Urgent! ! ! ! ! ! How to write a handwritten newspaper about civilization, etiquette and growth

There are many above, you can take a look

Remember to add points 1. The format of the handwritten newspaper

Use the octavo page format for handwritten newspapers , folded in half to form one and two editions. It is required to have a title, a masthead and a tail. The layout is reasonable and the layout design is well-proportioned. The handwriting should be standard and beautiful, and should always be written with a ball pen or fountain pen.

2. The content of the handwritten newspaper

The content of the handwritten newspaper is rich and diverse. It can be both classroom content and extracurricular content; it can be Chinese knowledge, It can also involve content from other subjects such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and English; it can focus on knowledge accumulation, or it can involve discussion of study methods and finding solutions to difficult problems; it can either review old knowledge or preview new content. Specific requirements: Generally, the content of the tabloid is formulated in accordance with the teaching content and progress. One issue is every two weeks. Each issue is required to have a clear title and determine the key content. The priorities are clear and the layout is fresh and lively.

3. Specific steps

1. Explain the meaning clearly and stimulate interest

The significance of running a handwritten newspaper is to cultivate practical language skills such as reading, writing, listening and speaking. ability to realize students' subjective development in Chinese learning. By guiding students to use their hands and brains, we promote Chinese learning, cultivate students' interest in learning Chinese, and improve students' ability to use Chinese. Enhance students' independence, initiative and creativity. And let students realize that Chinese is a basic tool. Regarding the importance of learning Chinese, the syllabus clearly states: "Chinese is the basic tool for learning and working. The Chinese subject is the basis for learning other subjects. Learning Chinese well is not only necessary for learning other subjects well, but also will have consequences for future work and study. Far-reaching influence." This is the clear positioning of the syllabus on the Chinese subject. From these two words "tool" and "basic" we can understand the importance of learning Chinese well. However, in real life, how many situations in which study and work are affected due to poor language proficiency? Some students are very good in science, but fail because of poor liberal arts. Some people love mathematics, but are unable to solve complex application problems. Some people do very well at work, and when asked to summarize their experience, they can’t say one, two, or three. From high school and college entrance examinations to continuing learning at work; from work summaries at work and study to the transmission and exchange of large amounts of information in social work, they are all inseparable from the tool of Chinese and all rely on this foundation. So how can we seriously lay this foundation and master this tool from now on? Relying on one Chinese class a day? Easier said than done. In current studies, we are not allowed to spend too much time learning Chinese. So, is there a way to combine in-class and extra-curricular activities; how to promote each other between Chinese learning and other subjects? At this time, the students were very active, some were thinking with their eyes flashing; others were looking forward to the teacher's answer with expectant eyes. At this time, I did not tell the answer, but took advantage of the situation and asked: "Do you want to be an editor or a reporter?" At this time, the students all said: "I want to"! At this time, I told them (her) about my idea of ​​running a newspaper: "By running a handwritten newspaper, you can not only try to be an editor and a reporter, but also be the editor-in-chief and do your own layout and design. This is a very challenging task." Activity, I believe that as long as you persist in writing handwritten newspapers, you will not only improve your language learning level, but your comprehensive abilities such as typesetting and design will also be exercised and improved." At this time, the students were all eager to try, and it seemed from their expectant eyes. Question marks are flashing one after another, what is a handwritten newspaper? What to do? Can I do it well?

2. Typical guidance

The enthusiasm has been mobilized. The next task is to provide specific guidance on how to prepare a handwritten newspaper. My approach is:

(1) Let students first independently prepare a handwritten newspaper issue, draft their own topics, select their own materials, design and copy by themselves. You can refer to "Study News" and "Beijing Daily", or you can use your own imagination. Time to complete within two weeks.

(2) Select a few better ones from the collected manuscripts, give them careful guidance, and let them revise them repeatedly. After repeated revisions, the handwritten newspaper basically met the requirements. I showed the advantages of each newspaper to the students in the form of comments. During the review process, I explained the basic format of the handwritten newspaper to everyone in more detail. Go back Practice again. After such repeated practice, the students have basically mastered the reporting method.

(3) Specific requirements and standardized handwritten reports.

After most students mastered the basic format of the handwritten newspaper, in order to improve the quality of the handwritten newspaper, I made further demands.

A. The handwritten newspaper should have a clear theme, concentrated content, and novel titles. Create a catchy title based on the central content. For example: "Mainly reviewing old knowledge, it can be drafted as a "Review Guidance Newspaper". If the content is about Chinese knowledge, it can be drafted as a "Chinese Learning Newspaper", and strive to be novel.

B. The layout is reasonable. Reasonable layout mainly means that the layout is well-proportioned, the priorities are clear, the horizontal and vertical sections are uneven, and the illustrations are in reasonable positions.

C. Writing must be standardized. Pen or ballpoint pen. It is required that the handwriting should be clear, the stroke order should be standardized, and the size should be appropriate (approximately three meters away can be read clearly)

3. The evaluation will stimulate interest and promote improvement.

In order to continuously improve the quality of the handwritten newspapers and further stimulate the enthusiasm of the students, I insist on reading each issue carefully, commenting carefully, and commenting on the best ones.

The principle: focus on praising the merits.

The content of the review: from form to content, from the overall layout to the arrangement and design of each section, from material selection to writing. Copying reflects a student's comprehensive ability, which cannot be improved through one or two periods of practice. There is a step-by-step process. During this process, the teacher's patient guidance and enthusiastic encouragement are the motivation to overcome difficulties and persist. Therefore, in the review, I do not hesitate to praise every bit of progress and every exquisite work of the students. There is really nothing to praise. As long as it is submitted on time, I will praise it so that the students can listen with a peaceful and happy attitude. Teacher’s comments, learn from others’ strengths, appreciate your own progress, and think about how to improve your own newspaper.

The principle of exhibition: select the best from the best, and take into account differences. level.

After two or three issues of comments and careful practice by the students, in each issue of the handwritten newspaper, there will be many good works with beautiful form and substantial content. In addition to carefully commenting and praising them, I also display them in the class for everyone to observe and study. Although some students' works are not very good, they do their best. We also give appropriate opportunities for exhibitions. The exhibition range is generally 1/2 or 1/3. If it is too small, it will make most students feel unattainable and affect their enthusiasm. If it is too small, it will affect their enthusiasm. , and lacks demonstration, it is easy for the exhibition to become a mere formality. Answerer: Da-She-Wu | Level 2 | 2011-2-27 14:11

Buy an answerer: a469619855 | Level 1 | 2011-3-1 18:56

Ancient Etiquette

Etiquette is etiquette and ceremony. In ancient China, there was a theory of "five rites". Sacrifice is an auspicious ceremony, and wedding ceremony is an auspicious ceremony. Things are called honorable etiquette, things related to guests are called guest etiquette, things related to the military are called military etiquette, and things related to funerals are called ominous etiquette. Folk customs believe that etiquette includes four kinds of life etiquette: birth, crown, wedding, and funeral. In fact, etiquette can be divided into political and life etiquette. Two major categories. The political category includes sacrifices to heaven, earth, ancestral temples, sacrifices to ancestors and saints, drinking ceremonies to honor teachers, meeting ceremonies, military ceremonies, etc. According to Xunzi, the origin of life etiquette has "three roots", namely "the foundation of heaven and earth", "the ancestors are the foundation of humankind", and "the king and teacher are the foundation of governance". Among etiquette, funeral ceremonies were the earliest. For the deceased, the funeral ceremony is to appease their ghosts, while for the living, it is a ritual that honors the elder and the younger, and fulfills filial piety and upholds human ethics. In the process of the establishment and implementation of etiquette, the Chinese patriarchal system was born (see Chinese Patriarchal Law). The essence of etiquette is the way to govern people and is a derivative of the belief in ghosts and gods. People believe that all things are controlled by invisible ghosts and gods, and performing rituals is to please the ghosts and gods for blessings. Therefore, etiquette originated from the belief in ghosts and gods, and is also a special manifestation of the belief in ghosts and gods. The emergence of the "Three Rites" ("Rites", "Book of Rites", and "Zhou Rites") marks the mature stage of the development of etiquette. During the Song Dynasty, etiquette was integrated with feudal ethics and moral teachings, that is, etiquette and etiquette were mixed, and became one of the effective tools for implementing etiquette. Etiquette serves the purpose of persuading virtue, and red tape is used to its fullest extent. It was not until modern times that etiquette was truly reformed. Both the etiquette of the country's political life and the etiquette of people's lives were changed into new content of atheism, thus becoming modern civilized etiquette.

Ancient political etiquette

1. Sacrifice to heaven. The heaven-sacrifice that began in the Zhou Dynasty is also called the Suburban Sacrifice. It is held on the southern outskirts of the capital on the day of the winter solstice. The ancients first paid attention to the worship of entities, and the worship of heaven was also reflected in the worship of the moon and the worship of the stars. All these concrete worships, after reaching a certain amount, were abstracted into the worship of heaven. People in the Zhou Dynasty worshiped heaven, which developed from the worship of "emperors" in the Yin Dynasty. The supreme ruler was the emperor, and the power of the king was granted by God. Sacrifice to heaven served the supreme ruler. Therefore, the popularity of worshiping heaven did not end until the Qing Dynasty.

2. Sacrifice to the ground. The summer solstice is the day of worshiping the earth, and the etiquette is roughly the same as that of worshiping the sky. In the Han Dynasty, the God of Earth was called Earth Mother, saying that she was the goddess who blessed mankind and was also called the God of Society. The earliest sacrifice to the ground was a blood sacrifice. After the Han Dynasty, the belief in Feng Shui that it was inappropriate to break ground became prevalent. The etiquette of offering sacrifices to the land also includes offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, to the gods of earth, to the gods of grain, to the gods of crops, etc.

3. Sacrifice in the ancestral temple. The ancestral temple system is the product of ancestor worship. The ancestral temple is the residence built by people for the souls of the dead in the mortal world. The emperor's ancestral temple system is seven temples for the emperor, five temples for the princes, three temples for the officials, and one temple for the scholars. Common people are not allowed to build temples. The location of the ancestral temple was that the emperor and the princes were located on the left side of the door, while the officials slept on the left and right sides of the temple. For common people, there are ancestral shrines next to the kitchen hall in their dormitories. During the sacrifice, divination is also required to select the corpse. The corpse is usually played by the grandchildren. The main deity in the temple is a wooden rectangular parallelepiped, which is placed only for sacrifices. The sacrifices cannot be called by their names. Nine prayers are performed during sacrifices: "Ji Shou", "Dun Shou", "Empty Shou", "Zhen Shou", "Ji Shou", "Obsession", "Qi Shou", "Praise Pray" and "Supreme Pray". Sacrifices in ancestral temples also include sacrifices to previous emperors. According to the "Book of Rites·Quli", all ancestors who have made meritorious services to the people, such as Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun, Yu, Huangdi, King Wen, and King Wu, must be worshiped. Since the Han Dynasty, cemeteries and temples have been built to worship ancestors. Taizu of the Ming Dynasty initiated the establishment of temples for emperors of all dynasties in Kyoto. During the Jiajing period, a temple for emperors of all dynasties was built in Fuchengmen, Beijing, to worship the thirty-six emperors of the past.

4. Sacrifice to the ancestors. After the Han and Wei dynasties, Zhou Gong was regarded as the first sage and Confucius was the first teacher; in the Tang Dynasty, Confucius was regarded as the first sage and Yan Hui was the first teacher. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the "Shidian" ceremony (a ritual of recommending food and drink, with music but no corpse) has been used as a scholarly ceremony and as a ceremony for worshiping Confucius. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, memorial ceremonies were held twice a year in the spring and autumn, and temples of Confucius and Yan were also set up in various counties and schools. In the Ming Dynasty, Confucius was called "the most holy teacher". In the Qing Dynasty, there was a Confucius Temple in Shengjing (Shenyang, Liaoning Province). After Beijing was established as the capital, the Imperial Confucian Temple was established with the imperial

Zijian of the capital as the Imperial Academy. Confucius called him "the most holy master of literature and propaganda in Dacheng". Qufu's temple system, sacrificial vessels, musical instruments and etiquette are based on Beijing Taixue. The rural drinking ceremony is the product of offering sacrifices to ancestors and saints.

5. Meeting ceremony. When subordinates pay respects to their superiors, they should bow to each other. Officials should bow to each other. Dukes, marquises, and consorts should bow twice when they meet each other. The subordinates who live in the west bow first, and the superiors who live in the east respond. When common people meet each other, they salute according to their elders and younger ones. Do four bows when you are outside, and bow when you are near.

6. Military salute. Including conquest, taxation, hunting, construction, etc.

Ancient life etiquette ①Birth ceremony. From a woman's request for a child when she is not pregnant to the baby's first birthday, all rituals revolve around the theme of longevity. The sacrifice of Gaozi is the etiquette of begging for children. At this time, an altar was set up in the southern suburbs, and all the concubines and concubines participated. During the Han and Wei dynasties, there were sacrifices to Gaozi. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the etiquette for the sacrifice of Gaozi was formulated. In the Jin Dynasty, Gaozi was used to worship the Qing Emperor. A wooden square platform was built in the north of Yong'an Gate in the east of the imperial city, with a statue of Gaozi under the platform. . In the Qing Dynasty, there was no Gaoluo sacrifice, but there was a "rope-changing" ceremony with the same meaning. Birth ceremonies have tended to favor boys over girls since ancient times. Birth ceremonies also include "three dynasties", "full moon", "hundred days", "one year old", etc. "Three Chaos" means that a baby receives gifts from all aspects on the third day after his birth. "Full Moon" shaves the fetal hair when the baby is one month old. On the "hundredth day", the uncle-recognizing ceremony and naming ceremony are performed. The "Zhou Zhou Ceremony" is performed when the child is "one year old" to predict the child's life destiny and good or bad career. ②The coming-of-age ceremony, also called the crowning ceremony, is a crowning ceremony for men who enter the ranks of adults. The crown ceremony evolved from the initiation ceremony that young men and women participated in when they matured, which was popular in clan society. The Han Dynasty followed the Zhou Dynasty's crown ceremony system. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jia Guan began to be accompanied by music. The crown ceremony was practiced in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, but was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Many ethnic minority areas in China still retain ancient rites of passage, such as tooth extraction, tooth dyeing, wearing skirts, pants, and hair buns. ③Eating etiquette of eating swallows. The banquet is held in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, where the guests are served with food. The emphasis is on the etiquette rather than on the food. Yan is the banquet, and the Yan ceremony is held in the palace, where the guests of honor can drink as much as they want. Yanli has a profound influence on the formation of Chinese food culture.

Festival banquets form festival food etiquette in Chinese folk food customs. Yuanxiao is eaten on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, cold rice and cold food are eaten on the Qingming Festival, rice dumplings and realgar wine are served on the Dragon Boat Festival in May, mooncakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival, Laba rice porridge, dumplings on New Year's Eve, etc. are all part of the festival rituals. Eating specific foods on specific festivals is also a dietary etiquette. The seating arrangements at the banquet, the order in which dishes are served, and the etiquette of inviting and toasting wine all also have requirements on men and women, superiority and inferiority, elder-younger relationships, and taboos in praying and praying in social customs. ④Guest service. It is mainly a courtesy to guests. There are hierarchical differences in gift-giving etiquette when interacting with guests. When a gentleman meets his guest, he will treat the host as a pheasant; when a lower-level official meets, he will treat a goose as a zhi; when an upper-level official meets a senior official, he will treat a lamb as a zhi. ⑤Five sacrifices. Refers to the sacrificial door, household, well, stove, and middle (middle room). In the Zhou Dynasty, households were worshiped in spring, stoves in summer, Zhongliu in June, doors in autumn, and wells in winter. During the Han and Wei dynasties, five sacrifices were performed according to the seasons. In the third month of Mengdong, there was a "La Wu Sacrifice", with a total of one sacrifice. In the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, the theory of "seven sacrifices to the emperor" was adopted, including worshiping Siming (little god in the palace), Zhong, Guomen, Guoxing, Taili (wild ghost), Hu, and Zao. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, five sacrifices were still held. After the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the special sacrifices at the door, door, middle, and well were abandoned. The stove was only worshiped on December 23, in conjunction with the folk legend of the Kitchen God, who spoke to the sky on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month. According to the story, the national sacrificial ceremony adopts the folk form. ⑥ Nuo instrument. It originated in prehistory and became popular in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Nuo ritual of the Zhou Dynasty was to expel evil spirits and drive away epidemics throughout the four seasons. Zhou people believed that the movement of nature was closely connected with the good and bad luck of human affairs. The seasons change, cold and heat change, plagues spread, and ghosts take advantage of the situation to cause trouble, so it is necessary to perform Nuo at the right time to drive away evil. The main god in Nuo rituals is Fang Xiangshi. During the Han Dynasty, twelve beasts matching Fang Xiangshi appeared in Nuo rituals. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties followed the Han system, and entertainment elements were added to Nuo rituals. The roles of Fang Xiangshi and the twelve mythical beasts were played by musicians. The Tujia Nuo ceremony in Guizhou that still remains is the most complete and typical.

Chinese etiquette plays a "quasi-legal" role in Chinese culture.

1. Those who respect others will always be respected by others; those who love others will always be loved by others. ——Mencius 2. Generals must not be arrogant. If they are arrogant, they will be disrespectful. If they are disrespectful, they will leave. If they leave, everyone will rebel. ——Zhuge Liang