Where did the Yi elegy come from?
This kind of song has existed in the Yi people for thousands of years. The Yi proverb says, "When relatives become estranged again, they will come when they hear crying." . It is an inevitable part of Yi's funeral. Where the Yi people live together, there is "Russia".
Elegy of Yi people takes place in a specific time and space environment, with sad singing content and painful music mood. Elegy of Yi nationality provides true and rich information for folk customs and other social humanities, and has eternal humanistic value.
Generation age
Iraq's elegy "Russia", if traced back to its essential meaning of "mourning", should be a true expression of human nature and an expression of true feelings, as the literature says: "Anyone who has an ordinary voice also has a heart, and his feelings move in the middle, so it is shaped by sound." "If the words don't convey the meaning, they will sigh, and if the words don't convey the meaning, they will sing." Then, "Russia" was born with the history of Yi people's survival and reproduction.
As an integral part of funeral activities and ritual procedures, it should appear in the clan society. With its formation, especially in the period of "Xing Li", "Li Gui" and "Yan Erbin" in the patriarchal clan system, funeral etiquette was formed. In this sense, the Yi elegy "Russia" was born in primitive times, formed in the era when the Yi matriarchal clan system was established, and its origin can reach thousands of years.
Distribution area
Ningnan county is located in the southeast of Liangshan Prefecture, with Xichang 129 km in the north, Jinsha River across the river from Yunnan Province in the south, and 400 km from Kunming. It has jurisdiction over 6 towns 19 township administrative regions, with an area of 1666.6 square kilometers and a total population of183,000. * * There are 9 ethnic groups living in this county. Yi people are distributed in mountainous towns around the county, occupying 8 semi-ethnic townships, and still retain many ancient and excellent ethnic customs, music and culture.
Ningnan county has long sunshine hours, abundant light and heat resources, abundant precipitation throughout the year, and little temperature difference among the four seasons. The typical subtropical climate makes Ningnan a production base of high-quality crops and a pearl beside the Jinsha River.
Elegy of the Yi Nationality is popular in the Yi inhabited area of ningnan county and its surrounding Puge, Butuo, Huidong, Huili and Qiaojia counties, especially in Qiluogou Township, ningnan county.
basic content
Elegy of Yi nationality includes two parts: tune and lyrics. Tunes vary from place to place and can be played freely according to local customs, but they are all sad tones from the heart, with slow rhythm, flexible beat, sad mood and sad voice, accompanied by crying and sobbing.
When crying and singing, we pay great attention to appellation, that is, according to the genealogical relationship, family relationship, distance relationship and young-old relationship between the crying singer and the deceased, we stand in the specific position of the crying singer and call for the specific appellation of the deceased to cry and sing. When the crying singer begins to cry, the first lyric is often the specific title of the deceased. If the deceased is mother, 0 sisters, 0 brothers and sisters, uncle, uncle's brother, uncle's brother, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "Amar"; If the deceased is the singer's father, uncle, father's brother, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "Ada"; If the deceased is the singer's brother, sister and sister-in-law, then the title of the deceased is "Wu Zha"; If the deceased is the singer's brother, sister, younger brother and sister, then the title of the deceased is "Riza"; If the singer is a woman, the deceased is a brother, younger brother, sibling, sibling, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "MRA"; If the singer is male, the deceased belongs to his sister, younger sister, younger sister, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "Ali" or "Niza"; If the singer is a mother-in-law, the deceased is a daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "Po"; If the singer is an aunt and the deceased is a nephew, it is the nephew of his generation. Then the title of the deceased is "Apogi"; If the crying singer is an uncle, the deceased is a daughter-in-law, niece, daughter-in-law, niece, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "Amari"; If the crying singer is an uncle and the deceased is a nephew, a nephew of the same generation, then the title of the deceased is "Amanya"; If the crying singer is grandparents, the deceased is a grandson, granddaughter, grandson, grandson, etc. Then the title of the deceased is "Al"; If the crying singer is uncle, menstruation, uncle, menstruation, the deceased is nephew, niece, nephew, niece and so on. Then the title of the deceased is "Ayi"; If the crying singer is a cousin and the deceased is a cousin, the title of the deceased is "Amy" or "Aheng"; If the crying singer is a cousin, the deceased is a cousin, and later represents the relative. Then the title of the deceased is "Aboyo". Because in the traditional customs of the Yi people, "the land is always connected, and everyone is close", people can always sort out a thread of relatives, so the singer can call the deceased as "generation" even if he is not a close relative.
The lyrics mainly include: bereavement, telling the story and process of the deceased's death, recalling the life of the deceased, managing the family and raising future generations, remembering and trusting, and so on. For example, a "crying grandmother" sings: "The tree you carried up the mountain turned into a forest, and the roots you planted made sauerkraut. Grandma, your child has been orphaned since then, and your child cried her eyes out. You become a cloud and a breeze; The wind is dark in Leng Yun. " This is the live recording of "Russia" (which has been compiled into "Liangshan Folk Songs Integration"), with intermittent crying and sobbing from time to time. This can be seen.
The content of "Russia" is very rich, and there are different contents for different objects, such as parents, elders, brothers and sisters, the elderly, children and other emotional factors related to crying.
basic feature
First, the specific time and space environment and singing subject.
The elegy of the Yi people can only be sung when they lose their loved ones. From the time when the relatives stopped breathing to the time when they were buried and cremated, the relatives of the deceased and the relatives and friends who came before their death cried and sang.
Second, the specific singing content
The lyrics sung all mean sad condolences related to death.
Third, the lyrics have high improvisation.
Elegy of Iraq is highly impromptu. On the basis of basic tones, traditional crying words and specific titles, ordinary crying singers can only cry by borrowing traditional crying words, while those with higher wisdom often improvise around the sadness of death, and the listeners are often silent but full of tears.
Fourthly, the musical value of weeping narrative.
The songs sung are sad, low-pitched, free-paced, long-lasting, and often bring into tears, whimper and cry.
Basic value
1, Elegy of Iraq has anthropological, folklore and sociological values.
The historical and cultural connotation of Yi elegy Russia, the time and space it relies on, the humanistic background and environment, and the content it praises. , which is closely related to the above social disciplines and has research value.
2. Elegy of Yi nationality is a true record of people's life.
Birth, aging, illness and death are natural laws, and it is also an inevitable process for everyone and every nation to survive and multiply. A song "Russia" sings an object, and thousands of years of "Russia" is the true record of a nation's "life".
3. Elegy of Yi nationality has eternal humanistic value.
Truth, goodness and beauty are eternal, and the content and connotation of Russia will not disappear.