A lot of information about hibiscus flowers
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Alias Zhu Jin, Honghua, Zhu Jin Peony. It is an evergreen shrub of Malvaceae. The stems are erect and multi-branched, up to 6 meters high. Leaves alternate, broadly ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 7 ~ 10 cm long, 3 main veins, sharp or tapering apex, coarsely serrated or notched leaf margin, nearly entire base, hairless or slightly sparse dorsal veins, like mulberry leaves. Flowers are large, stalks drooping or straight, solitary in the axils of upper leaves, single and double; Single petals are funnel-shaped, usually rose red, while double petals are not funnel-shaped, but red, yellow and pink. Flowering occurs all year round, and it is the most prosperous in summer and autumn. It is the national flower of Malaysia.
Growth habit
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Originally from China, it is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Born in sparse forests in mountainous areas, it is easy to grow, with strong resistance, few pests and diseases. It likes warm and humid climate, is not cold-resistant, and requires sufficient sunshine. It grows well in areas where the average temperature is higher than 10℃. Like light, not tolerant of shade, suitable for growing in slightly acidic soil with rich organic matter and pH value of 6.5-7. The south is planted as a hedge, and the greenhouse in the north of the Yangtze River basin is potted.
Common varieties
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The common variety is a beautiful American beauty with deep rose-red flowers. Orange-yellow hibiscus, single petal, orange-red flowers, purple flower center. Butter balls, double yellow balls. Butterfly, single, with small yellow flowers. Golden California gold, single, golden yellow, crimson heart. Single dark rose-red flower with white center. Cooperi, the leaves are long and narrow, needle-shaped, green, with white, pink and red stripes. These flowers are small and bright red. The crown of blood, double petals, yellow flowers can turn orange. Gold, single petal, orange, orange in the center. Hula hoop, single petal, large flower, flower diameter 15cm, yellow to orange-red, deep red flower center. Lateritia, the flowers are orange and yellow, and the flower heart is black and red. Pure yellow hibiscus, single petal, orange blossom. Crabgrass, red stems, grayish green leaves, single petals, magenta flowers, deep red veins and deep red flower hearts. Foggy double large yellow flower. Presidential, single petal, scarlet, dark pink. Double red flower, small, deep red. Rosea, double rose. Sunset, double, orange-red flowers. Matador, single petal, big flower, flower diameter 12 ~ 15cm, yellow with red flower center. Vulcan, single petal, big flower, red. White wing, single petal, big flower, white.
Cultivation method
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It is as good to use ring-knot cuttings as terminal bud cuttings, but generally speaking, terminal buds with a length of 10~ 12cm are used. The cut buds can be planted directly in the pot to be sold, usually 2 cut buds per pot. If the cut buds are sold as small potted plants, they should be inserted into pots for propagation (with end plates). Breeding in a confined space (such as plastic tarpaulin). Rooting begins 35~40 days after cutting, but it depends on the cutting time within one year and the temperature is 22 ~23 degrees. The source of cutting branches can be obtained from mother plants or plants to be sold. If it is obtained from these plants, the culture time generally needs to be extended by 2~3 weeks.
Placement space of potted plants: The cut buds should be planted in a pot of 1 1cm, and clay and lime should be used as fertilizer substrates. Space is 25~30 pots per square meter.
Climate and summer temperature: 18+2 (at sunrise)
Winter temperature: 16 +2 (at sunrise).
Outdoor temperature: 26 degrees.
The temperature of the heating table can be 2~3 degrees higher than the air temperature. The lowest temperature refers to the use of curtains at night, otherwise the temperature should be raised.
Humidity: The relative humidity should not be too high.
Shading: No need.
cultivation techniques
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Fusang, also known as Zhu Jin, originated in southern China. I like warm and humid climate, and I am not cold-resistant, frost-resistant and shade-tolerant. It is suitable for growing in sunny and ventilated places, and has low requirements for soil, but it grows best in fertile and loose slightly acidic soil, and the winter temperature is not lower than 5 degrees Celsius.
Propagation: Cutting and grafting propagation are commonly used. Cutting can be carried out except in winter, but the survival rate is high in rainy season. One-year-old semi-lignified cuttings are the best, the length is 10 cm, the top has leaves, the incision is flat, the sand bed is inserted, and it takes root about 3 weeks after insertion. Grafting is mostly used for double-flowered varieties that are difficult to cut, either by branch grafting or bud grafting, and the rootstock is single-flowered hibiscus.
Cultivation: potted hibiscus flowers, changing pots every spring, pruning and shaping. Fusang is more fertilizer-tolerant, applying fertilizer 1 time every month in the growing period and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 2-3 times in the flowering period. Insufficient light makes the buds fall off easily, and the flowers become smaller and the color is dim. Nanjing area must be moved indoors in winter.
Key points of cultivation
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1. Choose loose and weakly acidic soil with abundant sunshine, warm and humid climate, fertile soil and good drainage.
2. Propagation method Cutting propagation is mostly used in production. In May and June, outdoor cultivation combined with early spring pruning is adopted for cutting, and annual semi-wood branches are selected for cutting, with the cutting length of 8- 10cm. Except for the lower leaves, half of the upper leaves can be cut off, and the upper leaves can be inserted with coarse sand of 65,438+0/3, and then watered, with the plant spacing of 4cm × 0cm. In order to keep the air temperature, it is covered with a film. After 20 days, most of them take root and can grow in pots for more than a month. Generally, indoor cutting combined with pruning in early spring (1-February) has a good effect. In a cold place, the temperature is kept at 20-25℃ by heating, sand is filled in the basin, and water is sprayed 1-3 times a day. After more than 40 days, the survival rate is 60%.
3. After the transplanted seedlings take root, put them on the pot, prepare the pot soil with 4 parts of sandy loam and 65,438+0 parts of manure, mix them evenly, cover the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot with tiles, put the base fertilizer at the bottom, then put them in the mixed soil to plant the seedlings, water them 65,438+0 times a day, shade them, and put them in the shade for 2-3 years before changing them.
4. Field management Outdoor cultivation and indoor cultivation should be shaded in the early stage after cutting, keep the relative humidity at 85%-95%, control the temperature at 18-25℃, and ensure certain illumination. Fertilize once every half month, put it in the greenhouse after 10, control the room temperature at 15-22℃, and start ventilation. Temperature is very important in the process of hibiscus management, which involves the length and amount of flowering period. Summer has many flowers, long flowering period, low temperature, few flowers and short flowering period.
Fusang maintenance
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Fusang originated in China and distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces. I like warm, humid and sunny environment, and I am not tolerant of drought and frost. Potted plants must be planted in the north of the Yangtze River and moved indoors in winter.
The flowering period of hibiscus is very long. At the temperature of 15℃-20℃, flowers bloom all year round.
Fusang has strong resilience and extensive management, and does not need special management. As long as the following principles are mastered in maintenance, it can thrive.
1. Changing pots and pruning
The soil for potted plants should be loose and fertile sandy loam, and the pots should be changed before moving in early spring and April every year. There are three things to do when changing pots: first, put in new culture soil; The second is to cut off some fibrous roots that are too dense and curly; The third is to apply plantar fertilizer and slightly add phosphate fertilizer to the pelvic floor.
In order to maintain a beautiful tree shape and a large number of flowers, according to the characteristics of strong germination ability of hibiscus, pruning and shaping can be carried out before and after leaving the house in early spring. Except for 2-3 buds at the base, all the upper branches were cut off. Pruning can promote the new branches to grow more vigorously and the plant shape is beautiful. Water and fertilizer should be properly controlled after pruning, because the consumption of aboveground parts is reduced.
2. Management after going out
At the beginning of May, the positive tree species in Hibiscus should be moved outdoors and placed in a sunny place. At this time, it is also the growing season of hibiscus, so management work such as fertilization and watering, loosening soil and pulling weeds should be strengthened. Apply dilute liquid fertilizer every 7- 10 days, and water it according to the wet and dry conditions of the basin soil. Too dry or too wet will affect flowering. Management should be cautious after autumn, and pay attention to less fertilization in the later period to avoid sprouting autumn shoots. Autumn bamboo shoots are tender and weak in cold resistance, and will be frozen when the weather is cold.
When entering the house in time, Fusang is not frost-tolerant. After the first frost, it must be moved indoors to keep warm before beginning of winter. The overwintering temperature shall not be lower than 5℃ to avoid freezing injury; Not higher than 15℃, so as not to affect dormancy. Poor dormancy leads to poor growth and flowering in the following year. All furniture rooms with good heat preservation conditions facing south can survive the winter, and can be covered with paper or plastic film for heat preservation when the weather is cold. Move the house for the first time every day, open the window for ventilation, pay attention to the dry and wet changes of the basin soil, and water it properly. In the coldest days, watering can prevent freezing injury, but fertilization should be stopped.
control of insect
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The main pests and diseases of hibiscus are aphids, scale insects and Bemisia tabaci. Prevention and control method: after the pest occurs, spray dimethoate 1500-2000 times.
Horticultural application
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The bright flowers of hibiscus bloom in the evening, and they are colorful. In the south, they are mostly scattered in front of pavilions, roadside and walls in Chi Pan. Potted hibiscus is suitable for living room and porch decoration.
Fusang Huayu
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Flower language: fresh love, implicit beauty.
Hibiscus is the state flower of Hawaii. Seeing hibiscus flowers will remind people of the blue sky and blue sea beach and the southern beauty with a grass skirt around her waist. It is said that indigenous girls put hibiscus flowers above their left ears to indicate "I hope to have a lover" and above their right ears to indicate "I already have a lover". What about both sides? I already have a lover, but I hope to have another one.
The appearance of hibiscus flower is warm and unrestrained, but it has a unique flower heart, which is formed by connecting most small flowers and wrapping them outside the big flowers. The structure is quite detailed, just like a slender heart under a warm exterior.
Ancient records
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Li Mingzhizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" has three eyes: "Fusang is produced in the south and is a different kind of hibiscus. Its branches are weak, its leaves are dark green and slightly astringent like mulberry. Its flowers are red, yellow and white, and the red one is particularly expensive. Called Zhu Xi. "
Xu Mingwei's poem "I have heard of people who have bought hibiscus flowers" reads: "Remember the 50 frost in Tangjiang River, and remember the rotten hibiscus when the flowers bloom." .
Wu Zhenfang's Miscellaneous Notes on Lingnan in the Qing Dynasty: "There are hibiscus flowers everywhere in central Guangdong, ranging from mulberry, red, reddish and Huang San, to peony, which blooms at dusk and falls again from March to October."
Medicinal value
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Flowers, leaves, stems and roots of hibiscus can be used as medicine, and roots are the main ones. Flowers contain gossypol, quercitrin, cyanidin, kaempferol, vinegar, rice straw liquid and vitamins. Leaves and stems contain salbutamol, dandelion sterol, acetate and enzyme. Roots contain tannins. Hibiscus flowers are sweet and cold in nature, and have the effects of clearing away lung-heat, resolving phlegm, cooling blood, detoxifying, inducing diuresis and detumescence, and are suitable for lung-heat cough, mumps, mastitis, acute conjunctivitis, urinary tract infection, nosebleeds and irregular menstruation. Hibiscus leaves are mainly used for skin ulcers. The effect of hibiscus root is the same as that of hibiscus flower.
Medical application
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Harvesting and processing: leaves, stems and roots can be harvested in four seasons, and flowers can be picked in flower season. Remove dirt and impurities after harvest, dry in the sun for later use (slice stems and roots), or use fresh products. Used for menstruation, mumps or arthritis, and can also be fried with wine.
Usage: Usually used as decoction or stew. For external use, the flowers or leaves are mashed and applied to the affected area.
Method:
1. Mumps: 30g of fresh hibiscus flowers, decocted in water. At the same time, mash the hibiscus leaves and apply them to the affected area.
2. Mastitis, swelling and pain: fresh hibiscus flowers are mashed, mixed with a little honey and applied to the affected area.
3. Urinary tract infection: 20 grams of hibiscus flowers and roots each, decocted in water.
4. Irregular menstruation: fresh hibiscus flowers 30g, angelica 10g, decocted in water.