I want to ask you some questions in Spanish
1. Because time is also a noun (usually la, las, el, los are added before nouns).
2.Aquello means this thing, so Qué es aquello? What is this, Aquello es una lámpara. This is a lamp.
3. It seems to be "What day is today?"
4. tienes and tiene are different. The verb (verbo) in Spanish is changing, for example
yo (me) tengo
tu (you) tienes
el o ella (he or she) tiene and so on. There are also many types such as "presente", "pasado" (there are many different past tenses), "futuro".
5. I don’t understand what you mean. But tiempo means "weather" and hacer means "doing" or something like that. Qué tiempo hace hoy means "what's the weather like today".
If you are in Spain now, you will know the word hacer better. I don’t know how to say it to you in Chinese. . . . .