Li Hong's Feng Shui in Yongzheng Period
As we all know, Yongzheng's throne was obtained through cruel struggle. Forcing his son Hong to death, of course, reflects his ruthlessness as an emperor. After all, tiger poison does not eat children. But under the historical conditions at that time, it was the best choice that Yongzheng could make. Redstone's heart is too cruel. Li Hong is no match for Redstone in intrigue and intrigue. Leaving him behind is the bane of the empire.
Redstone knows that it is the grandson that Grandpa Huang values and the object that Dad focuses on cultivating. In the future, this great position will be passed on to Li Hong. Earlier, he didn't take the office to heart.
Kangxi established a prince early, and the prince and his brothers had an infighting. Eldest brother cursed the prince by crushing victory and banned him for life. Eight brothers were brutally attacked because they wanted to be superior and made friends with court ministers. With the experience and lessons, Yongzheng did not set up a prince before his death. He wrote Chu Jun on the imperial edict in advance, sealed the imperial edict with a brocade box, and stored it in a fair plaque in Gan Qing Palace, which was announced by the confidant minister after his death. He thinks this is the best way to set up storage, which can be foolproof and avoid trouble!
The disadvantage of this method is that Yongzheng didn't consider too few sons! He grew up with only three elder brothers Redstone, four elder brothers Li Hong and five elder brothers Xiao Hong, unlike Kangxi, who had many children. As for the sons of three adults, we still have to ask May Li Hong to come forward and do something important in North Korea. In the long run, everyone knows who the successor is. Therefore, the seal imperial edict of the brocade box is a bit like breaking glass, which means that it is an act of stealing clocks. Did not receive very good results.
Xiao Hong is a clever prince who knows that his father is interested in Li Hong. In order to protect himself, he performed a farce of a living funeral, that is, he gave himself a funeral before he died. He declared himself dead, then sat on the coffin and watched his family cry and cry. This absurd practice took him away from the political center, and he lived to the end. It can be seen that this prince is not absurd, he is full of wisdom for survival.
Shi Hong, the third brother, didn't want to fight for the position at first, but he couldn't stand the instigation of the eight princes who failed to seize the office, and his ability to seize the office freely was indeed above that of Li Hong, so he gradually developed the idea of seizing the office. Eight report dark joy in my heart, he doesn't want to fail, this is not good. Eight report a heart-to-heart, let hong's vanity and ambition.
Under the planning of the Eight Sovereigns, Hong dared to reveal the examination questions, and even encouraged the sovereign of each flag to force the palace to be Yongzheng. What is even more incredible is that he even bought off his own brother Li Hong who wanted to commit suicide. Hongzhi committed suicide, and God won't let him live. Forced his father to kill his brother, which emperor can spare such a son? Finally, under the reminder of Li Jue, his confidant, Yongzheng forced Hong to die, leaving a stigma for himself, but clearing the way for Li Hong to succeed to the throne. As far as politicians are concerned, for the sake of the country, Yongzheng did this, and he can't be said to be too vicious. Remember: he is a politician first, then a father.
The TV series Yongzheng Dynasty interprets this history in this way. In real history, Yongzheng did not force Hongshi to death.
This question is very clever. The title says "forcing Shi Hong to die", which is very flexible. You can order the death in person, or you can let Shihong lose hope of living through various means. Below, I will analyze the cause of death of Hongshi and say whether Yongzheng is really vicious.
Yong Zhengdi's statement that he gave up his death to Hongshi first appeared in the book Four Books of Qing Dynasty written by Tang Bangzhi, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. This book records that Hong was angered by Yong Zhengdi's connivance, and finally his ancestral home was deleted and put to death on the sixth day of August in the fifth year of Yongzheng. It was not until Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne that his ancestral home was restored. (Note: Clan is the identity of clan. His views were also recognized by some literary historians at that time and later. Later, most people who held the view that "Yongzheng granted the death of Hong" were also based on the records of the four books and five classics in the Qing Dynasty, and even this was the only evidence.
However, it is Er Yuehe's historical novel Yong Zhengdi and the TV series Yongzheng Dynasty adapted from it that really carries this view forward and even takes root in people's hearts. In novels and TV series, Hongshi was sentenced to death by Yong Zhengdi, who knew the truth, because he colluded with Mei and murdered his brother Li Hong. Because novels and TV plays are so wonderful and fascinating, many people regard the plot as real history. The stabbing of Redstone by Yongzheng has become a common sense in everyone's mind.
Compared with Yongzheng's death theory, the view that Hong died of depression is more reliable and reasonable. Although the record of Hong's family in the Qing draft is only a sentence of "the emperor Yongzheng indulged Hong's family for five years, and the imperial clan recorded it without a seal", the record of Yongzheng did not mention Hong's family at all, as if Hong's family had gone up in smoke. But we can still get the truth from some clues in other places.
At the beginning of his reign, Emperor Qianlong once issued an edict: "In the past, the three younger brothers were young and ignorant, indulgent and disorderly. The emperor's court severely punished him for teaching my brothers and others to learn from them. Today, the third brother has passed away for many years, and I think the friendship of brothers should be included in the genealogy. In the affairs of the prime minister, the king plays his own discretion. " Emperor Qianlong's words are similar to those recorded in the Draft of Qing History, without specifying how Hongshi "indulged himself". However, in the memorial of Zhuang Yunlu and others on restoring Hong's genealogy, Yongzheng's treatment of Hong was quoted, which is not recorded in the Record of Qianlong, which can understand the truth of the matter and is also a powerful historical proof of Hong's death.
According to Zhuang's mourning, we can learn the following points:
Redstone's conviction is related to May's permission; Before February 18th, the 4th year of Yongzheng (1726), Yong Zhengdi had driven Hongshi out of the palace, and given her a wandering son. According to the method of dealing with Yu Yun, Hong's ancestral records were also deleted shortly after this; When Hongzhi left the palace, he was entrusted to twelve elder brothers for safekeeping. Therefore, in the fourth year of Yongzheng, Hongshi had been severely punished by Yongzheng. Of course, compared with Yunyou, Yunyou and Yunyou's son Wang Hong, Hongshi's treatment is "kind".
Such a Hong family has completely died politically, and his personal freedom has also been restricted, which poses no threat to Yongzheng and Li Hongzhou who succeeded him. Therefore, there is no need for Yong Zhengdi to further grant the death penalty to his actual eldest son on the sixth day of August in Yongzheng five years, thus leaving the infamy of killing children. Of course, the death of Redstone can't be separated from these treatments of Yongzheng, so it can also be regarded as "forcing death" of Redstone by Yongzheng, but more importantly, Redstone himself doesn't want to live.
As the eldest son of the emperor and the first heir in name (Yongzheng has no immediate son), Hongshi lost his imperial clan status, son status and even freedom. Over the past year or so, it is obvious that Redstone's heart has been troubled, so the biggest possibility of his death is that Redstone himself has lost hope of living. He didn't want to see Li Hong become emperor, so he finally became depressed.
We can look at Yongzheng's practice in this matter from two angles.
From the perspective of a father, Yongzheng was really cruel to his son. The so-called tiger poison does not eat the child. Yongzheng's series of practices, although not directly killing Hongshi, drove him to a dead end, which is not very different from killing Hongshi.
From the perspective of a politician and emperor, Yongzheng's practice is actually "kind". Many emperors killed their sons in history. Hong turned to Yun Yun, his father's biggest political enemy, because he knew that Yongzheng intended to pass the throne to Li Hong. This is actually "against the king and the father", and such a crime is reasonable even if it is killed. However, Yongzheng still relented and saved Hong's life. In fact, Yongzheng didn't kill any brothers who took office, but the punishment was different.
If you look at Yongzheng from a modern perspective, you may think he is vicious, but please don't ignore Yongzheng's status as his emperor. He may be suspicious and mean, but in terms of cruelty, Yongzheng is really not among the emperors.
Yongzheng forced his son Hong to death, which is the plot in the TV series Yongzheng Dynasty. In real history, whether there is such a thing is still uncertain and a mystery.
Why did Yongzheng force Hongshi to death in TV series? In fact, Yongzheng had already given the answer when he forced Hirohito to death.
Before he died, Kangxi passed the throne to Yongzheng, asking him to be kind to his younger brother. Yongzheng had to promise Kangxi's request. However, this move has brought great constraints to Yongzheng's administration. The Eight Ye Party always made trouble for Yongzheng. They all opposed Yongzheng's reform, and it was difficult for Yongzheng to make trouble. They even teamed up with flag owners Wang Ye and Longkodo to stage a forced palace drama, which almost drove Yongzheng to abdicate. Fortunately, the thirteenth master took the bus in time and saved the day.
Yongzheng was badly hurt by his brothers, and naturally he didn't want to see his successor Li Hong suffer the same experience as himself. Who is Redstone? He is full of bad things, a cruel man with no moral bottom line. Even the Eighth Master said that Redstone was much more vicious than himself, and he encouraged Redstone to fight Li Hong. Yongzheng understood that if the Redstone was left behind, Li Hong was likely to be burned to death by Redstone after his death, which was not good for Jiangshan. So Yongzheng decided to solve Redstone first, and there would be no infighting in the future.
Yongzheng's move is also for the sake of the country. I really can't help it. It's all because Redstone can't find its own position. If he is as ignorant as Hongzhi, how did he end up like this?
The most ruthless emperor's house.
During the "Yongzheng Dynasty", the third son of Emperor Hongshi sent someone to assassinate Li Hong, who was appointed to the throne, in order to seek the throne. After learning about this, coupled with all kinds of bad behaviors before, Yong Zhengdi was extremely disappointed with this son, so he decided to clear the way for Li Hong and forced Hongshi to commit suicide. So, historically, did Yong Zhengdi really kill his son Redstone?
Hong is the third son of Yong Zhengdi and the half-brother of Emperor Qianlong. Li, the biological mother, is very popular with Yongzheng. When Yongzheng was in his hiding place, Li's identity was the side Fujin of Prince Yong. It is recorded in the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty that in the five years of Yongzheng, he indulged himself and cut down his genealogy. "Indulgence" and "carelessness", that is to say, Redstone's behavior is illegal. So, what did Redstone do?
According to historical records, Hongshi was adopted by the emperor as early as the fourth year of Yongzheng, and gave it to his opponent, Mei Yin, as his son. The reason is nothing more than that Redstone and Yunyou are close, and Yongzheng also feels that this son has a shadow of Yin. Soon after, Yin Gui, Yin Gui and others were removed from the imperial clan records by Yongzheng, and Yin Gui was imprisoned in the imperial clan mansion. A month later, Yongzheng renamed the two brothers, namely "Aquinas" and "Seth Black". Yin died in error that year, and people thought he was poisoned by Yong Zhengdi. Because Redstone had been adopted by Yin Zuo before, it was suppressed by Yongzheng and its ancestral home was cut off. But Yongzheng didn't kill this son. He is more likely to die of depression.
Yongzheng was also extremely disappointed with Redstone. He once instructed in the minister's memorial: "I still have brothers who are traitors, such as Aquinas and Seth Black. Not only brothers, but also parents and children find it difficult to know their thoughts and actions. " This "parent-child" refers to the red stone. Yongzheng didn't kill Hong's family. There is also a great evidence that Yongzheng stripped his ancestral home and handed him over to his twelfth brother for safekeeping. This is in stark contrast to the situation that Yin's son Wang Hong was exiled to Jehol.
Therefore, the contradiction between Yongzheng and Lao Ba, as well as the struggle for the position of the new monarch, prompted Yong Zhengdi to cruelly suppress Redstone regardless of his father and son, and Redstone became a victim of the royal family.
Just watching the TV series "Yongzheng Dynasty", Yongzheng forced his eldest son, Hong, to death, because Hong is a ruthless person who has no bottom line by any means. In order to compete for the throne, he colluded with the old Bayi Party and even sent someone to murder his younger brother Li Hong (Emperor Qianlong). Redstone's death was purely self-inflicted. As an emperor, Yongzheng has no cruel means to vicious people, not only because the country is hard to protect, but even because his life is hard to protect. Yongzheng can get rid of eight elder brothers and nine elder brothers and Nian Gengyao Longkeduo, but it's not bad for the second brother who died in the forbidden circle, the abandoned prince. Few abandoned princes in past dynasties can die of natural causes. It can be seen that Yongzheng is not a cruel and bottomless person.
Yongzheng forced his son Hongshi to death. There are two angles to look at this problem. One is that from a purely historical perspective, evidence is needed to prove it. It can be said that the academic community has not yet reached a conclusion for the simple reason that there is no conclusive historical data to support it. In addition, from the point of view of romance, because the relevant factual records and historical records have been deleted, people will naturally think that there is something inside-otherwise, how can it be unclear? It's natural to think so.
Let's see how this statement came about.
1923, Tang Bangzhi, a former Qing history librarian, published a book "Four Classics of the Royal Family in Qing Dynasty", which for the first time put forward the view that Yongzheng killed his son: "The third son of the Emperor ...... was young and indulgent, acted disrespectfully, broke his sect and died at the age of 24."
This statement was supported by Meng Sen, an expert in Qing history. Mr. Meng Sen further believed that Hong's death was due to his dissatisfaction with the way Yongzheng treated his brothers, that is, his uncles. Not only Hongshi, but also Yongzheng's children were not satisfied, but Hongshi's children were not careful in speaking, and their stomachs were full of ideas, so the words came out to show this meaning, so he was out of luck. As for Ganlong, he has ideas in his heart, but he knows what to say and what not to say.
Later, Mr. Jin found a passbook on September 6, Yongzheng five years, in which a company commander asked for punishment because his brother was involved in the case. On this passbook, there is a section of Zhu Pi of Yongzheng: "I have several brothers who are traitors, such as Aquinas and Seth Black. It is difficult for not only brothers, parents and children to know their tricks. " Mr. Jin thinks this is equivalent to Yongzheng telling the truth. Put this together with the death of Hong's family, there should be no doubt that Yongzheng killed the child.
Later, Yang Zhen wrote an article and made a detailed analysis on this issue. He thinks that Yongzheng didn't like Redstone, which is supported by many historical materials. Undoubtedly, most people agree with Meng Sen that the reason why Hong Shi and his son finally got into trouble is that he stood on the opposite side of Yongzheng many times in political struggles and supported his political opponents. This is due to his personality-"likes and dislikes are clear, and he likes to be opinionated when things happen, and he is straightforward and frank, and will not hide his inner thoughts."
But beyond that, Yang Zhen believes that, after all, it is a father and son. Yongzheng didn't like Redstone at first, but he was not rude. For example, at the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, he personally chose a teacher for Hongshi. After he completely hated Hongshi, there was also a process of punishing him. First of all, let Redstone play Yun Si's son, so as to announce the end of the love between father and son. However, because Hong was not afraid after being attacked, he continued to support Yongzheng's political opponents in the political struggle, so the punishment for Hong was upgraded, the yellow belt was removed, and the imperial clan jade butterfly was removed.
But even at this point, Yongzheng was still treated differently. For example, Yun Si's son was imprisoned for a long time, while Hongshi was "restricted and supported" by another uncle.
Therefore, Yang Zhen thought that Yongzheng didn't kill Hong, and his punishment was limited to being ordered as the son of Yun Si, and his clan was cut off. Hongshi died because he suppressed resentment for a long time under the impact.
Yang Zhen also explained the deletion of historical materials, arguing that Hongshi was severely punished by Yongzheng because he stood on the side of his political enemies and turned against his own father. But this kind of thing happened in the emperor's house, after all, it is very disgraceful.
The above is a summary of academic viewpoints. Let me talk about my opinion.
I think it's hard to say whether Yongzheng forced Hong or Hong deserved it. No matter from that angle, Yongzheng's treatment of Redstone is inevitable. As a father, his son is not on his side. Right or wrong, my father always feels betrayed. Moreover, for the feudal dynasty, there was more competition for interests and power than for truth. Redstone was dissatisfied with his father's methods, but Yongzheng was hard to say. The influence on Yongzheng and his family may be even greater. More importantly, the emperor considered the stability of his own power and the stability of his ancestors. Any threat will be removed by thunder. Such examples are common in history books, so I don't need to repeat them.
Finally, talk about Redstone. It is hard to say whether Hongshi opposed his father simply because he was dissatisfied with Yongzheng's means, or because he fell out of favor with Yongzheng and felt hopeless. But I think "Young Indulgence" is good.
I think Yongzheng forced his son Hong to death for several reasons.
First, under the influence of seizing the office before, Yongzheng has always adopted a tolerant policy towards his brothers since he took office. However, when the eight lords discussed politics and contacted their subordinate ministers to stop Tan Ding from entering Mu, it had already affected the better development of the Qing Dynasty. In order to reduce the resistance after Li Hong came to power, Yong Zhengdi could not force his son Hong to death!
Second: Hong was aggressive and assassinated Hong privately, making Yongzheng determined to deal with Hong!
Third: Li Hong can be said to be Kangxi's default successor, with a higher score than Hong's. Yongzheng succeeded Li Hong, and Li Hong was more in line with Yongzheng's expectation. In order to reduce the development resistance after Li Hong succeeded to the throne, Hong was forced to die!
From the perspective of human nature, Yongzheng forced his son to death, which can be said to be very vicious. But as the saying goes, people who want to achieve great things must be more difficult than ordinary people. Especially for an emperor, if his heart is not hard, it is estimated that it is difficult to sit still.
So why on earth did Yongzheng brutally execute his own son?
1. Consolidate the needs of the country.
In the late Kangxi period, when choosing the heir to the throne, Li Hong (Qianlong) and Hong's family were mainly considered. But Yongzheng prefers Li Hong, which can be seen from the fact that Yongzheng succeeded to the throne and made Li Hong a prince. However, Hongshi is older than Li Hong. He was dissatisfied with Yongzheng's passing on the throne to Li Hong, so he deliberately tried to overthrow Li Hong and even planned to assassinate him. All this, in fact, Yongzheng saw in his eyes. As the winner of "Nine sons seize the office", Yongzheng deeply realized the threat of cannibalism to the country. In order to make Li Hong firmly ascend to the throne, Yongzheng had to sacrifice Hong.
2. Hongshi is more in favor of Yongzheng's ethnic policy.
During the Yongzheng period, bureaucracy was chaotic and politics was not good. Yongzheng inherited Kangxi's legacy, rectified official administration and carried out political reform. But it also encountered a lot of resistance. Li Hong supported Yongzheng's reform policy from beginning to end, but Hongshi said nothing. This made Yongzheng think that only Li Hong could inherit his own throne and continue to carry out his own policies. Therefore, we must sacrifice Hongshi to prevent other forces opposed to reform from supporting Hongshi and hindering his own reform.
Hongshi is too close to Yongzheng's younger brother Huangbazi.
Eight emperors have always been a great threat to Yongzheng's imperial power, and Yongzheng has always regarded them as a thorn in the side and a thorn in the flesh. In order to win the crown prince's position, Hongshi got closer and closer to Emperor Hachiko, which made Yongzheng very unhappy. Yongzheng even said that Hong wanted to recognize Hachiko as his father. This is also one reason why Yongzheng got rid of Redstone.
History has always been shrouded in mystery. Perhaps there are more unknown reasons why Yongzheng forced his son to die.
The specific cause of death of Hongshi is not clearly recorded in the history books, but the death of Hongshi is inseparable from his father.
Although Yongzheng did not directly kill Hong, Hong was forced to death by Yongzheng step by step.
In the royal family, there is hatred between father and son, and brothers kill each other, mostly related to power.
Hong is the third son and eldest son of Yongzheng, because the two brothers in front of Hong died young.
According to the eldest son inheritance system in ancient China, the throne must belong to Hongshi. But Hongshi is not qualified to run for emperor because he has a younger brother that everyone likes. His younger brother was the later Emperor Qianlong.
In fact, the identity of Emperor Qianlong's mother is very humble. Considering all kinds of factors, the emperor should be Hong.
But he just doesn't have the qualification.
So Redstone is not convinced at this time. If he is not convinced, he will find another job. If he finds anything, Yongzheng's father will hit you.
This injustice of Yongzheng made Hong hate his father's guts, and the performance of this hatred was his duty to Yongzheng.
Yongzheng's coming to power is controversial. He fought side by side with his brothers and killed his own flesh and blood at will.
This is cruel to Redstone. Redstone denounced his father's mistakes. So Yongzheng also began to hate his son.
What makes Yongzheng even more angry is that Hongshi has a very close relationship with his eighth uncle Yin Gui, who is the most annoying person in Yongzheng. At this time, Yongzheng thought of a more unique way to deal with his son Hongshi, and adopted Hongshi to Yingui in May.
This makes Hongshi even more depressed, because this trick is to tell Hiro that you are not good to Yin Gui, just be his son. Later, Yongzheng cut off his son's ancestral home, and Hong, who had no ancestral home, died soon.
Historians are secretive about the power struggle of the ancient royal family, especially when it comes to the relationship between the emperor and his father and son. Therefore, the cause of death of Hongshi is not specifically recorded, but it is inseparable from Yongzheng.
From the third year of Yongzheng to the sixth year of Yongzheng, at the end of these three or four years, many jails appeared in Yong Zhengdi, such as Nian Gengyao, Longkeduo, Al Asun, Erdene, Sunu, Wu Erzhan, Yun Si, Yunchen and so on. Many princes and ministers were imprisoned or killed, so Hong died.
Later, after Gan Long prepared to take back the genealogy of his third brother Hong, ministers began to report to Gan Long about Hong. In the report, I quoted an imperial edict that was not recorded in Yong Zhengdi's records: "Hongshi was never allowed to stay in the palace, so he was the son of Yun Si." This means that Yongzheng forced Hongshi to be the son of Yun Si. Then, he dealt a cruel blow to Yun Si, so in this ruthless "political liquidation", Redstone suffered a big loss and was removed from the position of Prince. Finally, Redstone died of depression.
In fact, in the first year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng secretly appointed Li Hong as his successor and asked him to worship Jingling. As the eldest son, Hong's biological mother status is much higher than Li Hong's, but he has no chance to become an heir, which makes him resentful of Yongzheng. So later, Liu Hongshi criticized his father Yongzheng for his improper position.
In the third year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng named Hong as the son of Yunyou, and said that they broke off the father-son relationship.
In the fourth year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng moved the cloud out of Yushu; Then he was ordered to take off the yellow belt of Redstone and was banned for a long time. Soon after, Hongshi died of depression at a young age. He died in the fifth year of Yongzheng at the age of 24.