Can cantaloupes be grown in greenhouses in Northeast China?
Halmi melons can be grown in greenhouses in the Northeast.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: variety selection
Hami melon varieties that are suitable for the southern climate and have strong disease resistance should be selected. The conventional varieties currently promoted in Jiading area mainly include Xuelihong, Xianguo, 98-18, etc.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: field selection
Hami melon cultivation should avoid melon stubble and continuous cropping plots. You should choose rice fields that have not been planted with melons in the past 3 years, with high terrain and good drainage. Crop fields. Sandy soil with rich organic matter and good permeability is the first choice for growing cantaloupe.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: land preparation and bordering
One month before planting, plowing should be carried out, and the plowing depth should be 25 to 750px. When making a border, you must have high borders and high ridges, and the border surface should be made into a turtle-back shape with an arched back of 25 to 750px; the border surface should be fully covered with mulch film (transparent mulch film in spring, white and black film in autumn), which is conducive to conserving moisture, reducing humidity, and preventing weeds. The shed area requires three ditches, and the ditch outside the shed must be deep to ensure smooth drainage and dry water after rain stops.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: seedling transplantation
Seed treatment
Drying treatment can be used, and the dry seeds are baked in a constant temperature drying oven at 60 to 69°C for 3 In about days, the disinfection and sterilization effect is good. If this condition is not available, the seeds can be planted in strong sunlight for 2 days.
Sowing
The spring sowing period is generally in early to mid-January. Spring seedling cultivation emphasizes heat preservation and disease prevention. The seedbeds are covered with multi-film and electric heating wires are laid on the ground. The seedbed temperature should be two high and two low. Before emergence, the seedbed temperature should be controlled at 28-30°C to promote seedling growth; before the first true leaf unfolds, lower the temperature. The bed temperature should be maintained between 23-25°C during the day and 18-20°C at night. ℃. As the seedlings grow and the outside temperature rises, the vents can be appropriately enlarged and the ventilation time should be lengthened accordingly. The seedlings are hardened at low temperature one week before planting so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to external conditions. For disease prevention in the seedling stage, Amicida spray can be used 1 to 2 times. In spring, seedlings are about 30 days old and transplanted at the three-leaf stage.
For autumn sowing from the end of July to the beginning of August, ventilation and cooling should be done well, and a sunshade net can be used to cover the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from growing too long; water control should be done when the seedlings are dry. Generally, the seedlings are 7 to 10 days old and transplanted at one leaf and one heart stage.
Density
Hami melon has large leaves and thick stems, so the planting density can be appropriately sparse. In ground-climbing cultivation, the spacing between double-vine pruning branches is about 1125px, and there are 2 rows per shed; in vertical cultivation, the spacing between plants is about 1000px, and there are 4 to 5 rows per shed.
Planting
In the first half month of spring planting, you should rush to build a shed and cover it with sky film and mulch film to increase the ground temperature; when planting, choose sunny weather and pay attention to heat preservation. For autumn planting, transplanting should be done in the afternoon or on cloudy days to facilitate the survival of the trees. When transplanting, the living tree should be watered in time, and disease prevention agents such as Dixon can be used in appropriate amounts.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: field management
Fertilizer and water management
According to the growth conditions of the plants, plant nutrient solution can be sprayed after the live plants to promote growth. When the plant growth is weak, compound fertilizer leaching solution can be used to increase vine extension and coarse fertilizer. During the fruit expansion stage, topdressing is carried out 1 to 2 times. It can be applied in a hole 750px away from the roots. 10 to 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu can be used. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed on the leaves. During the first half month of picking melons, when the fruits are ripe, watering with fertilizers and water must be stopped to prevent the fruits from cracking.
Temperature Management
When covering with multiple films for insulation in spring, special attention should be paid to reducing humidity and preventing disease. Try to create a high-light environment. On sunny days, frequently remove the film under heat preservation conditions to ventilate and reduce humidity. Before fruit setting, the greenhouse should be kept at 28-30°C during the day and not lower than 10°C at night. When the melon vines grow to the fruit-setting node, cool down appropriately. Promote fruit setting, increase the temperature difference between day and night during the fruit expansion period, and improve quality.
Cultivation in summer and autumn requires ventilation and cooling. If possible, you can cover it with a shading net to cool down and promote root hair and growth; in rainy weather, pay attention to humidity reduction and disease prevention.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds
Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", strengthen agricultural prevention and control, combine chemical control, observe frequently, and use medicine in a timely manner. Clear weeds. Controlling the humidity in the shed and keeping the plants dry are the most effective measures to prevent diseases.
The main diseases of greenhouse cantaloupe are: vine blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and viral diseases.
Viral diseases: Viral diseases are likely to occur in autumn, mainly due to the large number of insect pests. Aphids, thrips, whiteflies, etc. are all carriers of viruses, so insect control should be the first priority. If any diseased plants are found in the greenhouse, they should be removed promptly.
The main pests of cantaloupe in greenhouses are: whitefly, aphids, melon borer, armyworm, red spider mite, leaf miner, thrips, etc. Use targeted insecticides such as Acta, aphids, imidacloprid, insecticides, insecticides and other sprays to kill insects or hang yellow sticky boards to attract aphids.
Vine blight: In the early stage of the disease, spray 50% thiophanate methyl 500 to 1000 times over the entire area or apply a paste of thiophanate methyl plus virulent alum and agricultural streptomycin to the affected area. . When pruning, if you encounter rainy weather or the wound is too large to dry easily, you should promptly apply the above-mentioned paste liquid to the wound.
Powdery mildew: In cultivation, it is necessary to prevent leggy growth and strengthen ventilation. When the disease does not occur in the early stage, chemicals such as Shigao and thiophanate-methyl can be used for prevention and used alternately; when the disease occurs, Xiansheng, Fuxing or Sulfur should be used The alternative use of pesticides such as suspensions has good control effects.
When using sulfur suspension, special attention should be paid to preventing phytotoxicity.
Cultivation of cantaloupe in greenhouses: timely harvest
The maturity of cantaloupe should be strictly controlled for timely harvesting. The following are several methods to identify the maturity of cantaloupe:
1. Calculate the fruit development period, which varies due to the characteristics of different varieties. Generally, early-maturing varieties take about 35 days, and mid-maturing varieties take about 50 days.
2. Aroma. For aromatic varieties, the aroma begins to develop when the fruit matures, and the more mature the fruit, the stronger the aroma.
3. Fruit appearance. When ripe, the fruit shows its inherent color and pattern.
4. Plant characteristics. The tendrils at the fruit-setting node dry up, the mesophyll of the fruit-setting node becomes chlorotic, and the leaves turn yellow.
Harvesting should be done in the morning when there is no dew on the surface of the melons; when harvesting, the melon handles should be cut into a "T" shape and handled with care to minimize mechanical damage.