Famous sentences describing landscapes

The green trees are adjacent to the village, and the green mountains and hills are sloping outside. ――――― Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village"

Going thousands of miles to join the army, you will pass through mountains and rivers like flying. ――――Mulan Poetry‖

To the north of Gushan Temple and to the west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is flat at first and the clouds are low at the feet. ――――Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake"

You can't be seen on the mountain winding road, leaving a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow. ――――Cen Shen's "Bai Xue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital"

The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains. ——Li Bai's "Early Departure from Baidi City"

But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Hu Ma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountain. ——Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress"

The sun sets over the mountains and the Yellow River flows into the sea. ——Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing the Stork Tower"

Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain. ――――Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci"

The mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way out, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers. ——Lu You's "Visiting Shanxi Village"

You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of the mountains. ―――――Du Fu's "Wang Yue"

Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan Mountain. ―――――Tao Yuanming's "Drinking"

Appreciation of Touring Shanxi Village

[Song Dynasty] Lu You

Mo Xiao Farmer's wax wine is muddy ①, and there are enough chickens for visitors in good years Dolphin ②.

There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers ③, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers ④.

The flutes and drums follow the Spring Society ⑤, and the simple and ancient style of clothing remains ⑥.

From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moon, I will knock on the door at night with my stick.

[About the author]

Lu You (1125-1210), a great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zi Wu Guan, nicknamed Fang Weng, was born in Shanyin (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) and worked in Baozhang Pavilion. When he was a child, Jin soldiers invaded the south and fled with his family, receiving a profound patriotism education. In his middle age, he went to Sichuan and Shaanxi to participate in the military life for nine years, which further stimulated his patriotic passion and had a great influence on his creation. Because he firmly advocated the war of resistance, he was often suppressed politically by surrender groups. In his later years, he lost his official position and returned to his hometown. His belief in serving the country never faded. He left more than 9,000 poems in his life, most of which were filled with patriotic enthusiasm and confidence in regaining lost territory. The bold style is the characteristic of his poetry.

Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's "Drinking"

●Original text

The house is in a human environment, without the noise of cars and horses. When I ask you how you can do it, your mind is far away and you are biased. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain. The mountain air is getting better day by day and the birds are flying back and forth. There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.

●Background introduction

Tao Yuanming (365～427) was a native of Chaisang, Xunyang. Tao's poems use his writing style to dilute the distant past and write about pastoral life and the scenery in the ruins, opening up a new realm for poetry.

There are twenty-two poems in the "Drinking" group, and this is the third one. There is a small preface at the beginning, indicating that they are all works written by Drunken. They were not written at one time and have no internal connection. They were written in an independent way. This song mainly expresses the taste of seclusion life. After working and getting drunk, under the glow of the sunset and shrouded in the mist of the mountains, picking chrysanthemums on the east fence and looking at the Nanshan Mountain in the distance. The sentiment at this time is so profound and eternal! A major feature of Tao's poetry is its simplicity, in which feelings and emotions are integrated and inseparable. He often uses words such as "forgetting" and "forgetting" to block the exploration and revelation of the laws of emotion and reason. This may be a manifestation of poetry's return to nature.

●Comments from Professor Cheng Yuzu of the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University

The host Tao Yuanming lives in the countryside and is a hermit who does not care about worldly affairs. He can have a profound impact on Chinese literature and even become a Can you talk about the spiritual destiny of later generations of scholar-officials? Can you talk about his position in the history of Chinese literature?

Cheng Yuzhu and Tao Yuanming have a very prominent position in the history of Chinese literature. It can be said that every one of his more than 120 poems is very, very good. We can say that poetry on many themes before the Tang Dynasty only reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. For example, among frontier poems, landscape poems, and farewell poems, there is only one very special phenomenon, that is, pastoral poetry was created by Tao Yuanming, and it was Tao Yuanming who pushed it to its peak. We say that there were many pastoral poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, and there were some pastoral poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli. So many pastoral poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties should say that the pastoral poems they created were all under the shadow of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry. It can be said that none of them surpassed Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry is a very valuable asset in the history of Chinese literature.

He was born in 365 AD and died in 427 AD. Life can be divided into three periods: before the age of 29, he was mainly studying. From the age of 29 to 41, he came out to be an official and then went into seclusion. It was a period of repeated official seclusion. When he was the county magistrate in Pengze, his superiors came to inspect his work. His subordinate scribes said, "Hurry up and put on your clothes and hat before going to greet him." He sighed and said, "I can't bow down to a village boy for five buckets of rice." So he hung up his crown and left. This spirit of unwillingness to give up for five buckets of rice is the pride of our Chinese intellectuals, and it has influenced generations of intellectuals. Like Li Bai, he said, "An Neng can defeat the powerful and make me unhappy." This kind of spirit is very valuable. Then after he hung up his crown and retired to the countryside, he lived in seclusion in the countryside, and spent his later years in the countryside.

He has a very good relationship with the villagers. When he has wine, he invites the elderly people next door to drink with him. When he doesn't have wine, he knocks on other people's doors and asks if they have wine at home, so this is very straightforward. of. Moreover, he personally participated in manual labor. He wrote a poem: "Bean planting is at the foot of the southern mountain. The grass is thick with bean seedlings. I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth. I return home with a lotus in the moon. The road is narrow and the grass and trees are long. The evening dew touches my clothes. My clothes are stained by the dew." It’s not a pity, but it’s true.” Most people understand this “wish” as the wish to return to nature, but I think there is another explanation besides this, that is, this wish is the wish for a good harvest. I think that as long as there is a good harvest, it doesn't matter if the clothes get wet. This understanding may be closer to ordinary people, and it does not affect the greatness of Tao Yuanming's image at all. Tao Yuanming was very straightforward in character. He said, "There is little luck in adapting to the secular world, and his nature is to love mountains and mountains." He liked nature and straightforwardness very much. There is a very typical example. He doesn't know how to play the piano, but he always has a stringless harp at home, which is the harp without strings. When he gets happy, he picks the harp. Without the strings, there will definitely be no sound. , there is no sound, don’t want this sound. "But if there is interest in the piano, why bother with the sound of the strings." That is to say, as long as there is interest in the movement of the piano, there is no need for the sound of the sub-strings. This is very interesting. One of his favorite things in life is wine and the other is chrysanthemums. These two points are very prominent, and both of them are vividly reflected in the fifth chapter of "Drinking".

The host asks you to comment on Tao Yuanming’s song "Drinking".

This poem by Cheng Yuzhu is a very good poem. He begins by saying, "The house is built in the human world, without the noise of cars and horses." He built his house in the human world, but he couldn't hear it. When it comes to the noise of carriages and horses, then there must be "the noise of carriages and horses" "in the human realm". Why is there no "noise of carriages and horses"? He asked himself, "Ask you, what can you do?" That means I am asking you what is the reason why you have reached this point? Next he answered, "Pick chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and see the Nanshan Mountain leisurely." This is Tao Yuanming's very famous poem about chrysanthemums. "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence" means looking down. "Looking at Nanshan leisurely" means looking up. When "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence", you inadvertently raise your head to look at Nanshan. The beautiful Nanshan Mountain is Lushan Mountain, and Lushan Mountain in his hometown suddenly caught his eye. Therefore, the word "see" is used very well. Su Dongpo once said: If the word "see" Nanshan is changed to "look" at Nanshan, all the spirit will be lost. Next, he said, "The mountain air is getting better day by day, and the birds are returning home." That is to say, the natural landscape in the mountains is very good in the morning and evening. In the atmosphere, the birds returned to their nests. Then from such a very natural and straightforward artistic conception, Tao Yuanming felt a certain situation in life. However, such a very delicate situation is difficult to express in words. It can only be understood but not expressed in words, so "I have forgotten my words in the attempt to argue."

Moderator What is the significance of this poem to us today?

This poem by Cheng Yuzu is a very good poem. Its good thing is that the feelings are very sincere and everything is natural, especially "Asking you, how can you do it? My heart is far away and I am biased." , "The mind is far away and is biased" has some inspiration for us today, that is, we live in a very modern and very noisy society today, and it is no longer possible for us to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests as we did in Tao Yuanming's era. In this very lively reality, as long as each of us keeps his mind away from some fame and wealth, some material pursuits, and some secular officialdom, then the place where we live will become remote, and our mood will also Become peaceful. We will also overcome some impetuous emotions and make ourselves very peaceful. This is very beneficial to the cultivation of our own lives and the tranquility of our society.

[Notes]

①Lajiu: wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month of the first year.

②Tún (tún): It means preparing sumptuous dishes. Pig, piglet, refers to pork in the poem.

③ Mountains and rivers: mountains and rivers.

④The willows are dark and the flowers are bright: The green willows are lush and the shade is thick, and the flowers are delicate and bright.

⑤Xiaogu: Play the flute and drum. Spring Society: In ancient times, the day after the beginning of spring to worship the earth god was called Spring Society Day.

⑥Ancient customs: retaining the simple ancient customs.

⑦Ruoxu: If so. Take advantage of the moon: Come by the moonlight when you have free time.

⑧No time: any time. Knock (kòu): knock on the door.

[Translation]

Don’t laugh at the farmers’ drunkenness. In a good harvest year, there will be plenty of delicacies to entertain guests.

There are mountains and rivers, and there is no way out. Suddenly, the willows are dark green, the flowers are bright, and a village appears in front of you.

You play the flute, I beat the drum, we form a team to celebrate, the Chunshe Festival is approaching, commoners wear plain hats, and the simple ancient customs are still preserved.

From today on, if you are allowed to travel by moonlight, I, a white-haired old man, will also enjoy the night, leaning on a cane and knocking on the firewood door.

[Explanation]

This is a simple and natural travel poem about a mountain village. The poet uses sincere feelings and clear writing style to describe the mountain village scenery and farm customs, and the atmosphere of life is very rich.

The poem vividly describes the scenery and customs of the poet's hometown, and is full of a strong flavor of life. The first two sentences of the poem use friendly words such as "mo laugh" and "foot chicken dolphin" to express the villagers' sincere and sincere attitude towards guests. The third and fourth lines of the poem describe the scenery of the mountain village and are famous lines that have always been praised by people. The words "heavy" and "fu" in the third sentence are synonymous, and together with the word "suspicious", they create a confusing scene of overlapping mountains and rivers; the words "dark" and "bright" in the fourth sentence are mutually exclusive. As a foil, together with the word "you", it depicts a surprising scene of green trees and scorching flowers. The fifth and sixth lines of the poem describe the folk customs here. The flutes and drums are playing in unison, and the clothes are simple, which expresses the poet's praise of the simple rural life. In the last two lines of the poem, the author expresses his feelings. The warm hospitality, beautiful scenery, and simple folk customs here made the poet very interested. However, the poet did not describe this mood directly, but expressed it in another way in a tortuous way, saying, "From now on, if you can take a leisurely ride on the moon, there will be no time to lean on a stick." "Knocking on the door at night" shows that the interest is strong and strong.