Henghe's biography.
Zhang Heng is one of the representatives of Huntian theory in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty. He pointed out that the moon itself does not shine, and moonlight is actually a reflection of the sun's light; He also correctly explained the cause of the solar eclipse and realized the infinity of the universe and the relationship between the speed of planetary motion and the distance from the earth.
Zhang Heng observed and recorded 2,500 stars, created the world's first leaky ball that can accurately perform astronomical phenomena, the first instrument to test earthquakes-the waiting wind seismograph, and also made a South Locomotive, an automatic drum car, a wooden bird flying to Wan Li and so on.
Zhang Heng * * * is the author of 32 scientific, philosophical and literary works, among which astronomical works include Ling Xian and Ling Xian Tu.
In order to commemorate Zhang Heng's achievements, people named the crater on the back of the moon as "Zhang Heng Crater" and the asteroid 1802 as "Zhang Heng Asteroid".
Guo Moruo, a famous writer and historian in China in the 20th century, commented on Zhang Heng: "Such an all-round development figure is rare in world history, and it has been admirable for thousands of years."
Later people called Zhang Heng a wooden saint. Zhang Hengzi Hirako. Nanyang County (now Nanyang, Henan Province) is a native of Xi 'e County. Born in the third year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 78); Yonghe died in the fourth year (AD 139). Astronomy, mechanical technology, seismology.
Zhang Heng was born in a famous family. His grandfather, Zhang Kan, was called a holy boy since childhood, and once gave his nephew a family heirloom worth millions. After Emperor Guangwu acceded to the throne, he recommended Zhang Kan to worship the official. Gongsun Shu used to be the prefect of Shu County, and together with Fu Han, he crusaded against Shu County and made great contributions. Later, he led the troops to crusade against the Huns and worshipped Yuyang (now near Beijing) as the satrap. Thousands of cavalry used to break the Huns' attack. Since then, during his tenure, the Huns have never dared to intrude. He also taught the people to farm and cultivated 8000 hectares of rice fields, which made the people rich. Therefore, some folk songs praised him, saying that "Junwei Zhang politics was overjoyed" and Zhang Kan was an honest official. When attacking Shu, he was the first to attack Chengdu, but he got nothing from the mountains of treasures left by Gongsun Shu. Shu County is known as Tianfu, but when Zhang Kan was transferred from the magistrate of Shu County, he took an old car with only a roll of cloth and a quilt.
Like his grandfather, Zhang Heng studied hard since childhood and was very literary. /kloc-left home to study abroad after 0/6. He first went to the then academic and cultural center Sanfu (now Xi, Shaanxi). The magnificent mountains and rivers in this area and the magnificent ruins of the ancient capital of Qin and Han dynasties provided him with rich literary creation materials. Later, he went to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There, he went to imperial academy, the highest institution of learning at that time, met Cui Yuan, a young scholar, and became close friends with him. Cui Yuan was a student of Jia Kui, a scholar and astronomer at that time. He was also proficient in astronomy, calendar and mathematics. In the 12th year of Yongyuan (A.D. 100), Zhang Heng was asked by Baode, the magistrate of Nanyang, to be the master book, in charge of clerical work. Eight years later, Baode was transferred to the capital and Zhang Heng resigned to live at home. During his stay in Nanyang, he devoted himself to astronomy, Yin and Yang, calendar calculation, etc., and repeatedly studied Xuan Jing by Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty. His fame in these aspects attracted the attention of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongchuan (A.D.11), Zhang Heng was called to Beijing and became a doctor.
In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1 14), the merchants moved. The following year, I moved to Taishi Order. Later, he was transferred to other posts, but five years later, he was reinstated as Taishiling. In short, he held this position for 14 years, and many important scientific research work of Zhang Heng was completed during this period. In the second year of Yangjia in Shun Di (AD 133), he was promoted to assistant middle school. However, he was soon slandered by eunuchs. In the first year of Yu Yonghe (A.D. 136), he was transferred to Beijing as the photograph of Hejian Wang Liu Zheng. Liu is an arrogant and extravagant person who does not abide by the central code. Many local strongmen violate the law with him. After Zhang Heng took office, he was strict in law and discipline and cracked down on the strongmen, which made everyone respect him. Three years later, he asked Shun Di to retire, but the court made him an official. This is a bit strange, because the official rank of Shangshu is much lower than that of Shi Zhong or Xiang, and it is not clear in history whether he applied or not. This year (Yonghe four years, that is, AD 139), he died.
Zhang Heng is a versatile scientist. His achievements involve astronomy, seismology, mechanical technology, mathematics, literature and art and many other fields.
At the end of the Warring States period, Liang was the guest of Zhao Gongzi, Ping Yuanjun and Zhao Sheng, and lived in Ping Yuanjun for three years without showing his talent. But in 257 BC, the ninth year of Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao's reign, he recommended himself as the ambassador of Chu, which promoted the unification of Chu and Zhao, and won the reputation of "a glib tongue is better than a million teachers".
Ask for help and say that Chu is harmonious.
In 260 BC, the prince of Zhao was deceived by Qin, and Zhao Kuo, an armchair strategist, took the place of Lian Po to guard Changping, leaving Zhao Si's 100,000 troops trapped in Changping. In the end, all of them were killed by Qin leitian, and the elite was lost. The following year, Qin attacked Handan, the capital of Zhao. Handan shook, and Zhao Wang called Ping Yuanjun to discuss the strategy of retreating the enemy and saving the country. Ping Yuanjun said, "For today's sake, we can only turn to the governors for help. Wei and Xia are in-laws. Good relations, responsive, will send reinforcements. Chu has a vast territory and a long way to go. Only by promoting its soldiers with the strategy of' integration', I am willing to go personally. " Wang Zhao followed.
Ping Yuanjun was one of the four gentlemen in the Warring States period, and they were all famous for their manners. There are 3,000 men and women in Ping Yuanjun, and they are at the bottom. Ping Yuanjun returned to the official residence and hurriedly recruited public guests. He made it clear that he would unite with Chu, and he would choose twenty people to accompany him. However, he said, "This discussion concerns the gain and loss of Handan, and Zhao's survival is very important, so there is no doubt that he will win. If the peace talks fail, we must threaten to force the king of Chu to form an alliance. So the 20 people selected must be both civil and military. You are all smart people today, and things are urgent, so twenty people will come from among you. " But among these 3,000 people, those who can write cannot use force, and those who can fight cannot write. In the end, only 19 people were selected, and there was none at last. Ping Yuanjun couldn't help sighing: "I have missed my Zhao Sheng fortuneteller for decades. There are 3,000 guests under the door, but it is so difficult to choose 20 people! "
Provide their own services
Just then, Mao Sui in the next seat stood up and said, "Mao Sui doesn't want to go." Seeing that Mao Sui looked unfamiliar, Ping Yuanjun did not listen to the mention of Mao Sui, so he deliberately explored: "How long has your husband lived under the door of victory?" Mao Sui replied, "It's been three years", and Ping Yuanjun said contemptuously, "A saint is like a sharp cone in a bag, and its edge also exists. Mr. Jin has lived here for three years, but he has never heard of it. It can be seen that it is a matter of life and death to send the mission to Chu. I'm afraid you can't do it, so you'd better stay. " Mao Sui didn't mean to back down, and immediately replied, "A gentleman means something. A wise man should show his talents and virtues in life, but he needs the opportunity to show his talents. A gentleman is famous for his virtue, benevolence and courtesy. However, if a gentleman does not have the title of Zhao Gongzi, can his position show his talent? Mao Sui didn't show his advantage because he didn't have a chance to be in the bag. Otherwise, he has already stood out, not just a sharp-edged problem. " Ping Yuanjun was surprised by Mao Sui's answer, and it was urgent, so he agreed to go with Mao Sui. Although other 19 people listened to Mao Sui's speech, they still didn't care. They all thought Mao Sui was just joking. Nineteen people think they have a good education and often talk about it all the way. If they don't talk, it will be amazing and always hit the nail on the head. When they arrived in Chu, all 19 people were moved.
Chutingyuezong
Chu has arrived. Ping Yuanjun dare not neglect. Early the next morning, as soon as the sun rose, he went to the court to discuss the alliance with King Gao Lie of Chu. The king of Chu said, "The alliance was initiated by Zhao at first, and then Zhang Yi lobbied other countries. The alliance was not strong. At that time, first (Chu) Wang Huai was in power for a long time, and led his ministers to attack Qin without grams; Later, the king of Qi became the leader of the alliance, and all the people were treacherous and the alliance was defeated. So far, countries have kept the treaty a secret, and the six-nation alliance is just a loose sand, which is of no help. Besides, Qin is strong today, and the six countries cannot be enemies. Only the security of each country is the best policy. Besides, Qin Chu has been involved recently. Isn't it treacherous that Chu and Ryan themselves suffered from the sword and made Zhao suffer? Let's forget about the union! " Answered calmly, Chen said he was interested, but the king of Chu hesitated because he was afraid.
Twenty people, including Mao Sui, waited down and saw the sky high in the morning, but the date was still unsuccessful. Nineteen people said to Mao Sui. "Go ahead, sir."
Mao Sui didn't answer, so he climbed the stairs with his sword and walked to the court with his head held high. He said to Ping Yuanjun: "As long as the interests are clearly stated, it can be solved in a few words, but why don't you agree with the sunrise and sunset?"
The king of Chu was angry when he saw someone who dared to rush into the court with a sword and spoke without training, but he didn't know the details of this person and was afraid of the majesty of his career. He turned to Ping Yuanjun and asked, "Who are you?" Ping Yuanjun said, "This is the winner."
The king of Chu shouted at him, "Bold fanatic, there is no room for you to talk to your master here. Why not step down? "
Without fear, Mao Sui thrust his sword forward and said, "Unity is a matter of the whole world, and everyone can discuss it. Where can you blame my master? " You're just outnumbered. However, now you and I are only ten steps away, your life is in the hands of Mao Sui, and you are still arrogant! At that time, Shang Tang ruled the world with a land of 70 Li, and Zhou Wenwang only relied on a land of 100 Li, but it made the vassals of the world submit. Which one makes many people rely on power? The king of Chu looked a little gentle and asked, "What do you say, sir?" "
Mao Sui said, "In the past, there were two counties in central Guizhou and Wu Jun in the west of Chu, Zhou Xia and Haiyang in the east, Dongting, Cangwu and Fuyang in the south, with a land of 5,000 miles, millions of soldiers, thousands of chariots and 10,000 horses. This is the capital of overlord. Who can be a vassal in the world? However, a vast country was defeated by tens of thousands of people because of a wet behind the ears. In World War I, five cities, including Yan and Deng, were lost, and Yingdu City was divided into Qin County. After another war, Yiling was burned, and in the third world war, the ancestral temple of the former king was destroyed by the poisonous people, humiliating the ancestors. This is the eternal enmity. Chair Zhao is ashamed of this, but Wang is partial. The alliance is beneficial to Chu Shi, not harmful. I think the state of Qin has long cherished the heart of the tiger and the wolf, and its intention to annex the world has long been obvious. Wu Zhao and Chu will not last long. Back in those days, Su Qin advocated union and the six countries became brothers, which made Qin dare not go any further in fifteen years. Although the Qin dynasty surrounded Handan for more than 200,000 years, 200,000 elite soldiers attacked day and night, but failed to damage Handan. And made friends with Zhao, he will send reinforcements. If the vertical alliance between Chu and Zhao is successful, and the Qin elite at the gate of Handan is destroyed by Wei and Han, and the situation is advanced to the west, then Chu can avenge, recover lost ground and revive Chu and Wei. What is the reason? " With these words, Mao Sui held a sword in his hands and glared at the king of Chu.
The king of Chu immediately repeatedly said yes, saying, "Just sir, just sir." Mao Sui asked, "Have you decided?" The king of Chu said, "That's settled! It's fixed! " Mao Sui shouted to the king of Chu, "Go and get the blood of chickens, dogs and horses!" Take the coins to the left and right. Mao Sui knelt down with a copper coin in his hands and presented it to the king of Chu, saying, "Your Majesty will donate blood to form an alliance and make a formal agreement. Your majesty will drink it first, and then my master, Mao Sui, will do it again. " So, in the court, blood out, formed an alliance.
Mao Sui held a copper coin in his left hand and greeted the 19 people down with his right hand: "Let's kill down!" " Isn't that what you mediocre people are like, the so-called' man makes a difference'? "
Real people are hard to know.
When he returned to Zhao, he sighed: "I always thought I could recognize the sages and heroes in the world, and I wouldn't ignore anyone." But Mr. Mao lived under the door for three years, but he failed to realize his talent. Mr. Mao, who was furious above the Chuchaotang, not only preached the Covenant, but also safeguarded Zhao's dignity, making Zhao more important than Lu and Mr. Mao, who had a golden tongue, than millions of teachers. Sheng dare not pretend to be a person who can compare with the world. " So I'm waiting for Mao Sui to be my guest.
There is a poem that says:
Mimi is empty, follow people, saying that although the hammer is small, it weighs one thousand kilograms.
The cone is not in the bag, and there are 19 civil and military personnel.
After the union was completed, the king of Chu sent an army of 80,000 troops from Chunshenjun and Huang Xie to save Handan. Wei Xinling also stole the bugle and came from the state of Jin to save Zhao with a hundred thousand troops. Two hundred thousand troops of Qin surrounded Handan for two years, but they still couldn't be defeated. In the battle of Changping, Qin soldiers also lost more than half, the country was empty and reinforcements had arrived. Although Zhao Haoqi of Qin wanted to storm, he had to give up because of the situation. The siege of Handan finally avoided another tragedy of "killing for profit". Since then, Mao Sui has never been anywhere.