The Life of the Characters in Zhang Yunyu's Works
Zhang Yunyu is a person who doesn't want to eat steamed bread chewed by others. He wants to know about the site selection and check the existing information himself. Shortly after his arrival, he personally drove his car around the selected proving ground. The ancient land beyond the Great Wall, the vast ancient style, the majestic desert and the rolling yellow sand make this primitive desert present a magnificent picture; Thousand Buddha Cave, Beacon Tower, Mingsha Mountain and the Great Wall of Han Dynasty have gathered the dignity of history here. The glory of national culture and self-improvement drums aroused his infinite pride, but also caused bursts of anxiety. It's only 120 km from Dunhuang, which is too close. There are too many historical sites in Dunhuang. Once the project is started, all this will inevitably be seriously damaged and affected. In addition, the construction needs a lot of water resources, but the only weir and pond water is almost exhausted, leaving only patches of weeds shivering helplessly in the cold wind. "Why did you choose the proving ground here?" Facing the cold wind of shaving, Zhang Yunyu shouted loudly.
"Soviet architectural experts chose it," the entourage replied without thinking.
"How can this place work?" Although Zhang Yunyu is not an expert, after a period of on-the-spot investigation, he has a different understanding of this site.
"Experts say that 20,000 tons of tests can be conducted here ..." The entourage wanted to explain, but was stopped by Zhang Yunyu's roar: "How can a field construction expert with tens of millions of tons of hydrogen bombs set the test equivalent target of a new nuclear test site within 20,000 tons? 20,000 tons and 6,543.8+million tons will never be balanced at both ends of a balance! Twenty thousand tons can't support a nation of sixty thousand people! " Subsequently, Zhang Yunyu led everyone to conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of Dunhuang ruins, and held a meeting to scientifically and reasonably weigh and analyze its various drawbacks. The meeting finally decided to deny the existing website and report it to Beijing.
The comrades-in-arms left wearily, and the dawn in the desert was unusually quiet. Zhang Yunyu put on his clothes, sat alone under the electro luminescent, and began to write a report to the relevant leading departments. In the report, he stated in detail the reasons for denying Dunhuang ruins: the experimental site is seriously short of water, and the water source can only rely on Pearl Spring, which can not meet the needs of life and experiment, and the rest of the water can only be transported by water truck, which will not only cause great waste, but also be difficult to guarantee; Most areas of the site are flying sand areas, so it is impossible to build roads and other basic projects, and large-scale construction cannot be carried out in the site; The site is too close to Dunhuang, and the dominant direction is downwind, including Dunhuang and suburban rural areas, as well as important historical sites such as Thousand Buddha Cave and large residential areas such as Nanhu, and it is a national development zone, and nuclear tests may pollute the area; According to the development trend that nuclear tests in nuclear countries are gradually going underground, the future development of nuclear tests in China will mainly be underground. However, according to the survey data, the groundwater in the site flows in the east-west direction and flows through Gansu and Shaanxi, which will cause great harm to groundwater resources. Due to the limitation of meteorological and geographical conditions, the test equivalent can only be about 20 thousand tons, and the maximum equivalent can not exceed 50 thousand tons. The whole proving ground has no great development prospect. Later, Zhang Yunyu made a special trip to Beijing. At the office meeting held by General Chen Geng, he reported the situation of Dunhuang courtyard and put forward suggestions for rebuilding the courtyard. After repeated research at the meeting, we finally agreed to Zhang Yunyu's proposal and initially decided to locate the new site in Lop Nur.
1958 12 18, Zhang, Shi Guohua and others flew to Urumqi, ready to cross the Gobi and look for a new address near lop Nur, Xinjiang.
Looking for him in the dream, there are people in the depths of the Gobi. Zhang Yunyu reported to Vice Minister Wan Yi: "Lop Nur is a treasure house of nuclear tests."
At dawn, Zhang Yunyu and his party of more than 20 people took four jeeps and two "63" transport vehicles to form a capable reconnaissance team and went straight to Lop Nur. At the beginning of the new arduous journey, everyone's mood is in an unspeakable excitement. It seems that there is an invisible force calling them in the depths of the distant desert. At noon, I arrived in Shanshan. At lunch, they bought ethnic food to eat together. Zhang Yunyu touched the scene and told the anecdote that Huo Guang, a general of the Western Han Dynasty, sent Fu Jiezi to kill King Loulan, named Shanshan, and the Monkey King borrowed a fan from Princess Tiefan to cross the Flame Mountain and once slept here. While eating and listening, the comrades unconsciously ate a basket of fragrant and crisp baked naan in laughter. After three days of trekking, they finally came to Huangyangdagou on the northeast edge of Tarim Basin. It took three days to investigate the topography, water source and soil quality in detail in this area. In the north, there is Bogda Peak and its branches at an altitude of more than 5,400 meters in Tianshan Mountain-there is Luke Mountain at an altitude of 2,000 meters in the south and Altun Mountain at an altitude of 5,000 meters in the south. These two mountains form two tall natural barriers. There are hills in the east, endless deserts in the south, and rich water sources such as Lop Nur and Peacock River. In the middle is the original Gobi, which is 60 kilometers wide from north to south and 100 kilometers long from east to west. There are not only villages but also exploitable mineral deposits in the surrounding area of more than 300 kilometers, only undulating sand dunes and wavy barren gravel. When the ancient monk came here, he looked at the desert and lamented, "There are no birds and no beasts in the sky. Looking around, only the bones of the dead are the sign." Western explorers call this a terrible "sea of death". But isn't this formidable "sea of death" exactly the "land of geomantic omen" that General Zhang Yunyu deliberately sought?
After the inspection, Zhang Yunyu flew back to Beijing in a hurry and reported the inspection in Lop Nur to Vice Minister Wan Yi and Commander Chen Shiju. 19591in late October, he accompanied Tang Kai, Vice Minister Wan Yi and President of the Engineering Design Institute, to conduct aerial survey on the site of Lop Nur, and reported the ground conditions to Vice Minister Wan Yi on the plane: "This is Peacock River, about 20 kilometers away from the site. There is no problem in construction and drinking water. The center is at 4 1.50 north latitude and east longitude. It is more than 60 kilometers from Peacock River to Beishan, and its east-west length is 100 kilometers. Flat terrain, elevation 1000 meters. The geology is alluvial soil, and part of the ground is Gobi. It can be used for road construction. The wind direction is west all the year round, and the downwind direction reaches Dunhuang for more than 420 kilometers. During this period, there were no residents, no cultivated land or pasture, and no valuable mineral deposits were found. " Hearing this, Wan Yi and Tang Kai nodded.
At the beginning of February, Zhang Yunyu, Chen Shiju and Wan Yi were responsible for writing a report on site selection and transition to the Ministry of National Defense, suggesting that the nuclear weapons test site be located in the northwest of Lop Nur, Xinjiang. 1959 On March 13, the Ministry of National Defense and the General Staff officially approved Lop Nur as a nuclear test base. Zhang Yunyu, the commander of this nuclear base, has officially embarked on a difficult road to entrepreneurship. At the same time, in the secretly established Institute of Atomic Energy, a group of patriotic scholars Zhu Guangya, Chen Nengkuan, Cheng, Deng Jiaxian and others who returned from Europe and America are working around the clock under the auspices of Qian Sanqiang, and Cheng has written the preliminary technical scheme of the first national experimental product. It is planned to complete all research and development work within two years, and carry out China's first nuclear explosion test in summer and autumn of 1964 at the latest.
The vast Gobi, rooted in the desert sand business. Commander Zhang, who almost disappeared, said humorously: "Old Feng Po has always been very friendly to me when he saw that I had an atomic bomb in my hand!" 1In late May, 959, Zhang Yunyu led the newly formed 50,000 construction troops to March into Lop Nur. This is the first time in the history of New China that the army went to the northwest frontier on a large scale after Wang Zhen. We can't hear the horn of the sky, we can't hear the iron horse, and the soldiers coming from the gunpowder war will quietly start casting the nuclear shield on the ancient battlefield that experienced blood and fire casting thousands of years ago.
Our first problem is survival. They set up tents, dug caves and built simple barracks according to local conditions, and built rows of ephedra around the barracks to form artificial trees. This simple construction method not only saves a lot of money, but also solves the problems of heatstroke prevention and equipment storage for people and animals, and also brings an artificial spring to the desolate Lop Nur. 1959 June 13, Zhang Yunyu held the first enlarged meeting of the Party Committee in the underground kiln, made overall arrangements for the work, and designated this day as the official birth date of the China Nuclear Experimental Base.
In late August, the survey and design work of the base was carried out in a large area and in all directions. The Gobi desert in September is the season of fire. The sun hung overhead like a huge brazier, roaring and spraying flames at them. At the hottest time, the surface temperature is as high as 50 degrees Celsius. Rubber soles were badly scalded, people were tanned purple, and layers of red skin were rolled up on their faces. Groups of poisonous mosquitoes make people fidget. The vast wilderness, ravines, ridges and sand dunes are everywhere. There have been no roads since ancient times, and all the terrain is similar. You have to find the right direction by yourself in field work, and you are in danger of getting lost and missing at any time.
One day, Zhang and Guo returned from an inspection tour in two cars. After arriving at the camp, Zhang Yunyu saw that it was still early, so he drove alone to continue the investigation around the camp. Unexpectedly, the violent sandstorm suddenly came, just like the dense curtains swept over. The rut was flooded, and the sight distance was less than 30 meters, which made Commander Zhang, who had just left, lost his way and couldn't find his way back. It's getting dark, and the wind is wrapped in gravel, which makes the car make a "beep" sound and the car runs back and forth on the Gobi Desert. In the middle of the night, the fuel consumption was exhausted, and he still couldn't find the original road. He had to keep changing, simply parked his car under a dead tree at the edge of the sand dune, closed the door and rested on the seat, but the fatigue of days made him fall asleep gradually.
Due to the disappearance of Commander Zhang, the whole headquarters stayed up all night, worried, and dispatched a large number of personnel and vehicles to look around. Until dawn, they finally found their commander behind a small sand dune less than 2 kilometers from the camp, and their hanging hearts fell to the ground. Comrades crowded around the tired commander, and some people shed tears. When Zhang Yunyu woke up, he looked into a pair of concerned eyes and said humorously, "Last night, the old wind woman from Gobi suddenly came and asked me to go to the west. Walking, the Monkey King quietly gave me an atomic bomb. I raised the atomic bomb and shouted at Feng Po,' Get out! "Do you know the power of my treasure?" Guess what? As soon as the old wind girl saw that I had a new weapon in my hand, she immediately softened and was always friendly to me! "The commander's humor makes people smile through tears. From 65438 to 0960, China suffered the most serious natural disaster, and its economy was very difficult. Wave after wave of anti-China waves followed. Khrushchev unilaterally tore up the Sino-Soviet "10 15" agreement, withdrew all technicians and experts who assisted China, suspended 343 contracts and cancelled 257 scientific and technological cooperation projects, which created insurmountable obstacles to the development of nuclear bombs and the construction of Lop Nur test base.
Faced with extremely severe challenges and tests, the CPC Central Committee with Mao Zedong at the core made a decisive decision: to take the road of hard struggle and self-reliance. Inspired by this spirit, hold your head high and bravely meet the ruthless challenge with the courage and courage of a revolutionary soldier and party member: you go your way, I go my way, "Butcher Zhang is dead, don't eat pigs with hair."
Because the Peacock River is on the verge of drying up, in order to ensure the water supply of the troops, Zhang Yunyu has formulated "harsh" regulations: "Wash your face on the first, third and fifth days, brush your teeth on the second, fourth and sixth days, and dry it on Sunday." It is often a basin of water. After washing your face, save it for washing your hands after work and feet at night, and then use it for washing clothes after clarification. As a commander, he is strict with himself. He doesn't need a washbasin and a small tea jar to wash his face. He washes his face first and then brushes his teeth. Over time, he became a habit and even went back to Beijing in the future. His "habit" often makes children laugh and cry.
After the withdrawal of Soviet experts, Zhang Yunyu tapped domestic experts and technicians to the maximum extent, encouraging them to explore and work hard. He often goes deep into scientific and technical personnel, chats with them, makes friends, finds problems and solves them in time, and personally approves two professors to enjoy the treatment of commanders.
Life on the base is very hard. The staple food is local flour and millet. Because of the difficulty in using water, rice is difficult to clean. If there is sand in rice, people swallow it with it. After long-distance transportation, fresh vegetables have become dried vegetables and rotten vegetables. The main vegetables can only rely on mustard tuber and onions. Many people get sick because of malnutrition, with rotten mouths and nosebleeds, and night blindness is as prevalent as a plague. Zhang Yunyu's brain was broken for this. Later, he asked many people to intercede, bought some cod liver oil pills from Lanzhou and gave them to scientific and technical personnel and troops as tonics. As for chicken, duck and fish, it is a "forbidden zone" that people dare not think about.
Later, due to economic difficulties and other reasons, the base encountered a "dismount wind." Some units were abolished and cadres were transferred, and people talked about it one after another, worrying about whether the nuclear test could continue. Zhang Yunyu held meetings of all the staff of the base again and again to talk about the glorious history of the Chinese nation, the importance attached by the central leadership to nuclear weapons testing, and the fact that Premier Zhou Enlai personally asked about the progress of the base during his busy schedule 10 times. He remembers that once Premier Zhou visited Asian and African countries and made a short stop in Urumqi. While having dinner with the leaders of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, the Prime Minister suddenly stood up and said, "Our Central Committee has an atomic weapons shooting range in Xinjiang, with difficult conditions and arduous tasks. I hope that the leaders of the autonomous region can give help and strong support. On behalf of them, I would like to propose a toast to everyone. " Zhang Yunyu said, "I'm not going anywhere for this. One year can't be two years, two years can't be three years, and we must set up our own atomic bomb test site here! "
In the case of economic difficulties and extreme shortage of materials, national pride and sense of historical mission have produced great cohesion. Zhang Yunyu led his troops to continue fighting in Lop Nur.
In this way, the 50,000 troops headed by Zhang Yunyu went through hardships and finally completed the construction of the nuclear test site at the end of February. Roads, airports and underground fortifications are well built; Command, communication, monitoring, detection, observation and other facilities have been built and tested; 102.438-meter-high iron tower also stands solemnly in the Gobi, just waiting to embrace the "panacea". Loud noise, fireballs flying around. General Zhang burst into tears and immediately recited a poem: "The light is huge, the sound is huge, and the Gobi is soaring ..."
1964 65438+1October 14, a huge atomic bomb was hoisted to the top of the explosion tower, quietly waiting for its brilliant moment. In the afternoon, the first National Nuclear Test Commission held a plenary meeting at the command post of the proving ground. On behalf of the Central Military Commission and the Ministry of National Defense, Commander-in-Chief Zhang Aiping solemnly announced that the nuclear explosion test will be carried out on time on 10 and 16.
10 6 16 in the early morning, there was silence for several kilometers around the iron tower holding the atomic bomb high, and all troops and participating units had been evacuated to safety. The lonely wind whimpered around the positions of the effectors such as airplanes, tanks and artillery, and the vast Gobi seemed to feel the peace before the war. On the morning of the same day, Zhang Yunyu led Li Jue, director of the Atomic Bomb Research Institute, Zhu Qingyun, deputy director of the Nuclear Test Committee, and installation technicians to complete the final installation of the atomic bomb detonator, and the last one was evacuated from the dangerous area.
Before 12: 00, all kinds of command, control, monitoring and other facilities completed the last rigorous and meticulous debugging. All posts have entered the first-level standby state.
At 15 o'clock, with the extremely clear countdown of "10, 9, 8...4, 3, 2, 1" ending, a strong lightning flashed across the sky, followed by a thunderous noise. When the huge fireball in the air caught Zhang Yunyu's eye, two lines of long-saved tears welled up in the eyes behind the protective sunglasses. Zhang Yunyu silently looked at the revelers and the piles of red crude iron melted by tall iron towers and special effects tanks. He seemed to see the future of * * * and China, and the motherland has risen among the world powers. Yes, although the construction work is more or less offensive, the overall layout, engineering facilities, engineering quality and other aspects of the proving ground are built from a long-term macro perspective. Judging from the development of nuclear tests in China, the permanent atmospheric nuclear test site has begun to take shape. Lop Nur is no longer a "sea of death", but a new land of * * and China, where the people of China have set a new milestone in cutting-edge national defense technology.
Excited, Zhang Yunyu thought, immediately make a poem:
The light is huge and bright, and the sound is huge. The boundless Gobi is a dragon, dancing and laughing, melting landslides.
Call success, celebrate success, learn a few years' work with one dose, and ring the five-watch bell! China needs peace, but peace needs a shield.
1July 29th, 996 will be an indispensable page for later historians to study the history of world peace. On this day, the government of China solemnly announced to the world that China would suspend its nuclear tests from July 30th. 1996.
As the first commander of China nuclear test base, Zhang Yunyu was very excited after hearing the news in his Beijing apartment, and wrote a poem:
In broad daylight, atomic bombs, lightning, earthquakes and thunder.
All over the world, stand and listen, China audio statement.
The Opium War, Eight-Nation Alliance, and the Japanese aggressors were like wolves.
After a hundred years of humiliation, the lion roared in Tiananmen Square.
Reserve rather than maintain balance, prevent nuclear war and maintain peace.
The whole world is looking forward to it
Good environment and prosperous production.
All countries know that atomic bombs are useless, so they eliminate this disaster.
Try your best to purify the clear sky of the earth. 1964 10. On 6 October, when Zhang Yunyu started a nuclear explosion on the 100-meter tower with an atomic bomb on the bank of Lop Nur, he thought: One day, the world can completely ban nuclear tests and completely destroy nuclear weapons.
Recalling the past years, great historical events and magnificent life journey, in Zhang Yunyu's concise words, all become like a wisp of smoke, like a cloud, so light and natural.