into the distance, with the ancient bosom, the ancient battlefield seems to be just around the corner. Today, the Great Wall, together with the Egyptian pyramids, the Colosseum in Rome and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, is known as the seven wonders of the world. It is a monument of China's ancient culture and the crystallization of wisdom, symbolizing the blood and national spirit of the Chinese nation.

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New National Policy for Secondary Construction in 2020

Changes in the second national construction project include: 1 education. Anyone who abides by the law, has a technical secondary school degree or above in engineering or engineering economics, and has been engaged in the construction management of construction projects for 2 years can apply for ... 2. Professional qualification. ...

572020-05- 14

The features of the Great Wall building in Wan Li are as follows.

1, the Great Wall is not only a single wall, but a complete defense engineering system composed of various fortifications such as the wall, watchtower, Guancheng, Dunbao, Yingcheng, Wei Shuo and town beacon towers. This national defense engineering system is commanded and controlled by military command systems at all levels. 2. When the Great Wall of Wan Li was built, we summed up the important experience of "traffic jam due to dangerous terrain". After that, every dynasty built the Great Wall according to this principle, which became an important basis for military protection. All the passes in Guancheng are built between two high mountains and canyons, or at the bend of a river, or where they will pass through the plain, which can not only control the danger, but also save manpower and material resources, and achieve the effect of "one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it". 3. In terms of building materials and structures, many structural methods have been created based on the principle of "using local materials and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". There are rammed earth, rubble, masonry and other structures; In the desert, willow branches, reeds and sand grains are also used, and this section of the Great Wall of the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago is still preserved in Yumenguan, Yangguan, Xinjiang and other places in Gansu. [ 1]

Browse 69920 18-03-09.

What are the characteristics of the Great Wall building?

Architectural features of the Great Wall The Great Wall in China is the greatest architectural project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2,000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it was connected to the Great Wall of Wan Li. Large-scale construction in hamming period. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history. The Great Wall is located in the north of China, starting from Shanhaiguan in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of about 6,700 kilometers. It is commonly known as the Great Wall of Wan Li. The construction of the Great Wall lasted for more than 2000 years. According to historical records, from the establishment of Fangcheng by Chu in the 7th century BC to the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall, of which the length of the Great Wall in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties exceeded 5,000 kilometers. If you add up the Great Wall built in different eras, the total length is more than 50,000 kilometers. If we build a masonry earthwork wall with a thickness of 1 meter and a height of 5 meters for the Great Wall, this wall can circle the earth more than once. The main project of the Great Wall is a tall wall stretching across Wan Li, most of which is built at the highest point of the mountain. The endless winding mountains are clearly outlined along the ridge, shaping a galloping and magnificent dragon and becoming a symbol of the Chinese nation. On the wall of Wan Licheng, there are hundreds of Xiongguan and Pass, thousands of watchtowers and beacon towers, which break the monotony of the wall and make the undulating terrain more majestic and steep, full of great artistic charm. Among all the Great Wall landscapes, Badaling Great Wall in Beijing is particularly strong and well-preserved, and it is the best place to watch the Great Wall. In addition, there are Jinshanling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall and Gubeikou Great Wall. Tianjin Huangyaguan Great Wall, Hebei Shanhaiguan and Gansu Jiayuguan are also famous Great Wall tourist attractions. The Great Wall in Wan Li, China, is the longest and largest national military defense project in the world. It embodies the sweat and wisdom of our ancestors and is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation. According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall. The first is Chu, which began to build the Great Wall to defend the northern nomadic people or enemy countries. Later, countries such as Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao and Qin began to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose. After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang sent a famous soldier, Meng Tian, to explore the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Walls of various countries, stretching for more than 10,000 miles from Yao in the west to Liaodong in the east, hence the name "Wan Li Great Wall". But what we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall. There are only relics left in Qin Changcheng. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with 300,000 people, which created a miracle in the history of human architecture. The construction of the Great Wall objectively played a positive role in preventing the Huns from invading the south and protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented: "Although the first emperor had no choice, the Great Wall made great contributions to later generations. In fact, Dayu managed water and so on." The Han Dynasty continued to build the Great Wall. From Wendi to Xuan Di, from Dawaner Shicheng in the west to the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east, a 10,000-kilometer-long Great Wall was built. Half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Great Wall, which was the longest in history. In the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall never stopped in order to prevent the invasion of Tatars and Waci people. From Hongwu to Wanli, after 20 large-scale constructions, from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west to Hushan in Liaodong in the east, a side wall of 6,350 kilometers was built. (But it is reported that in 1990, the pedometer of a China man who walked the whole Great Wall showed 6700 kilometers. The Great Wall has great tourism value and historical and cultural significance. Now, after careful development and restoration, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Badaling, Simatai, Mutianyu and Jiayuguan have become famous tourist attractions at home and abroad. Looking into the distance, with the ancient bosom, the ancient battlefield seems to be just around the corner. Today, the Great Wall, together with the Egyptian pyramids, the Colosseum in Rome and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, is known as the seven wonders of the world. It is a monument of China's ancient culture and the crystallization of wisdom, symbolizing the blood and national spirit of the Chinese nation.

14 browse 2582017-12-16.

Architectural features of the Great Wall

Judging from the existing ruins of Laiwu and Taishan, the structure of the Great Wall of Qi can be divided into two types: earth and stone. Where the steep wall of Van Gogh Cliff is difficult to climb, the low stone wall with a width of about 2 meters is only made of stones, or the city is built without the help of mountains. Every time you meet a ravine, it is built with huge stones nearly 7 meters wide. Most of the stones are rubble, not processed into strips or squares, nor solidified with mortar, but the structure is very particular. Generally speaking, it is a combination of earth and stone. Its foundation is made up of rough-processed large and small stones with a width of 8 meters to 12 meters. Rammed soil is built on it, and the thickness of each layer is about 10 to 15 cm, which is uniform and clear, and the rammed nest is uniform and clear. The soil was once mixed with salt water. There are traces of rotten wood in some parts of the city wall. Maybe there is wood in the middle of the wall to increase tension and keep balance. The entire Qi Great Wall is steep in the south and slow in the north. A pile of rocks is placed on the north slope every 5 meters to 10 meters. The big one is like a millstone, and the small one is like a millstone. It was a rolling stone that defended the city against the enemy. In addition to the main wall, there are many building facilities on the wall of the Great Wall. (65438+ (2) crib mouth: build a 2-meter-high toothed crib mouth on the outside of the top of the wall facing the enemy for the combatants to observe the enemy situation and cover themselves when shooting at the enemy. Concrete construction: when the floor on the wall is built to the height of human chest and abdomen, the crib mouth is built again. The crib mouth is generally rectangular. There is a small square hole in the upper part of the crib, which is the observation hole. The bricks on the left and right sides of the lookout cave are splayed inside and outside, which is convenient for observing the enemy and is not easy to be shot by the enemy's arrows. There is a small square hole below, which is the perforation of the bow and arrow. The bottom of the perforation is inclined downward, which is convenient for shooting the enemy at the gate. In ancient times, there were three restrictions on the scope of perforation: the arrow shot from the upper limit of perforation can hit people's heart and head, which is called "winning the lottery"; The middle limit can hit the enemy's waist and abdomen, which is called "waist cutting"; The lower limit can hit the enemy's leg, which is called "nailing the foot". If the enemy is close to the city wall, the perforation will not work. Only by throwing stones, fireballs and tears can the enemy be organized to build ladders to attack the city. The width of the crib mouth is about 1.5 m to 1.6 m, which can generally cover the bodies of two people side by side. The height is about 2 meters, and the spacing between crenels shall not exceed one third of the width of crenels. It is worth noting that the cribs on both sides of the central axis of the city gate are symmetrically built. (3) Stone Mouth: The height and width of the inner mouth of the stone mouth are about 50 cm, and its masonry method is complicated. The lower half of the inner mouth is a square hole reserved for wall building, and the upper half is made of special-shaped bricks to form a voucher-shaped surface. The upper edge of its outer opening is covered with a stone-paved cover plate, and the inner side of the cover plate is chiseled with an arc notch, and the outer side protrudes from the wall surface, which becomes a layer of eaves for foreign currency in the stack wall. There is an arc groove chute on the cornice wall below the outer opening, and the chute is made of special-shaped brick, whether it is a stone wall or a brick wall. Although the length of the chute is not equal in different sections, it is about 85 cm to 2 m, but the upper part is deep and the lower part is shallow, and the transition is extremely smooth. (4) Stack wall: also known as "Luo", located outside the road, with a base thickness of 48 cm to 40 cm. The upper part of the crib wall is provided with a crib mouth, and the lower part is provided with a stone mouth, which is staggered with the crib mouth. There are also two cribs and one stone mouth. The stacking wall is made of plain gray brick walls, and both sides of the brick walls are laid along the transverse joints without bricking. Add a layer of prebaked coping brick to the wall top and crib mouth. The capping brick is expanded to be equal to the top width of the crib wall and made into the top of the slope. Few crib mouths use crib stone mouths. (5) Residual wall (parapet): On the inside of the top of the city wall, there is a low wall parallel to the pile, about one meter high, which is called residual wall, also called parapet, and acts as a railing. When building, it usually starts with a layer of face stone with the same width as the wall, and the parapet is built on the face stone. The width of the parapet is generally slightly narrower than that of the face stone. With solid wall masonry method, build by laying bricks or stones six or eight layers of bricks, and build by laying bricks or stones a layer of ridge bricks on the top surface. Ridge bricks are specially fired, and some of them are cut with mud knives during construction. (6) Unilateral wall: The so-called unilateral wall is the name of the local people. The difference between it and the ordinary city wall is that it is only a very thin wall. The unilateral wall is built in an area where the mountain is extremely dangerous, the ridge is high and thin, and no one or horse passes outside the side wall. There is a famous Simatai Great Wall near Beijing. Unilateral wall is a type of building that can only be guided by the situation. Most of them are built with untreated rough stone and plain ash as bonding materials. Because of the changeable terrain, the height of the unilateral wall is not uniform, which is about 2 to 3.5 meters. (7) Barrier: The word barrier is a conventional name in the works on the Great Wall in recent years, which refers to the clapboard built along the edge of the large terrace on the "ladder" road and colliding vertically with the crib wall. Its shape, height and practice are similar to those of a wall. It is condescending, facing the direction of the valley, and is set up to defend against enemy attacks that have entered the inside of the side wall. The most obvious example is Mutianyu Great Wall. On its side wall, the crib wall has been completely destroyed, but there are rolling stone ramps on its inner and outer walls, which shows that there are cribs on both sides. (8) Horse retaining wall (Rejecting Horse ditch): a low wall or trench built by the enemy within the range of cold weapons outside the Great Wall. The auxiliary fortifications to prevent enemy soldiers from approaching the city wall quickly were not actually designed to defend enemy cavalry. (9) Top surface of the city wall: The top surface is generally about five meters wide and can accommodate five horses and ten people in parallel. In order to prevent skidding, the pavement is paved with three or four layers of square bricks. The paving method is in the form of cross joint, and the masonry is built by pointing with lime, and the sealing is smooth. This objectively prevents weeds from growing on the damaged ground. In some areas, due to the steep terrain, the Great Wall can only be built according to the slope of the mountain. At this time, the top surface of the wall is made of stone or blue bricks, which is called a ladder, otherwise it is difficult for people to walk. Some stairs run along the ridge from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. (10) "Ma Dao": Next to the tower, there is generally an inclined passage near the inner eaves wall, which leads from the ground to the top of the city wall. It is a passage for people to go down the wall immediately, which is called "Ma Dao". The road is about five or six meters wide, and the inner side of the road is built with a fence of up and down one meter, which plays the role of a railing. Because the "road" is generally an inclined plane of 30 degrees up and down, in order to prevent slippery, the road surface will all be filled with blue bricks and built in a cross shape. Some of the city walls are high, and the horse path is also built in a two-step shape. At the entrance of the ground horse path, there is also a gatehouse. For example, there are spacious paths on the north side of Jiayuguan East and West Building. (1 1) Drainage ditch and downspouts: In order to drain the accumulated water at the top of the city wall in time, a drainage ditch will be built at regular intervals, and the rainwater will be discharged outside the foundation of the city wall through the drainage ditch on the inner eaves wall and the downspouts. Generally, the water nozzle extends out of the wall for about one meter, which well protects the wall foundation from long-term erosion and erosion by rain.

158 Browse 480720 18-07-22

Architectural features of the Great Wall (preferably concise, but clear)

The city wall is the main part of the city wall, with an average height of 7.8 meters. The wall body is the main part of defending the enemy, with a relatively wide total thickness, a foundation width of 6.5 meters and an average floor width of 5.8 meters on the wall, so as to ensure that the two wagons run in parallel. The wall is composed of an outer eave wall and an inner eave wall, filled with soil and gravel. The cornice wall refers to the side of the skin wall facing the city. There are obvious points when building, which are generally 125% of the wall height. The separation of the wall can increase the width of the lower part of the wall, enhance the stability of the wall, strengthen its defensive performance, and make the outer wall magnificent. The inner cornice wall refers to the inner side of the outer skin wall, which is generally constructed as a vertical wall without obvious points. As for the thickness of the outer cornice wall, it is generally based on the wall thickness at the "crib". The thickness here is generally one and a half bricks wide, and it gets thicker as it goes down. Bricklaying method is mainly flat masonry. If you feel verbose, you can simplify it as needed. Thank you~

20 browse 5 1

What are the architectural features of the Great Wall?

Architectural features of the Great Wall The Great Wall in China is the greatest architectural project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2,000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it was connected to the Great Wall of Wan Li. It was built on a large scale during the Han Dynasty. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history. The Great Wall is located in the north of China, starting from Shanhaiguan in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of about 6,700 kilometers. It is commonly known as the Great Wall of Wan Li. The construction of the Great Wall lasted for more than 2000 years. According to historical records, from the establishment of Fangcheng by Chu in the 7th century BC to the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall, of which the length of the Great Wall in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties exceeded 5,000 kilometers. If you add up the Great Wall built in different eras, the total length is more than 50,000 kilometers. If we build a masonry earthwork wall with a thickness of 1 meter and a height of 5 meters for the Great Wall, this wall can circle the earth more than once. The main project of the Great Wall is a tall wall stretching across Wan Li, most of which is built at the highest point of the mountain. The endless winding mountains are clearly outlined along the ridge, shaping a galloping and magnificent dragon and becoming a symbol of the Chinese nation. On the wall of Wan Licheng, there are hundreds of Xiongguan and Pass, thousands of watchtowers and beacon towers, which break the monotony of the wall and make the undulating terrain more majestic and steep, full of great artistic charm. Among all the Great Wall landscapes, Badaling Great Wall in Beijing is particularly strong and well-preserved, and it is the best place to watch the Great Wall. In addition, there are Jinshanling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall and Gubeikou Great Wall. Tianjin Huangyaguan Great Wall, Hebei Shanhaiguan and Gansu Jiayuguan are also famous Great Wall tourist attractions. The Great Wall in Wan Li, China, is the longest and largest national military defense project in the world. It embodies the sweat and wisdom of our ancestors and is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation. According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall. The first is Chu, which began to build the Great Wall to defend the northern nomadic people or enemy countries. Later, countries such as Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao and Qin began to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose. After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang sent a famous soldier, Meng Tian, to explore the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Walls of various countries, stretching for more than 10,000 miles from Yao in the west to Liaodong in the east, hence the name "Wan Li Great Wall". But what we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall. There are only relics left in Qin Changcheng. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with 300,000 people, which created a miracle in the history of human architecture. The construction of the Great Wall objectively played a positive role in preventing the Huns from invading the south and protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented: "Although the first emperor had no choice, the Great Wall made great contributions to later generations. In fact, Dayu managed water and so on." The Han Dynasty continued to build the Great Wall. From Wendi to Xuan Di, from Dawaner Shicheng in the west to the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east, a 10,000-kilometer-long Great Wall was built. Half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Great Wall, which was the longest in history. In the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall never stopped in order to prevent the invasion of Tatars and Waci people. From Hongwu to Wanli, after 20 large-scale constructions, from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west to Hushan in Liaodong in the east, a side wall of 6,350 kilometers was built. (But it is reported that in 1990, the pedometer of a China man who walked the whole Great Wall showed 6700 kilometers. The Great Wall has great tourism value and historical and cultural significance. Now, after careful development and restoration, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Badaling, Simatai, Mutianyu and Jiayuguan have become famous tourist attractions at home and abroad. Looking into the distance, with the ancient bosom, the ancient battlefield seems to be just around the corner. Today, the Great Wall, together with the Egyptian pyramids, the Colosseum in Rome and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, is known as the seven wonders of the world. It is a monument of China's ancient culture and the crystallization of wisdom, symbolizing the blood and national spirit of the Chinese nation.