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Is there any bionics information?

Bionics gives 15 examples:

1. A very peculiar small gas analyzer was copied from a nasty fly. It has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.

2. From fireflies to artificial luminescence;

3. Electric fish and volt batteries;

4. The jellyfish's downwind ears are modeled after the structure and function of the jellyfish's ears. The jellyfish ear storm predictor is designed to predict storms 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to the safety of navigation and fisheries.

5. Based on the visual principle of frog eyes, people have successfully developed an electronic frog eye. This electronic frog eye can accurately identify objects of specific shapes just like real frog eyes. After installing electronic frog eyes into the radar system, the radar's anti-interference ability is greatly improved. This radar system can quickly and accurately identify aircraft, ships, missiles, etc. of specific shapes. In particular, it can distinguish between real and fake missiles to prevent fakes from being confused with real ones.

Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and traffic arteries. At the airport, it can monitor the takeoff and landing of aircraft, and if it detects that the aircraft is about to collide, it can issue an alarm in time. In traffic arteries, it can direct the movement of vehicles and prevent vehicle collisions.

6. Based on the principle of bat ultrasonic locator, people also imitated the "pathfinder" for blind people. This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, which can be used by blind people to find electric poles, steps, people on bridges, etc. Nowadays, "ultrasound glasses" with similar functions have been made.

7. By simulating the incomplete photosynthesizer of cyanobacteria, a biomimetic photolysis water device will be designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen.

8. Based on research on the human skeletal muscle system and bioelectrical control, a human enhancement device - a walking machine - has been imitated.

9. The hooks of modern cranes originated from the paws of many animals.

10. The roof corrugations imitate animal scales.

11. The oars imitate the fins of a fish.

12. The saw is learned from the mantis arm, or sawgrass.

13. The Xanthium plant inspired Velcro.

14. Lobsters with a keen sense of smell provide ideas for people to build odor detectors.

15. Gecko toes offer encouraging prospects for making sticky tape that can be used over and over again.

16. Bay uses its proteins to create a colloid that is so strong that such a colloid could be used in everything from surgical sutures to boat repairs.

Answer: xss2345 - Trial Period Level 3-12 19:37

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When bats are flying, they continuously emit ____ pulses from their throats. The sound waves are reflected back when they hit obstacles or insects. , bats can use _____ to receive echoes, and can detect whether the target is an insect or an obstacle, as well as the size, direction and distance of the object in front.

Answer: Yayatou 2 - Magic Apprentice Level 3 - 12 18:34

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Reference: bbdu

Answer: abc1234pom856 - Magic Apprentice Level 3-12 19:08

< p>Flies are spreaders of bacteria, and everyone hates them. However, the fly's wings (also called balance rods) are "natural navigators", and people imitated them to make "vibrating gyroscopes". This kind of instrument has been used in rockets and high-speed aircraft to realize automatic driving. The fly's eye is a kind of "compound eye", consisting of more than 3000 small eyes. People imitate it to make "fly eye lenses". A "fly's eye lens" is made up of hundreds or thousands of small lenses arranged neatly together. It can be used as a lens to make a "fly's eye camera", which can take thousands of the same photos at one time. This kind of camera has been used in printing plate making and large-scale reproduction of tiny circuits in electronic computers, greatly improving work efficiency and quality. The "fly's eye lens" is a new type of optical component that has many uses.

Fish have the ability to come and go freely in the water, so people imitate the shape of fish to build boats, using wooden paddles to imitate fins. It is said that as early as the period of Dayu, the working people of ancient my country observed fish swimming and turning in the water with the swing of their tails, and they set up wooden oars on the stern of the boat. Through repeated observation, imitation and practice, he gradually changed to oars and rudders, increased the power of the ship, and mastered the means of turning the ship.

In this way, people can make ships sail freely even in rough rivers.

Answer: zxxoprea22 - Assistant Level 2 3-12 20:57

Flies are spreaders of bacteria, and everyone hates them. However, the fly's wings (also called balance rods) are "natural navigators", and people imitated them to make "vibrating gyroscopes". This kind of instrument has been used in rockets and high-speed aircraft to realize automatic driving. The fly's eye is a kind of "compound eye", consisting of more than 3000 small eyes. People imitate it to make "fly eye lenses". A "fly's eye lens" is made up of hundreds or thousands of small lenses arranged neatly together. It can be used as a lens to make a "fly's eye camera", which can take thousands of the same photos at one time. This kind of camera has been used in printing plate making and large-scale reproduction of tiny circuits in electronic computers, greatly improving work efficiency and quality. The "fly's eye lens" is a new type of optical component that has many uses.

What kind of strange abilities do all kinds of creatures in nature have? What inspirations have their various abilities given to humans? By imitating these abilities, what kind of machines can humans create? An emerging science to be introduced here is bionics.

Birds can fly freely in the air with their wings spread. According to "Han Feizi", Luban made a bird out of bamboo and wood, and "it flew and stayed there for three days." However, people hope to imitate the wings of birds so that they can fly in the air. As early as more than four hundred years ago, Italian Leonardo da Vinci and his assistants carefully dissected birds, studied their body structures and carefully observed their flight. Designed and built an ornithopter, the world's first man-made flying machine.

The above inventions and attempts to imitate biological structures and functions can be considered the pioneers of human bionics and the bud of bionics.

Thought-provoking comparison

Although human bionic behavior has been in prototype for a long time, before the 1940s, people did not consciously regard biology as the source of design ideas and inventions. . Scientists' research on biology only stops at describing the exquisite structure and perfect functions of living organisms. Engineering and technical personnel rely more on their outstanding wisdom and hard work to make artificial inventions. They rarely consciously learn from the biological world. However, the following facts can illustrate: some of the technical problems that people encounter have appeared in the biological world millions of years ago and have been solved in the process of evolution. However, humans have not learned from the biological world. Get the enlightenment you deserve.

The first is the study of biological prototypes. According to the specific topics raised in actual production, the biological data obtained from the research are simplified, the content that is beneficial to the technical requirements is absorbed, and the factors irrelevant to the production technical requirements are eliminated to obtain a biological model; the second stage is to carry out the data provided by the biological model. Mathematical analysis, abstracting its internal connections, and using mathematical language to "translate" the biological model into a mathematical model with a certain meaning; finally, the mathematical model creates a physical model that can be used for experiments in engineering technology. Of course, in the process of biological simulation, it is not just simple bionics, but more importantly, there is innovation in bionics. After many repetitions of practice - understanding - and practice again, the simulated things can become more and more in line with the needs of production. The results of such simulations will make the final machine equipment different from the biological prototype, and in some aspects even exceed the capabilities of the biological prototype. For example, today's aircraft exceed the flight capabilities of birds in many aspects, and electronic computers are faster and more reliable than human calculations in complex calculations.

The basic research methods of bionics give it a prominent feature in biological research, which is integrity. From the overall perspective of bionics, it regards biology as a complex system that can communicate with and control the internal and external environment. Its mission is to study the interrelationships between the various parts of a complex system and the behavior and status of the entire system. The most basic characteristics of living things are their self-renewal and self-replication, and their connection with the outside world is inseparable. Only when organisms obtain matter and energy from the environment can they grow and reproduce; only when organisms receive information from the environment and constantly adjust and synthesize can they adapt and evolve. The long-term evolutionary process enables organisms to achieve the unity of structure and function, the coordination and unity of parts and the whole. Biomimicry must study the quantitative relationship between organisms and external stimuli (input information), that is, focusing on the unity of quantitative relationships, in order to carry out simulations. To achieve this goal, any partial method cannot achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, the research method of bionics must focus on the whole.

The research content of bionics is extremely rich and colorful, because the biological world itself contains thousands of species, which have various excellent structures and functions for research in various industries. In the past twenty years since the advent of bionics, bionics research has developed rapidly and achieved great results. Its research scope can include electronic bionics, mechanical bionics, architectural bionics, chemical bionics, etc. With the development of modern engineering technology, there are many branches of disciplines, and corresponding technical bionic research is carried out in bionics.

For example: the navigation department studies the fluid mechanics of aquatic animal movement; the aviation department simulates the flight of birds and insects, and the positioning and navigation of animals; the engineering construction simulates biomechanics; the radio technology department studies human nerve cells and sensory organs. and neural network simulation; computer technology’s simulation of the brain and research on artificial intelligence, etc. Typical topics presented at the first bionics conference include: "What are the characteristics of artificial neurons", "Problems in designing biological computers", "Using machines to recognize images", "Learning machines", etc. It can be seen that research on electronic bionics is relatively extensive. Research topics in bionics mostly focus on the study of the following three biological prototypes, namely the overall function of animal sensory organs, neurons, and nervous systems. Later, research in mechanical bionics and chemical bionics was also carried out. In recent years, new branches have appeared, such as human body bionics, molecular bionics and space bionics.

In short, the research content of bionics covers a wider range of content, from molecular bionics that simulates the microscopic world to macroscopic cosmic bionics. Today's science and technology is in a new era in which various natural sciences are highly integrated, intertwined, and infiltrated. Biomimicry combines the research and practice of life through simulation methods, and it also plays a significant role in the development of biology. great promotion effect. Under the penetration and influence of other disciplines, the research methods of biological sciences have undergone fundamental changes; the content has also deepened from the level of description and analysis to the direction of precision and quantification. The development of biological sciences uses bionics as a channel to deliver valuable information and rich nutrients to various natural sciences and technical sciences, accelerating the development of science. At this time, the scientific research of bionics shows infinite vitality, and its development and achievements will make a huge contribution to the development of the world's overall science and technology.

The research scope of bionics

The research scope of bionics mainly includes: mechanical bionics, molecular bionics, energy bionics, information and control bionics, etc.

◇Mechanical bionics studies and imitates the static properties of the gross structure and fine structure of living organisms, as well as the dynamic properties of the relative motion of each component of the living body in the body and the movement of the living body in the environment. For example, long-span thin-shell buildings imitating seashells and columns imitating femur structures not only eliminate areas where stress is particularly concentrated, but also use the least amount of building materials to bear the maximum load. In the military, the groove structure of dolphin skin is imitated, and artificial dolphin skin is applied to the shell of the ship, which can reduce navigation currents and increase sailing speed;

◇Molecular bionics is the study and simulation of enzymes in living organisms. Catalysis, selectivity and permeability of biological membranes, analysis and synthesis of biological macromolecules or their analogs, etc. For example, after clarifying the chemical structure of the sex attractant hormone of the forest pest gypsy moth, a similar organic compound was synthesized, which can trap and kill male insects in a field insect trap with one ten-millionth of a microgram;

◇Energy bionics is the study and imitation of energy conversion processes in living organisms such as bioluminescence of bioelectric organs and direct conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy by muscles;

◇Information and control bionics is the study and simulation of sensations The information processing process in living organisms in terms of organs, neurons and neural networks, as well as the intelligent activities of high-level centers. For example, an "autocorrelation velocimeter" based on the optokinetic response of a weevil can measure the landing speed of an aircraft. Based on the working principle of the retinal side suppression network of the horseshoe crab compound eye, some devices have been successfully developed that can enhance image contours, improve contrast, and thus contribute to blurred target detection. More than 100 types of neuron models have been established, and new computers have been constructed on this basis.

Imitate the human learning process and create a machine called a "perceptron", which can learn by changing the weight of the connections between components through training, thereby achieving pattern recognition. In addition, it also studies and simulates control mechanisms in biological systems such as homeostasis, motion control, animal orientation and navigation, as well as bionics aspects of human-machine systems.

In some literature, parts of molecular bionics and energy bionics are called chemical bionics, while parts of information and control bionics are called neurobionics.

The scope of bionics is very wide, and information and control bionics is a major field. On the one hand, it is due to the need for automation to develop towards intelligent control, and on the other hand, it is because biological science has developed to such a stage that studying the brain has become the biggest challenge to neuroscience. The bionics aspect of artificial intelligence and intelligent robot research—research on biological pattern recognition, research and simulation of brain learning, memory, and thinking processes, control reliability and coordination issues in living organisms, etc.—is the main focus of bionics research.

Control is closely related to information bionics and biological cybernetics. Both study control and information processes in biological systems, and both use models of biological systems. However, the purpose of the former is mainly to construct practical artificial hardware systems; while biological cybernetics seeks explanations for biological behavior based on the general principles of cybernetics and the theories of technical science.

The most extensive use of analogy, simulation and model methods is the outstanding feature of bionics research methods. The aim is not to directly replicate every detail, but to understand how biological systems work, with the central purpose of achieving specific functions. It is generally believed that there are the following three related aspects in bionics research: biological prototypes, mathematical models and hardware models.

The former is the foundation, the latter is the purpose, and the mathematical model is the indispensable bridge between the two.

Due to the complexity of biological systems, figuring out the mechanism of a certain biological system requires a long research cycle, and solving practical problems requires close collaboration between multiple disciplines over a long period of time, which limits the development speed of bionics. main reason.

The phenomenon of bionics

Flies and spaceships

The annoying flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand aerospace industry, but bionics Learning has closely linked them.

Flies are notorious as "stinky hunters", and they can be found in any smelly and dirty place. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell and can detect odors thousands of meters away. But a fly does not have a "nose", so how does it rely on its sense of smell? It turns out that the fly's "nose" - olfactory receptors are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.

Each "nose" has only one "nostril" connected to the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If an odor enters the "nostrils", these nerves immediately convert the odor stimulation into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain. The brain can distinguish different odor substances based on the differences in the nerve electrical impulses generated by different odor substances. Therefore, the fly's antennae act like a sensitive gas analyzer.

Bionics scientists were inspired by this and successfully copied a very peculiar small gas analyzer based on the structure and function of the fly's olfactory organ. The "probe" of this instrument is not a metal but a live fly. It is to insert very thin microelectrodes into the olfactory nerves of flies, and amplify the electrical nerve signals guided by electronic circuits and send them to the analyzer; once the analyzer detects the signal of odorous substances, it can sound an alarm. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas inside the cabin.

This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. Using this principle, it can also be used to improve the input device of the computer and the structural principles of the gas chromatography analyzer.

From fireflies to artificial cold light

Since humans invented the electric light, life has become much more convenient and rich. However, electric lamps can only convert a small part of the electrical energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy, and the heat rays of electric lamps are harmful to human eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light but does not generate heat? Human beings have turned their attention to nature again.

In nature, there are many organisms that can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, etc., and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is Known as "cold light".

Among the many luminous animals, fireflies are one of them. There are about 1,500 species of fireflies. The colors of the cold light they emit range from yellow-green to orange, and the brightness of the light also varies. The cold light emitted by fireflies not only has high luminous efficiency, but also the cold light emitted is generally very soft, which is very suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, biolight is an ideal light for humans.

Scientists have discovered that fireflies’ light emitters are located on their abdomens. This light emitter consists of three parts: a luminescent layer, a transparent layer and a reflective layer. The luminescent layer contains thousands of luminescent cells, which contain two substances, luciferin and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, luciferin combines with oxygen to emit fluorescence with the participation of intracellular water. The glow of fireflies is essentially the process of converting chemical energy into light energy.

As early as the 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps based on research on fireflies, which brought about great changes in human lighting sources. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure luciferin from the light emitters of fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then used chemical methods to artificially synthesize luciferin. A biological light source mixed with luciferin, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water can be used as a flashlight in mines filled with explosive gas. Since this kind of light has no power source and does not generate a magnetic field, it can be used to clear magnetic mines under the illumination of biological light sources.

Now, people can obtain cold light similar to biological light by mixing certain chemical substances, which can be used as safety lighting.

Electric fish and volt batteries

There are many creatures in nature that can produce electricity, and there are more than 500 species of fish alone. People refer to these fish that can discharge electricity as "electric fish".

Various electric fish have different discharge capabilities. The ones with the strongest discharge ability are electric rays, electric catfish and electric eels. A medium-sized electric ray can produce about 70 volts, while the African electric ray can produce up to 220 volts; the African electric catfish can produce 350 volts; the electric eel can produce 500 volts, and there is a South American electric eel. It can produce voltages up to 880 volts, making it the electric shock champion. It is said that it can kill large animals like horses.

What is the secret of electric fish discharge? After anatomical research on electric fish, it was finally discovered that there is a strange power-generating organ in the body of electric fish. These generators are made of many translucent disk-shaped cells called electroplates or electrodisks. Because there are different types of electric fish, the shape, location, and number of electric panels of the generator are different.

The electric eel's generator is prismatic and is located in the muscles on both sides of the tail spine; the electric ray's generator is shaped like a flat kidney, arranged on both sides of the body's midline, with a total of 2 million electric plates; the electric catfish's generator Originating from some kind of gland, located between the skin and muscles, there are about 5 million electrical plates. The voltage generated by a single electric plate is very weak, but because there are many electric plates, the voltage generated is very large.

The extraordinary ability of electric fish has aroused great interest among people. In the early 19th century, Italian physicist Volta designed the world's earliest voltaic battery using the electric fish's power-generating organ as a model. Because this battery is designed based on the natural generator of electric fish, it is called an "artificial electric organ." Research on electric fish has also given people this revelation: If the power-generating organ of electric fish can be successfully imitated, then the power problems of ships and submarines can be well solved.

Jellyfish's Wind-Earing

"Swallows fly low to clear the rain, and cicadas chirp in the middle of the rain and the sky clears up." There is a certain relationship between the behavior of living things and changes in the weather. Coastal fishermen all know that when fish and jellyfish living on the coast swim to the sea in groups, it indicates that a storm is coming.

Jellyfish, also called jellyfish, is an ancient coelenterate that floated in the ocean as early as 500 million years ago. This lower animal has the instinct to predict storms. Whenever a storm approaches, it swims to the sea for refuge.

It turns out that in the blue ocean, infrasound waves (frequency 8-13 times per second) generated by the friction between air and waves are always a prelude to the coming storm. This kind of infrasound cannot be heard by human ears, but small jellyfish are very sensitive. Bionicists discovered that there is a thin handle in the vibrating cavity of the jellyfish's ear. There is a small ball on the handle. There is a small hearing stone inside the ball. When the infrasound wave before the storm hits the hearing stone in the jellyfish's ear, At this time, the listening stone stimulates nerve receptors on the wall of the ball, so the jellyfish hears the rumble of the approaching storm.

Bionics scientists modeled the structure and function of jellyfish ears to design a jellyfish ear storm predictor, which accurately simulates the jellyfish's organ that senses infrasound waves. This instrument is installed on the front deck of the ship. When it receives the infrasound waves of the storm, it can cause the horn that rotates 360° to stop rotating on its own. The direction it points is the direction of the storm; the reading on the indicator is Can tell you the intensity of the storm. This kind of predictor can predict storms 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to the safety of navigation and fisheries.

Open categories:

Biology, natural science, nature, bionics, disciplines

Answer: Xiaobai Rabbit Xiaoyu - Assistant Level 2 3-13 17:10

Science is a science that studies the structure and properties of biological systems and engineering technology to provide new design ideas and working principles.

The term bionics was coined by American John Steele in 1960 based on the Latin word "bios" (meaning way of life) and the suffix "nlc" (meaning "having the properties of...") .

Bionics is a word formed by adding the Greek word bion, which means life, and ics, which means engineering technology. It has only been used since about 1960. The functions of living things are far superior to any artificially manufactured machinery. Biomimicry is a discipline that aims to realize and effectively apply biological functions in engineering. For example, regarding information reception (sensory function), information transmission (nerve function), automatic control system, etc., the structure and function of this organism have given great inspiration in mechanical design. Examples of bionics that can be cited include applying the body shape or skin structure of dolphins (which prevents turbulence on the body surface when swimming) to submarine design principles. Biomimicry is also considered to be a subject closely related to cybernetics, while cybernetics is a subject that mainly compares, studies and explains biological phenomena with mechanical principles.

Flies are spreaders of bacteria, and everyone hates them. However, the fly's wings (also called balance rods) are "natural navigators", and people imitated them to make "vibrating gyroscopes". This kind of instrument has been used in rockets and high-speed aircraft to realize automatic driving. The fly's eye is a "compound eye" composed of more than 3,000 small eyes. People imitate it to make "fly eye lenses". A "fly's eye lens" is made up of hundreds or thousands of small lenses arranged neatly together. It can be used as a lens to make a "fly's eye camera", which can take thousands of the same photos at one time. This kind of camera has been used in printing plate making and large-scale reproduction of tiny circuits in electronic computers, greatly improving work efficiency and quality. The "fly's eye lens" is a new type of optical component that has many uses.

Biomimicry refers to the science of constructing technical devices by imitating living things. It is a new fringe science that only emerged in the middle of this century. Biomimicry studies the structure, function and working principles of living organisms, and transplants these principles into engineering technology to invent instruments, devices and machines with superior performance and create new technologies. From the birth and development of bionics to the present, its research results have been very impressive.

The advent of bionics has opened up a unique technological development path, which is a path to obtain blueprints from the biological world. It has greatly broadened people's horizons and demonstrated extremely strong vitality.

[Edit this paragraph] Human bionics has a long history

Since ancient times, nature has been the source of various human technological ideas, engineering principles and major inventions. A wide variety of living things have gone through a long process of evolution, enabling them to adapt to changes in the environment and thus survive and develop. Labor creates human beings. With their upright body, hands that can work, and language for communicating emotions and thoughts, human beings have promoted the high development of the nervous system, especially the brain, in long-term production practices. Therefore, human beings' unparalleled abilities and intelligence far exceed all groups in the biological world. Human beings use their ingenuity and dexterous hands to make tools through labor, thereby gaining greater freedom in nature. Human wisdom not only stops at observing and understanding the biological world, but also uses humans' unique thinking and design abilities to imitate living things and increase their abilities through creative labor. Fish have the ability to come and go freely in the water, so people imitate the shape of fish to build boats, using wooden paddles to imitate fins. It is said that as early as the period of Dayu, the working people of ancient my country observed fish swimming and turning in the water with the swing of their tails, and they set up wooden oars on the stern of the boat. Through repeated observation, imitation and practice, he gradually changed to oars and rudders, increased the power of the ship, and mastered the means of turning the ship. In this way, people can make ships sail freely even in rough rivers.

The above inventions and attempts to imitate biological structures and functions can be considered the pioneers of human bionics and the bud of bionics.

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