What places does Jiangnan refer to?
Also known as wuyue, Jiangdong and Jiangzuo. Jiangnan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with ancient capitals such as Hangzhou and Nanjing, as well as historical and cultural cities such as Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Wuxi and Huizhou. It has long been the largest urban agglomeration and economic center in East Asia and even the world, and has sheltered Chinese civilization several times.
Jiangnan, as a geographical concept, echoes Guanzhong and Heluo, which is of great significance to the historical development of China and East Asia.
In the pre-Qin period, there was already a saying of Jiangnan in history books. "Wu Yue Chun Qiu": "Zhou Yuanwang sent someone to Gou Jian and ordered him to go to Jiangnan".
Chapter 9 of Erya Dish wrote: "Jiangnan is called Yangzhou." Jiangnan belongs to Yangzhou in ancient books before Qin and Han Dynasties.
In different historical periods, the literary image of Jiangnan is different. Jiangnan first appeared in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where the vassal states of wuyue were located, that is, some areas south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southeastern Anhui and northeastern Jiangxi.
Often); Jiangnan West Road includes Yuanzhou (Yichun), Jizhou (Ji 'an), Jiangzhou (Jiujiang) and Qianzhou (Ganzhou).
Since the Yuan Dynasty, the word "Jiangnan" has also been used for administrative divisions in official geographical records. In the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Keli was promoted to Suzhou official. When evaluating his political achievements, historians called it "Festival Yuan Huan Gong Xiang Xing" by Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty: "The divine monarch has achieved the reputation of wealth, and (Yuan Keli) is the crown of the south of the Yangtze River!"
In the early Qing Dynasty, jiangnan province was the general name of Jiangsu and Anhui, and the Governor of Liangjiang referred to jiangnan province and Jiangxi, but the "Little Jiangnan" in the cultural sense more and more clearly referred to the traditional Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.
On behalf of this city
Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Yangzhou, Nantong, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Maanshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing, Jiujiang, Shangrao and Jingdezhen.
Extended data:
Cultural Jiangnan
Cultural Jiangnan is an important concept of Jiangnan. In regional culture, Jiangnan culture is often highly related to Wuyue culture.
Meili, the ancient capital of Wu, built by Taber, is considered to be the source of Wu culture in Jiangnan (Wuxi). The earliest capital was established in Meicun area of Wuxi, and moved to Gusu City (now Suzhou) in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, Wu culture blended with Yue culture and Chu culture. Jinling (Nanjing), the capital of Dongwu at the end of Han Dynasty, covered the vast areas of Wu, Chu and Yue. During the Southern Dynasties, Chinese culture flourished and Jiangnan culture became famous.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties (Song, Qi, Liang and Chen), Jiankang (Nanjing) language, based on the ancient Wu dialect, became the source of Chinese in China, and spread eastward to Japan as Wuyin. Jiangnan culture is also changing. For example, Suzhou is also called Wudu, Jianye (Nanjing) is the capital of Soochow, and Jinling (Nanjing) is also called Jason Wu. Later, the Wu Yang regime still regarded Nanjing as its capital.
Jiangnan architecture
Jiangnan garden is a natural landscape garden which mainly opens ponds to build mountains, and flourished in Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Huzhou, Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou and other places are the main places, among which Suzhou and Yangzhou are the most representative, with the reputation of "Hangzhou is better than lakes and mountains, Suzhou is better than cities, and Yangzhou is better than gardens", and Suzhou is the most completely preserved private garden today. ? Huizhou architecture is a far-reaching architectural style in Huizhou area.
topography
Compared with the north, the most obvious features of the terrain in the south of the Yangtze River are hills, plains and waters. Jiangnan is located in the hilly plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. Its northern part is flat, mainly plains and hills, while some mountains are distributed in the south. In addition to abundant precipitation, there are two major water systems in the south of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River, which are connected by canals.
There are many rivers and lakes in the south of the Yangtze River. There are three famous freshwater lakes in China, namely Poyang Lake in Jiangxi, Dongting Lake in Hunan and Taihu Lake in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In the long-term development process, a large number of water conservancy projects have been built to connect them, such as Wu Zixu Kaixuxi, Fucha Ditch and Jiangnan Canal. Therefore, it has always enjoyed the reputation of "Water Town Zeguo".
The physical geography of the south of the Yangtze River formed under such climate and topography is significantly different from that of the north.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Jiangnan