The low crop yield is all due to the weather?

With the continuous circulation of land, large growers and family farms are increasing, and more young people are beginning to invest in rural areas and agriculture. Then in recent years, the overall income of farmers' friends is not good, which has led to many farmers' friends losing money. Through the communication with farmers' friends, it is found that there are many factors that lead to the low yield of rice, wheat and corn, but many farmers' friends pay more attention to which factor. Do not pay attention to the prevention and control management of the whole system. Through analysis, I summarized the following main factors:

The potential of seeds accounts for 3% of the total output

No matter what kind of crops are planted, the potential of increasing production and stress resistance of general seeds depends on whether we can achieve high and stable yield. Therefore, when selecting seeds, we should pay attention to selecting high-quality seeds, such as hybrid rice. Generally, we should first consider the stable yield performance, which includes disease resistance, lodging resistance, tillering ability and the quality of mature fruits. Secondly, we should pay attention to the key indicators for forming high yield of rice: the formation of rice yield is composed of three factors: the number of panicles on a standard mu of 667 square meters, the number of grains set per panicle and the weight of dry grains. So: Theoretically, yield = effective panicle number * average number of grains per panicle * 1-grain weight. At this time, when we choose varieties, we should choose varieties with strong tillering ability, high seed setting rate and dry grain weight, and then we can achieve high yield by doing corresponding management! Generally, these indicators are marked on the outer packaging bags of rice varieties. Suggested choice: the seeds of these large enterprises in Longping, Hunan. Have their own scientific research and breeding base.

The stress of diseases, insects and weeds accounts for 15% of the total output

For any crop, farmers and friends usually pay more attention to the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds in high-yield planting, but from my field, diseases, insects and weeds are one of the main factors affecting our output. Because of the characteristics of many kinds of diseases, insects and weeds, great resistance, great influence and frequent outbreaks, if farmers and friends fail to keep up with their awareness, the crop yield and quality will decrease. Then the common harmful diseases, pests and weeds in our crops mainly include:

pests:

bugs: rice planthopper, aphid, Bemisia tabaci, thrips, red spider (recommended chemicals: nitenpyram+pymetrozine series, Recommended by Starscream: abamectin+pyridaben)

Big insects: Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Noctuidae, and corn borer (recommended pesticides: tetrachlorethamide, chlorantraniliprole)

Underground pests: cutworms, grubs, and corn borers. Or seed coating agent such as imidacloprid is selected for seed coating)

Diseases:

Leaf diseases: rust, powdery mildew, rice blast and leaf spot (recommended agent: triazole and methoxyacrylate are selected)

Ear diseases: false smut, ear neck blast, scab and smut (recommended agent: triazole and methoxyacrylate are selected) It is not recommended to use a single pesticide to control)

Rod diseases: sheath blight, basal rot (recommended pesticide: triazole and methoxyacrylate compound)

Root diseases: take-all disease, root rot (seed coating agent containing thiabendazole, fenpropiconazole and fludioxonil is selected for seed dressing)

Grass damage: < Patchweed (recommended agent: barnyard grass as the main agent which can be compounded with pentafluorosulfonylurea, Mainly crabgrass: the compound agent of oxazolyl grass can be recommended) Paddy broadleaf grass: Hedyotis japonica, Phyllostachys pubescens and Alisma orientalis (recommended agent: the compound agent containing dimethyl tetrachloromethane can be selected)

Wheat field Gramineae: Alopecurus japonicus, Leymus japonicus, Poa pratensis and Aegilops tauschii (the compound agent containing methyl disulfonate is selected for use) Wheat field broadleaf grass: Popo. Descurainia sophia (recommended agent: you can choose a compound agent containing dimethyl tetrachloro, fluroxypyr, florasulam, etc.)

Lack of nutrition

Farmers' friends easily enter a misunderstanding in the planting process. They think that knowing enough nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can lead to good yield, so they don't pay attention to the application of medium and trace elements, which leads to changes in soil structure and low yield. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the Action Plan for Zero Growth of Fertilizer Use by 22. Fertilizer is the "food" for our crop growth, but there are many misunderstandings in the use of fertilizer at present. Excessive application of a large number of large fertilizers, blind application of large fertilizers, and repeated application lead to changes in soil nutrient structure and nutrient deficiency, and at the same time bring many hazards: fertilizer residue, soil hardening, pH imbalance, environmental pollution, nutritional imbalance and other hazards. At this time, there is an urgent need to improve fertilization methods and a product to make up for and improve the shortage of large fertilizers, which eventually leads to physiological diseases, low yield and poor resistance of crops, so the application of small and medium fertilizers in production can achieve the effect of increasing income and reducing costs!

At present, our wheat and rice planting is faced with more nitrogen fertilizer, less potassium fertilizer and lack of medium and trace elements, but now the compound fertilizer or formula fertilizer we use does not contain medium and trace elements. When choosing small fertilizers, we should pay attention to the content of trace elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, silicon and chlorine), which hardly contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Influence of weather

With the normalization of extreme weather, meteorological disasters such as high temperature, drought, low temperature, lack of illumination, floods and other disasters still have great influence on crops, so especially the "late spring cold" in the wheat seedling stage, the "dry hot wind" in the grain filling stage and the "cold dew wind" in the middle and late stage of rice still have great influence, so we should take precautions in advance according to the weather conditions.

1. what is the effect of late spring cold on early spring wheat?

due to the rapid temperature rise in spring, wheat entered the period of rapid tillering and turning green, getting up and jointing, especially in the wheat area south of Huaihe River in Anhui Province. Because wheat begins to tiller at 2 ~ 4℃, the optimum temperature is 13 ~ 18℃, and the late spring cold will inhibit the tillering and growth differentiation of wheat at this time. View from the fields in recent years; When wheat is affected by "late spring cold" at tillering stage, it will appear as dry white flowers as plants after scalding with boiling water. When wheat meets "late spring cold" at rising stage, it will cause new leaves and main stems to freeze, twist and dry! It may eventually lead to a 2-3% reduction in wheat production! Severe cases may lead to a reduction of production by more than 5%!

2. The problem of cold dew wind

The occurrence time of cold dew wind varies from year to year. In fact, many farmers will say that there is no cold dew. How can there be cold dew wind? Then the cold dew wind is mainly around the cold dew for a period of time. If the temperature is 2-3 days in a row and the average daily temperature is below 22-24 degrees, the cold dew wind is formed. Because this time just happens to meet the key period of heading/flowering/filling of japonica glutinous rice along the south of Huaihe River, once it is exposed to the continuous low temperature hazard, it will cause empty shells, shriveled grains and reduce production.

how to deal with the influence of "late spring cold" on early spring wheat?

Pay close attention to the weather and agricultural information of plant protection station in time, and spray 92 in time when cold dew wind appears, so as to reduce the occurrence of rice neck wrapping, promote early flowering and filling of rice, shorten the time of heading and filling, and avoid the harm of cold dew wind. However, 75% 92 should not be used excessively, and it is most suitable to use .5g-1g per mu, according to the situation of rice in the field! (Dilute the 92 crystal with alcohol or wine before adding water)

2. Fertilizer and water management

If the fields without rain in the north along the Huaihe River need to be watered and fertilized in time, and at the same time, if it continues to rain in the early spring in the south along the Huaihe River, timely fertilization should be made to promote seedlings to reduce the degree of freezing injury. Seize the opportunity to replenish green manure in time to promote effective tillering when it rains! Improve wheat immunity! (1-15 kg urea/mu), it is suggested that farmers should not sow fertilizer in the fields before or when it rains, and the utilization rate of fertilization is the highest after the rain stops! Cold dew wind needs to spread fertilizer on rice, fill it with 6-8 cm water to keep warm

3, and spray it on the leaves < P > For the fertilized fields, add regulators represented by amino acids and biostimulants in combination with wheat pest control. Enhance the immunity of wheat and increase the thickness of wheat leaves. At the same time, it can alleviate the recovery and growth of wheat freeze-damaged cells for the fields that have already occurred.

Mismanagement

There are many reasons for the low yield of farmers' friends in the planting process, such as poor management and untimely management, and many farmers' friends don't often go to the fields, so they don't have a clear grasp of the occurrence of diseases, weeds and pests in their crops. I mainly summarize the following points:

Many farmers' friends don't go to the fields, that is, they do it when they see others doing it. Often, our planting structure is different and the growth period is different. Then the period of prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds is also different, so we can only go to the fields to observe and control according to the actual situation in our fields, and we must not follow the wind to control and manage pesticides.

For many diseases, pests and weeds, once control often can't achieve the desired effect, because the resistance of weeds and pests is getting bigger and bigger. Many farmers think that it will be solved by once application of pesticides, and they won't go to the field for observation after application. This is the key to the mistake. We should go to the field to observe the effect after the first control, and at the same time better observe the effect and the period of secondary control.

Unreasonable selection of chemicals

In the process of controlling diseases and pests, due to the change of external environment and the increase of resistance to diseases and pests, when we choose chemicals, many farmers only pay attention to the price, ignoring the effect and the added value brought by the chemicals, which eventually leads to poor control effect, decreased output and the emergence of phytotoxicity. Then, when we control diseases, pests and weeds, we must make rational use of chemicals, and the effect is better. Don't use a single drug. Synergy is really important.

insufficient water for pesticide application

At present, the biggest headache for farmers' friends is that they have money to buy medicines and are unable to fetch water. Whenever the prevention season ends, many farmers' friends report that the prevention effect is not good, in fact, the main reason is that we use insufficient water when applying pesticides. When we are short of water, it is difficult to get the liquid medicine into the gap of wheat glume, even if we choose the best medicine, it will not achieve good results! Including the lack of water consumption for flight prevention, high efficiency additives must be added to achieve high efficiency!

It is suggested that farmers should add vegetable oil synergist (Pamir) when applying pesticide, which can better increase the absorption! Better improve the efficacy! Remember to use 2 barrels per acre.

Author: Zhu Zixiang