Geographical characteristics of Qinling Mountains
Qinling Mountains [1] runs through the central part of China, with a length of 1500 km from east to west, a width of 100 to 1500 km from north to south, and an altitude of1500 to 2500 meters. Qinling Mountain is an important watershed between the Yellow River system and the Yangtze River system, with fertile Guanzhong Plain in the north and narrow Hanshui Valley in the south. This is a folded (main) fault-block mountain. [2] Taibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains, is 3,767 meters above sea level, which is one of the few peaks in eastern China that exceeds 3,000 meters. The top of the mountain has a cold climate and is often covered with snow. Silver peaks can be seen hundreds of miles away when the weather is clear. There are traces of ancient glaciers on the top of the mountain. The northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is adjacent to the Weihe Plain, and there is a big fault between them, which is a fault block structure with a north dip and a south dip. The main ridge is located on the north side, the north slope is steep and short, and the south slope is slow and long. The water system is also asymmetrical. There are many valleys in the mountain, which is a north-south traffic tunnel. Baoji-chengdu railway passes through the mountains in the Jialing River basin. Qinling Mountain has obvious blocking effect on airflow operation. Summer makes it difficult for humid marine air to penetrate into the northwest, making the climate in the north dry; In winter, the cold wave is prevented from invading southward, which makes Hanzhong basin and Sichuan basin less affected by cold air. Therefore, Qinling Mountain becomes the dividing line between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone. The rivers south of Qinling Mountains are not frozen, the vegetation is mainly evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the soil is acidic. To the north of Qinling Mountains is the famous Loess Plateau. The average temperature in 65438+ 10 is below 0℃, the rivers are frozen, the plants are mainly deciduous broad-leaved trees, and the soil is rich in calcium. The Qinling Mountains and Bailong River basins still preserve continuous forests and precious animals and plants. Foping is one of the producing areas of giant pandas. Walnut in Shangluo area and Angelica sinensis in Minxian county are famous for their high yield and high quality. The highest peak in Qinling Mountains: Dieshan (48 1 1m).
The first line of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains is 0℃ isotherm, 1 monthly temperature 1,1.
2. Isograms of daily average temperature ≥ 10℃ and accumulated temperature ≥ 4,500℃
3. The dividing line between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone
2. Precipitation 4. Annual precipitation of 800 mm and other precipitation lines.
5, the dividing line between humid and semi-humid areas
3. Climate 6. The dividing line between subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate
Four. Agriculture. The dividing line between dryland agriculture and rice agriculture
8. The dividing line between rice production and wheat production
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Vegetation 9. The dividing line between evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest
6. River 10. The river north of the line has a large flow, small water level change and ice age.
The river flow south of the line is small, the water level changes greatly, and there is no ice age.
1 1, Qinling (and Bayan Kara) is also the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
7. Terrain 12. The terrain north of the line is complete, mainly composed of large plateaus and plains. The terrain south of the line is broken, mainly basins and hills.
Eight. Area 13. The dividing line between north and south of China
14, the dividing line between Central China and North China