Appreciation of the original text and translation of Su Shi's "The Story of Shizhongshan"

Original text of Shizhongshan Note:

"Shui Jing" says: "There is Shizhongshan Mountain at the mouth of Pengli." Li Yuan thought that he was facing a deep pool, the breeze was blowing, the water and rocks were fighting against each other, and the sound was like Hong Zhong. This is true, but people often doubt it. Now if a bell and chime are placed in the water, even though there is a strong wind and waves, it cannot make any sound, but it is worse than a stone! In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bo began to visit his remains. He found two stones on the pool, clasped them and listened to them. The south sound was like Hu, and the north sound was clear and clear. I think I got it. However, I still doubt it. The sound of a stone can be found everywhere, but this one is only called a bell, so why?

Ding Chou in the sixth month of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Yu Ziqi'an came to you on a boat trip, and the eldest son Maijiang went to Raozhi Dexingwei and sent him to Hukou, because he could watch the so-called stone bell. The monk asked the boy to hold an ax and pick one or two of them among the rocks to buckle them. Yu Gu laughed and didn't believe it. At the end of the night, when the moon was bright, I took a small boat with Mai alone to the foot of the cliff. The boulder stands thousands of feet on its side, like wild beasts and strange ghosts, eager to attack people; while the falcons on the mountain will startle when they hear the sound of people, and they will roar in the sky; there is also an old man coughing and laughing in the valley, which may be called a stork. also. Yu Fang's heart was eager to return the favor, and he made loud noises on the water, like bells and drums. The boat people were terrified. If you look at it slowly, you will find that there are stone caves at the bottom of the mountain. I don't know how shallow or deep they are. Microwaves enter them, and they are light and surging. This is why. The boat returned between the two mountains and was about to enter the port. There was a large rock in the middle of the stream, which could seat a hundred people. There were many orifices in the air, which were in harmony with the Feng Shui. There was the sound of drilling and boring mandarins, which corresponded to those who were facing it, and it was like a piece of music. . Because of his laughter, he said to Mai, "You know what you know? Those who squeak are like the King of Zhou Jing who has no shot; those who are boring and boring are like the song of Wei Zhuangzi. The ancients are not deceived!"

Is it okay to make assumptions about the existence of something without seeing it or hearing it? What Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as that of Yu, so it is unknown. The scholar-bureaucrats were unwilling to use their boats to anchor under the cliff at night, so they could not know. Although the fishermen and navy knew it, they could not tell it. This is why it is not passed down in this world. But those who are ignorant seek it by testing the impact with axes and pounds, thinking that they have achieved it. After I remembered it, Gai sighed at Li Yuan's simplicity and laughed at Li Bo's crudeness. Translation and Annotation of Shizhong Mountain

The translation of "Shui Jing" says: "There is a Shizhong Mountain at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believed that the bottom of Shizhong Mountain is close to a deep pool, and the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water and stones interact with each other. Beat it, and the sound it makes is like a big bell. This statement is often doubted. If a bell is placed in the water, it will not make any sound even in strong winds and waves, let alone a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Li Bo visited the old site of Shizhong Mountain. Find two rocks by the deep pool, knock them, and listen to their sounds. The sound of the rock in the south is thick and vague, and the sound of the rock in the north is clear and loud. The drumsticks stop beating, and the sound is still spreading. , the lingering sound slowly disappeared. He himself thought he had found the reason why Shizhongshan was named. But I am more skeptical about this statement. Stones that make sounds when struck are everywhere, but this mountain is the only one named after a bell. Why is this?

On the ninth day of the sixth month in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, I took a boat from Qi'an to Linru. My eldest son Su Mai was about to take office as the county captain of Dexing County in Raozhou, so I sent him to Hukou. You can see the said Stone Bell Mountain. The monk in the temple asked the child to hold an ax and hit one or two places among the rocks to make a crackling sound. Of course I found it very funny and did not believe it. At night, the moonlight was bright, and Su Mai and I took a boat to the bottom of the broken wall. Huge rocks stand slopingly, thousands of feet high, like ferocious beasts and strange ghosts, gloomily trying to attack people; the eagles nesting on the mountains are frightened and fly up when they hear the sound of people, and they fly in the sky. There were clanging sounds; there was also a sound like an old man coughing and laughing in the valley. Some people said it was a stork. I was frightened and wanted to go back when suddenly a huge sound came from the water, loud and loud like the sound of bells and drums. The boatman was frightened. I slowly observed that there were caves and crevices under the mountain. I don’t know how deep they were. Subtle water waves poured into them, and the water waves stirred up and made this sound. The boat returned between the two mountains and was about to enter the port. There was a big stone facing the middle of the water. There could be about a hundred people sitting on it. The middle was empty and there were many holes. It swallowed up the breeze and water waves and spit it out, making a sound. The sound of the boring mandarin echoes with the previous sound, like music playing.

So I smiled and said to Su Mai: "Do you know those allusions? The clanking sound is the sound of King Zhou Jing's Wushe bell, and the sound of the boring mandarin is the sound of Wei Zhuangzi's singing bell. The ancients did not deceive. Me! ”

You don’t need to see or hear anything with your eyes, and you can only guess whether it exists or not based on your subjective assumptions, is that okay? What Li Daoyuan saw and heard was probably the same as mine, but he did not describe it in detail; after all, the scholar-bureaucrats were unwilling to use boats to anchor under the cliffs at night, so no one knows; fishermen and boatmen, Although I know the truth behind the naming of Shizhong Mountain, I cannot record it in writing. This is the reason why Shizhong Mountain got its name has not been handed down in the world. However, simple people even use axes to hit stones to find the reason why Shizhong Mountain was named, thinking that they have got the truth about the name of Shizhong Mountain. Therefore, I wrote down the above experience, lamenting Li Daoyuan's simplicity and laughing at Li Bo's shallowness.

Notes 1. Shizhong Mountain is located on the east bank of Poyang Lake in Hukou, Jiangxi. There are two mountains, the south and the north. The one in the south of the county is called Shangzhongshan, and the one in the north of the county is called Lower Zhongshan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some people thought that Su Shi's statement about the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain was also wrong. The correct statement is: "The whole mountain is empty, like a bell covering the ground, so it got its name." After investigation, people today believe that the reason why Shizhong Mountain got its name is It is named because it has the "sound" of a bell and the "shape" of a bell. 2. Peng Li: Another name for Poyang Lake. 3. Li Yuan: Li Daoyuan, the author of "Shui Jing Zhu". 4. Drum: Vibration. 5. Fight: hit, shoot. 6. Hong Zhong: big bell. 7. It means: this statement. 8. Qing: An ancient percussion instrument, shaped like a ruler and made of jade or stone. 9. Li Bo: A native of Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, he wrote an article "Records of Distinguishing Stones and Zhongshan". 10. Traces: old site, old traces. This refers to the location. 11. Nan Sheng Han Hu: The sound from the south (that rock) is thick and unclear. Letter to Hu means "vague". 12. Beiyin Qingyue: The sound from the north (the rock) is clear and loud. Yue, high. 13.桴(fu)stops the sound: the drumstick stops (beating), but the sound is still spreading. Teng, spread. 14. The lingering sound slowly fades away: the lingering sound slowly disappears. Rhyme here refers to sound. Xu, slow. 15. Got it: Found this (reason). It refers to the reason why Shizhong Mountain was named. 16. You: More. 17. Keng (kēng): the loud sound made by striking gold and stone. 18. It is the same everywhere: It is like this everywhere. Yes, that's it. 19. Yuanfeng: The reign name of Song Shenzong. 20. June Ding Chou: the ninth day of the sixth lunar month. 21. Qi’an: In today’s Huangzhou, Hubei Province. 22. Linru: namely Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan). 23. Go: Here it means to go to take office or take office. 24. Hukou: Today’s Hukou, Jiangxi. 25. 硿 (kōng) 硿 Yan: 硿塿地 (makes a sound). Yan is equivalent to "ran". 26. Mo (mu) night: night. Mo, pass "Twilight". 27. Senran: describes dense and upright. 28. Beat people: catch people, hit people. 29. Falcon (hu): an eagle in its nest. Falcon, a type of eagle. 30. Zhe (zhe) Zhe: the sound of birdsong. 31. Stork Crane: The name of a water bird. It looks like a crane but has a less red top. Its neck and beak are longer than that of a crane. 32. Heartbeat: This means frightened. 33. Chēnghong: This describes the loud sound of the bell. 34. Boatman: Boatman. 35.Xia (xia): crack. 36. Han surging: waves are surging. Handan, water waves are turbulent. Surging, waves stimulate each other. 37. To do this: form this sound. 38. Midstream: The center of the flow. 39. In the air: The middle is empty. 40. Aperture: hole. 41. 窾 (kuǎn), 啰 (tang), 鞳 (ta): 羾, the sound of hitting something. Boring mandarins, the sound of bells and drums. 42. You know (zhi): Do you know those (allusions)? Know, know. 43. King Zhou Jing's Wushe (yi): "Guoyu" records that the "Wushe" bell was cast in the 23rd year of King Zhou Jing's reign (522 BC). 44. Wei Zhuangzi’s Singing Bell: "Zuo Zhuan" records that in the eleventh year of Lu Xianggong (561 BC), the Zheng people presented the singing bell and other musical instruments to the Marquis of Jin, and the Marquis of Jin gave half of it to Wei Jiang, the Jin official. Zhuangzi, Wei Jiang’s posthumous name. Singing bell, ancient musical instrument. 45. The ancients did not deceive me: The ancients (called this mountain "Shizhong Mountain") did not deceive me! Not bullying others means "not bullying others".

46. ​​Conjecture: Judgment based on subjective guessing. Guess, chest. 47. Almost: Probably. 48.Finally: eventually. 49. Fisherman and navy: fisherman (and) boatman. 50. Words: refers to expressing and recording in words. 51. The reason why it has not been passed down in this world: This (is) the reason why it has not been passed down in this world (the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain). 52. Humble person: A shallow person. 53. Use the ax to hit the stone to find out: Use the ax to hit the stone to find out the reason why Shizhong Mountain got its name. Test, knock. 54. Reality: refers to the truth of things. Shi Zhongshan Records Classical Chinese Phenomenon

Inflection of Parts of Speech 1. Yu Ziqi'an [9] A boat trip comes to you: "boat": a famous work, using a boat, riding a boat 2. Things cannot be seen or heard: "eyes" "ears" ”: The name is used to form, with the eyes, with the ears; with the eyes, with the ears. 3. This is the only name for the bell: "name": the name is used to move, to name. 4. Even if the wind and waves cannot make a sound: "Ming": to make it move, to make... …Ming

Fixed Sentence Patterns 1. Judgment Sentences: 1. The sound of the sound is like King Zhou Jing’s lack of shooting; the sound of the sound is like the singing bell of Wei Zhuangzi. 2. This is why it is not passed down in this world. 3. Or it is called this stork. 2. Inverted sentence 1. Two stones were found on the pool (post-statement). In the sky, there was an old man coughing and laughing in the valley (post-statement), and he shouted loudly on the water (post-statement). ) 2. The stone has a sonorous sound (after Ding) 3. The ancients did not deceive anyone (before Bin) I will record the third and omitted sentence: 1. Li Yuan used (it) as a guide to descend into the deep pool 2. Now a bell chime is placed (in) the water 3. (Yu) is able to observe the so-called stone bell 4. (Yu) rides a small boat with Mai alone 5. Zing Zeng (in) the sky 6. (Yu) slowly observes the fourth , Tongjiazi: 1. Nan Shenghan Hu (ambiguous) 2. Zhimo Ye Yueming (twilight)

One word has multiple meanings 1. Er: Xu Erchazhi (modification) There are many orifices in the air (Tables are parallel) What Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as Yu, and it is unknown (shows a turning point) Ren Buyi "Xiang Shu" (shows a hypothesis) 2. Yan: Hong Kong Yan (equivalent to "ran", adjective ending ) Microwave enters Yan (also a word, here) 3. Because: The person who was able to watch the so-called stone bell (took the opportunity) laughed and said Mai said (therefore)

Key word meanings 1. Water and stone fight (strike, Shoot) 2. Stop the sound and soar (spread) 3. I hesitate (more) 4. It is the same everywhere (like this) 5. Come to you (go) 6. I am still excited (just now) (scared) 7. Then there are stone caves (gaps) under the mountain. 8. The surging waters are surging for this reason (formed). 9. Corresponding to those who are facing the flood (previously) (responsive). 10. What Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as Yu ( Probably) 11. The reason why it is not passed down in this world (because of...) Appreciation of Shi Zhongshan Chronicles II

This article describes the author's exploration of the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain, explaining that in order to understand the truth of things, we must "eyeball" See, hear, hear.” Be careful not to make subjective assumptions. One *** three paragraphs.

The first paragraph puts forward two theories about the origin of Shizhong Mountain’s name, as well as doubts about these two theories. It can be divided into three layers. The first level quotes the words from "Shui Jing" to explain the location of Shizhong Mountain. Following the title, it points out Shizhong Mountain and triggers the following. On the second level, Li Daoyuan's theory of the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name is put forward, pointing out people's skepticism about this statement, and questioning Li Daoyuan's theory using the fact that the bell cannot make a sound when placed in the water, indicating that the theory of "water and stone fighting against each other" is untrustworthy. To people. It is precisely because Li said "people often doubt it" that it aroused the objections of later generations. This is how Li Daoyuan's statement was derived from the statement of Li Bo of the Tang Dynasty. On the third level, Li Bo’s statement was raised and questioned. Li Bo was also among the "people" who were "often suspected", so he launched an action to "find his whereabouts". There is no doubt that he personally "visited" the remains, personally "clasped" the stones, and personally "listened" to his voices. The author expresses his doubts about Li Bo, and refutes Li Bo's theory by saying that there are rocks everywhere, and the rocks can make sounds by clasping them, indicating that it is unbelievable that the stones can make sounds. These two statements may seem to be equivalent, but in fact they are preceded and followed. There are also differences in the formulation of doubts about the difference between the two theories: "People often doubt it" explains people's doubts about Li's theory. Whether the "person" here includes the author is not stated clearly. This is an objective narrative. The author He did not rashly judge what Li said was right or wrong; he used "I hesitated" to emphasize his denial of Li Shuo. The word "yu" here clearly expressed the author's attitude towards Li Shuo.

He said to Li, "People often doubt it" and to Li, "I still doubt it." These two doubts lead to the author's visit to Shizhongshan, which set up the second paragraph of "smiling but not believing" and the night tour of Shizhongshan, as well as the ending of " "Sigh" and "laugh", "simple" and "crude" serve as the basis.

The second paragraph describes the on-the-spot investigation of Shizhong Mountain and the process of discovering the origin of its name. It can be divided into three layers. The first layer ("In the seventh year of Yuanfeng...those who can view the so-called Stone Bell") points out the time, companions and reasons for visiting Stone Bell Mountain. Since I had "doubts" about the origin of Shizhongshan's name, the author took the opportunity to inspect Shizhongshan while he was going to Linru and sending his eldest son Su Mai to Dexing, Raozhou, so as to clear up the doubts. This layer follows closely from the above. The second level ("The monk made the boy hold an ax...Yu Gu laughed and didn't believe it"), written about visiting the monk. The monks "made the boy hold an ax" to press the stone and make a sound, which shows that they believe Li Bo's statement and also shows that Li Bo's statement has great influence. This paragraph responds to Li's words, "Choose one or two and buckle them" and "laugh and don't believe it", which respectively corresponds to the first paragraph's "clasp and listen to them" and "I still have doubts". Since the monk's approach was unsatisfactory, the author decided to investigate on a moonlit night. The third level ("Until the moon shines every night... the ancients will not deceive anyone"), writes about the process of inspecting Shizhong Mountain on a moonlit night. Let me first explain that the time for visiting Shizhong Mountain is "moonlight", the eldest son Su Mai is traveling with him, the method is "by boat", and the location is "under the cliff". Then write about the scene under the cliff: What you see is a large stone "standing thousands of feet sideways, like a beast and a strange ghost, and it is so fierce that it is ready to attack people"; what you hear is the "ding-ding" scream of the falcon "in the sky", and "In the valley" the stork screamed like an old man coughing and laughing. It depicts an eerie night scene of Shizhong Mountain, which is far and near, high and low, moving and still, tangible and sound, and is very lifelike, making people feel as if they are actually there. This description vigorously exaggerates the eerie and terrifying environment and highlights the difficulty of visiting in person, which foreshadows the following criticism: "Scholar-officials were ultimately unwilling to park their boats under the cliff at night." Instead, when the author was "feeling about to return", he suddenly "raised a loud voice on the water, making noises like bells and drums", which "terrified the boat people", but the author was attracted. He "explored it slowly" and found that "there are stone caves under the mountain. I don't know how shallow or deep they are. Microwaves enter them, and they are light and surging. That's why." He found out the cause of the "crack" sound. But things didn't end there, there were waves again. When the author was "returning the boat between two mountains", he discovered that there was "a flow among the big rocks at the entrance... There were many holes in the air, and they mixed with the sound of the wind, and there was the sound of boring and boring mandarins." "Hui" here does not mean "return", but "turn around". "The boat returned between two mountains" does not mean that the boat returned to the middle of the two mountains, but that the boat turned around and sailed between the two mountains. The author's investigation of the two sounds is extremely detailed and in-depth, confirming Li's statement in the first paragraph: "Microwaves come in" and "In harmony with Feng Shui", respectively corresponding to "breeze and drumming waves"; "Under the mountain are all stone caves..." ····Han is light and surging, but this is why" and "The flow among the big rocks...and there are many holes in the air" respectively correspond to "the water and rocks stimulate each other"; "the sound is like bells and drums incessantly" and "the ridge "The sound of boring mandarins" respectively corresponds to "the sound is like a loud bell". This not only confirms Li's theory, but also supplements "Jian" in detail, paving the way for the last paragraph to sigh about Li's "Jian". Finally, the author talks to Su Mai. The "laugh" in "Because of laughter, I say that I am mai" is different from the "laugh" in the previous "laughing but not believing". The former is a smile that expresses doubt and denial, but here is a relaxed and happy smile after the doubts are cleared, showing the author's pride and excitement after finding out the truth. In the conversation, the author connected the two sounds with "Wing Zhou Jing's Wu She" and "Wei Zhuangzi's Song Zhong", affirmed his own investigation results, and pointed out the reason why Zhong Mingshan was named. He also affirmed Li Daoyuan's statement that "the ancients will not be deceived", and the author's conviction and joy were vividly displayed in his words. In this paragraph, the author confirms and supplements Li Daoyuan's statement with his own eyes and ears, further refutes Li Bo's statement, and provides factual basis for the discussion in the last paragraph.

The third paragraph describes the reflections on finding out the origin of Shi Zhongshan’s name and expresses the intention of writing. It can be divided into three layers.

The first level is, "Is it okay to make assumptions about the existence of things without seeing and hearing them?" This sentence has a strong tone and expresses a fully affirmative meaning in the form of a rhetorical question. It points out the main theme of the whole article and is the author's exploration of the stone bell. The conclusion drawn and the principles summarized after the mountain got its name are the author's experience. The second level analyzes the reason why the world cannot accurately know the origin of Shizhong Mountain’s name, from two aspects. On the one hand, there are three reasons why the correct statement cannot be spread: First, "What Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as that of Yu, and it is unknown." It means that Li Daoyuan's statement is correct, but it is a pity that "it is unknown." ”, resulting in “people often doubting it” and not being recognized by people; secondly, the scholar-bureaucrats did not conduct on-the-spot investigations and “finally refused to anchor their boats under the cliff at night, so there is no way to know”; thirdly, “fishermen and navymen” Even though I know it, I can’t say it.” "Can't speak" means that you can't write, not that you can't speak. Li's theory is lost because of the unknown. The scholar-bureaucrats could write about it but "no one could know about it." The "fisherman and navy" knew about it but could not write about it. This is why the origin of Shizhong Mountain's name has not been handed down in the world. Then use the word "er" to turn to another aspect: "The humble people use axes to test and strike, and they think they have the truth." This means that the "humble people" like Li Bo make subjective assumptions and "think they have the truth." , this is the reason why Li Bo’s erroneous statement and subsequent generations spread rumors. The third layer inherits the two aspects mentioned above and points out the purpose of writing this travel note. "Sighing on Li Yuan's simplicity" affirms Li Daoyuan's point of view, but laments that it is too simple. "Laughing at Li Bo's humbleness" means denying Li Bo's views and ridiculing his shallowness. This shows that the purpose of writing this article is to spread his own opinions, confirm and supplement Li Daoyuan's views, and correct Li Bo's views.

This article combines discussion and narrative, and analyzes and criticizes Li Daoyuan and Li Bo’s statement on how Shizhong Mountain got its name through a field trip to Shizhong Mountain at night, and puts forward the point that things cannot be seen but heard. The conclusion that one cannot make assumptions about whether it exists or not shows the author's realistic spirit of focusing on investigation and research, and is of educational significance. The writing technique of "Shizhongshan Ji"

The structure of "Shizhongshan Ji" is different from the general travel prose, which first records the travel and then discusses. Instead, it discusses first, and the discussion leads to the narrative, and finally the discussion is used as the writing Knot. The author develops the full text in three steps: "Doubt - Observation - Conclusion". The whole text echoes from beginning to end, with strict logic and seamless integration. The first sentence of this article mentions Li Daoyuan's statement and raises others' doubts about it. This doubt is not unfounded, but is based on experiments conducted by Zhong Qing. This paved the way for the two sound sources the author saw in the second paragraph of the article - the stone cave and the flow in the middle of the big stone - and thus expressed the sigh that "the ancients are not deceived." At the end of the article, I once again lamented that although what Li Yuan said was correct, it was too simple for the world to truly understand. Regarding Li Bo's method of clasping the stone to deduce the reason for the name of Zhongshan, the author expressed "I still have doubts" in the first paragraph. In the second paragraph, the temple monk made a child hold an ax and clasp the stone. The author still has this method of verification. It is "laughing but not believing". After the on-site investigation and the truth came out, in the third paragraph, the author went back to the previous article and "laughed at Li Bo's ugliness." The full text proceeds from thoughts and feelings, with narration and discussion. Narrative, description, discussion and lyricism are interlocked and integrated. It is an eternal famous article that explains why things happen.

The language of the article is flexible, varied, and very distinctive. The same thing is written about birds, either from the name of the bird to flying, to its cry, or from the sound to the name of the bird, without any sense of rigidity. To write about the sound of coughing, I first heard the sound, and then wrote about what I discovered after Xu Er observed it; to write about the sound of boring and boring mandarins, I first wrote about the shape of the middle-flow boulder with "multiple holes in the air", then wrote about the sound, and described the angle and The order is different, and the writing is smooth and easy. Appreciation of Shi Zhongshan Ji

At the beginning of this article, people's doubts about Li Daoyuan's statement were raised, as well as their own doubts about Li Bo's statement. The author does not believe the two ancient celebrities' claims about the origin of Shizhongshan's name.

It happened that he had an opportunity to observe on the spot. He first asked the local monk, and the monk’s explanation and demonstration were the same as Li Bo’s. Su Shi was still not gullible and decided to "moye" and "take a small boat" to conduct an on-the-spot investigation. Shizhong Mountain is located on the riverside side of the mouth of Poyang Lake where it enters the Yangtze River. It is located in a remote place. The article said that "Yu Fang was eager to return" and "the people on the boat were in great fear".

In addition, it was dangerous and dangerous, and it was the high water season in midsummer. It was indeed very dangerous to sail at night in a small boat. Therefore, "the scholar-bureaucrats were not willing to use small boats to anchor under the cliff at night." In order to find out the truth behind the name of Shizhong Mountain, Su Shi did not avoid hardships and visited it personally, which is commendable. Although due to various reasons, the conclusion he drew from his investigation is not completely correct, this spirit is worthy of recognition.

The third paragraph puts forward the conclusion, which is the center of this article: "Is it okay to make assumptions about the existence of things without seeing them and hearing them?" This is undoubtedly correct.

Although later generations have a new view, they believe that Shizhong Mountain got its name because the shape of the mountain resembles a bell. After investigation, people today believe that Shizhong Mountain got its name from both its "shape" and "sound" of. Su Shi's statement is not entirely correct. But this does not negate Su Shi's efforts. People's understanding of objective things has always been a process, and later generations' doubts, examinations, and doubts about Su Shi's statement are exactly the same as Su Shi's disbelief in the ancients, not believing in old theories, not making subjective assumptions, and voluntarily observing personally. of the same spirit. 2. Introduction to Shizhong Mountain and three theories about the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain in the past. Shizhong Mountain is located where Poyang Lake enters the Yangtze River and belongs to the mouth of Jiangxi Lake. It is composed of limestone from the Middle Carboniferous system. There are two mountains, upper and lower. The one in the south is called Shangzhongshan and is adjacent to Poyang Lake. It covers an area of ​​about 0.34 square kilometers. The one in the north is called Lower Zhongshan and is adjacent to the Yangtze River and covers an area of ​​about 0.2 square kilometers. Both mountains are only about 70 meters above sea level, with relative heights of 50 to 55 meters. The two mountains are less than one kilometer apart. Although Shizhong Mountain is not tall, it has always been a tourist attraction because it is located where Poyang Lake enters the Yangtze River, with convenient transportation, sparkling mountains and beautiful scenery.

The ancients had three theories about the origin of the name Shizhong Mountain.

1. Feng Shui sounds like a bell. Because the mountain is made of limestone, many crevices and caves are formed on the surface of the lower part of the mountain near the water under the erosion and erosion of various waters. When the water level is at a certain height and there is appropriate wind force and corresponding wind direction, the crevices and caves will form. "In harmony with Feng Shui", it makes a sound like ringing a bell. Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty and Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty held this view that it was named after the sound of Feng Shui. However, this kind of sound requires the water level, wind strength, wind direction and other conditions to be appropriate to occur, and it cannot be heard anytime and anywhere.

2. The stone sounds like a bell. Mountain rocks, especially stalactites, stalagmites, stone pillars, etc. in cave areas can produce sounds when struck with a mallet. The so-called "Nanyin Hanhu" is the sound made by rocks that have not formed karst caves, and "Beiyin Qingyue" is the sound made by rocks produced by caves, or rocks with strange shapes formed when carbonates are re-precipitated. Li Bo in the Tang Dynasty held the view that it got its name from the sound of the stone, and some people in recent times also support this view.

3. The mountain is shaped like a bell. The lower part of Shizhong Mountain has formed caves due to the erosion and erosion of groundwater and river and lake water. "Shizhong Mountain Chronicles" records: "Both the upper Zhongya and the lower Zhongya have caves under them, which can accommodate hundreds of people. They are inexhaustibly deep and shaped like a bell." In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some people used this shape to get their names. statement. However, the seasonal and annual changes in the water levels of rivers and lakes are relatively large, with differences of more than ten meters. Only when the water level is very low can people enter the cave and appreciate the image of the "Falling Bell" from the inside. The artistic characteristics of Shizhongshanji

Unique structure. The structure of "Shizhongshan Ji" is different from the general travel prose, which first records the travel and then discusses it. Instead, it discusses first, and the discussion leads to the narrative, and finally ends with the discussion. The author develops the full text in three steps: "Doubt - Observation - Conclusion". The whole text echoes from beginning to end, with strict logic and seamless integration. The first sentence of this article mentions Li Daoyuan's statement and raises others' doubts about it. This doubt is not unfounded, but is based on experiments conducted by Zhong Qing. This paved the way for the two sound sources the author saw in the second paragraph of the article - the stone cave and the flow in the middle of the big stone - and thus expressed the sigh that "the ancients are not deceived." At the end of the article, I once again lamented that although what Li Yuan said was correct, it was too simple for the world to truly understand. Regarding Li Bo's method of clasping the stone to deduce the reason for the name of Zhongshan, the author expressed "I still have doubts" in the first paragraph. In the second paragraph, the temple monk made a child hold an ax and clasp the stone. The author still has this method of verification. It is "laughing but not believing".

After the on-site investigation and the truth came out, in the third paragraph, the author went back to the previous article and "laughed at Li Bo's ugliness." The full text proceeds from thoughts and feelings, with narration and discussion. Narrative, description, discussion and lyricism are interlocked and integrated. It is an eternal famous article that explains why things happen.

The writing is tortuous. The writing is full of twists and turns, which is a prominent feature of this article. For example, the quotes from Li Daoyuan and Li Bo were originally boring content, but the author added two refutations and it suddenly became exciting. The article writes about doubts about the old theory three times. Not only is the writing method different each time, but even in the same article, the writing style has twists and turns. For Li Daoyuan, he used other people's doubts to lead to his own doubts, and his own doubts were expressed in metaphors. Li Bo was originally correcting Li Daoyuan's statement. When the author quoted it, he specifically added the sentence "I think I got it." "Exactly", followed by a sudden turn - "It's true, but I hesitate to say it", with the word "'you", saying that it is less credible than Li Daoyuan's statement; he made a boy hit the monk with an axe. The so-called "stone clock" was refuted with the phrase "Yu Gu laughed but didn't believe it." The target was pointed directly at Li Bo, who had obtained the two stones three hundred years ago and "clasped them and listened". Li Bo's refutation was all based on arguments, and he hit the nail on the head. It is different from using metaphors for Li Daoyuan's statement. Moreover, this section is inserted before the mountain tour, which also adds to the excitement of the article. In short, although the things recorded and the issues discussed in this article are ordinary, the whole article is full of twists and turns, and some places have a lot of ups and downs, making the discussion content highly readable.

Cleverly decorated. The article uses vivid metaphors (similes such as "the sound is like a loud bell", "like fierce beasts and strange ghosts", "like an old man coughing and laughing in the valley", "like bells and drums incessantly", "like music playing", metaphors such as "those who are confused, King Zhou Jing's "No Shots", "Those who are boring and boring, are also like the song bells of Wei Zhuangzi"), vivid personification ("Sen Ran is eager to fight people"), and appropriate onomatopoeia ("Kengran", "Yan", "甔甔") "匌" and "羾倗"), he gave a vivid description of what he saw and heard, creating a unique artistic conception. The description of the scenery in this article is also vivid and winning because of its clever modification.

Language flexibility. The language of the article is flexible, smooth, varied, and very distinctive. The descriptions of the two bird calls and the two water sounds are completely different: when writing about the perching falcon, the bird is named first ("The falcon perched on the mountain"), then it is written about its frightened flight ("it starts to fly when it hears the sound of a human being"), and finally it is written about its The sound of the stork ("Zhezhe in the sky"); when writing about the stork, first write the sound ("There is also an old man coughing and laughing in the valley"), and then explain that it is the stork that is calling ("Maybe this stork is also called" ). The former uses the onomatopoeia "甔甔" to describe its screams, while the latter uses the metaphor "if the old man coughs and laughs" to describe his strange screams. The descriptions of the sound of the water in the two places are also completely different: the sound of the water in the front is caused by the collision of "microwaves" with the "stone caves" at the foot of the mountain, while the sound of the water in the back is caused by the "feng shui" that interacts with the holes of the large rocks in the middle of the stream. Yes, this is because the sound sources are different; the former "chimes like bells and drums" is a loud and loud sound, and the latter "徳募 Boring...like music" is a relatively low and low-pitched sound. The melodious sound is different in tone and volume. In the former, the sound is heard first, and then the "stone cave" at the foot of the mountain is heard. In the latter, the sound is first seen "flowing in the middle of the big stone" and "there are many holes in the air", and then "there are caves". "The sound of boring", the order of writing is also different. Background of the Creation of Shi Zhongshan Ji

In June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, when Su Shi was transferred from the deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou to the deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan), he sent his eldest son off by the way. Su Mai went to Dexing County, Raozhou to serve as county captain. He passed through Huzhou and visited Shizhong Mountain. He conducted field investigations and wrote this article to clarify the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain.

Poetry works: Shizhong Mountain Poetry author: Su Shi of the Song Dynasty Poetry classification: ancient prose contemplation, travel notes, scenery descriptions, mountain descriptions