What are the famous ancient tea bowls and tea sets?

A tea bowl, as its name implies, is also a bowl for drinking tea. This is one of the most diverse, valuable and elegant tea props, and it is even used as a synonym for all tea props. The tea bowl is made of pottery, which directly reflects the highest achievement of Japanese pottery-making technology. The tea bowls produced by the famous "Leyao", "Weaving Kiln" and "Ye Zhi Kiln" are all the best and best tea bowls made by skilled craftsmen under the direct guidance of famous tea people. Apart from Wuhe Tea Bowl, two other important tea bowls are produced in Jian 'an Kiln of Tianmu Mountain in China and North Korea. The former is called "Tianmu Tea Bowl", which is the earliest tea bowl used in tea ceremony. It is very valuable. However, as Li Xiu and others gradually lead the tea ceremony to simplicity and naturalness, Tianmu tea bowls are no longer popular and rarely used now, but their value is increasing day by day. The Korean tea bowl is actually the rice bowl of the Korean people. It is very simple and rough, but in the eyes of big tea people such as Li Xiu, it just embodies the essence of the tea ceremony, so it is widely used. The representative of Korean tea bowl is Jinghu tea bowl.

As early as in the Book of Tea, Lu Yu carefully designed twenty-four devices suitable for making tea and drinking.

1. air furnace: designed for fire and tea, inspired by Taoism and Confucianism in China, it is cast with forged iron or fired with clay furnace. Its specific design wants to see the tea ceremony in the later chapters.

2, barnyard grass: woven with bamboo silk, square, used to pick tea. It is not only convenient, but also beautiful, because the ancients often cooked their own food and put it on purpose.

3. Charcoal: A foot-long six-sided iron used to break charcoal.

4, fire clip: used to clip charcoal into the furnace.

5, kettle: tea is used to boil water, like today's teapot. Most of them are made of iron. There were porcelain stone pots in the Tang Dynasty, and the rich had silver pots.

6. Bedframe: Wooden, used to place the teapot.

7. Paper bag: Store the tea while it is hot, so as not to release its fragrance.

8. Grinding and crushing: the former grinds tea leaves and the latter cleans tea.

9. Luo He, Luo is sifting tea, and he is storing tea.

10. Then: Now measure the amount of tea like a spoon.

1 1. Water side: used to store raw water.

12. Filter water bag: used to filter tea water. It is made of copper, wood and bamboo.

13. Spoon: used to scoop water, made of wood.

14. Bamboo pod: When making tea, make tea around the soup.

15. Frustration and exposure: In the Tang Dynasty, tea was boiled with salt to remove bitterness and increase sweetness. The former stored salted flowers and the latter scooped them up. 16. Cooker: used to store hot water. Tang people pay attention to three boiling points when cooking tea. After once boiling, add tea leaves and boil directly. Brush twice and foam will appear. Scoop it out and put it in a cooked pot. After boiling three times, the boiled water in the pot is put back into the pot, which is called "saving boiling" and "nourishing China"

17. Bowl: it is a tool for tea tasting. There were Shang and Yue porcelain in the Tang Dynasty, as well as Dingzhou porcelain, Wuzhou porcelain, Yuezhou porcelain, Shouzhou porcelain and Hongzhou porcelain. Take Yue porcelain as the top grade. The tea bowls in the Tang Dynasty were tall and crooked.

18. Fan: Used to store bowls.

19, iron: used for washing utensils, similar to the current cooking broom.

20. Detergent: Used to store water and clean utensils.

2 1. Slag side: accumulation of various sediments.

22. Towels are used to wipe utensils.

23. Suit: used to put tea sets, similar to modern wine racks.

24. Shopping basket: Store all tea sets after drinking tea. From the standby person's point of view, it seems difficult to understand that a cup of tea needs so many complicated utensils. But in ancient times, it was an inevitable process to complete certain etiquette and make tea perfect. The process of using utensils is also the process of enjoying making soup and making porcelain. In fact, the utensils used in modern cooking are more complicated than Lu Yu's twenty-four utensils, but the chef makes them and the guests eat them. I don't know the hardships. Ancient tea people in China used such delicate descriptions to experience the fun of self-frying and self-eating, and also showed their spirit of hard work. Lu Yu explained at that time that the so-called "twenty-four musts" meant a formal tea party. As for three or five friends, occasionally entertaining themselves with tea can be simplified according to the situation.

In the Song Dynasty, tea was not boiled directly, but ordered, so the utensils changed accordingly. Tea art in Song Dynasty embodies the influence of Neo-Confucianism everywhere, even the utensils are no exception. For example, the drying cage for drying tea leaves is called "Wei" drying cage. Since the Han Dynasty, court ministers have been in charge of court etiquette, hence the name of the tea cage, and the meaning of etiquette lies in it. The hammer of broken tea is called "wooden waiter system"; Tea house is called "Blonde Grass", Luohe is called "Luoshumi", tea house is called "Stone Transfer", and even the towel for wiping utensils has an elegant official title, which is called "Sizhifang". No matter whether the etiquette norms expressed by these names are conservative or progressive, the cultural connotation is clear at a glance. It can be seen that the ancient tea set in China was not for the sake of complexity, but mainly to express some ideas. The whole tea set in Song Dynasty was named "Mr. Da Yuchuan" after "Cha Sheng" Lu Tong. It shows that it is rare to understand ancient tea sets only by their use value. Today, when people visit the Japanese tea ceremony, they see a bunch of utensils such as square towels, water squares and small brushes, but they don't know their meaning. Needless to say, modern China people, even Japanese tea ceremony masters, may not know all the meanings when using these utensils. Therefore, only from the cultural concept can we make a reasonable explanation.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, popular tea was abandoned, loose tea prevailed, the cooking process was simplified, and even the brewing method was directly used, so the tea brewing equipment was simplified. But simplification doesn't mean shoddy, especially pots and bowls, which are more exquisite and unique, and there are all kinds of novel shapes. Due to the high development of China porcelain in the Ming Dynasty, the pots are not only beautiful in shape, but also more exquisite in color, texture, glaze color and kiln quality, and the tea sets are also developing in the direction of simplicity and precision. Throughout the ages, treasures have appeared in pots and bowls. For example, Yide Ruby Red, Blue and White, Chenghua Blue and White, and Doucai in the Ming Dynasty are all excellent tea sets. Pots are also varied in shape. There are hanging beams, handles, long bodies and flat bodies. The patterns are mostly flowers and birds. The scenery of the characters is also magnificent. In the Tang Dynasty, the tea bowls in China were of primitive simplicity, but in the Song Dynasty, due to the appearance of tea bucket, the quality of camellia cake was higher than that of tea, which required the harmony or sharp contrast between the bowl color and the brown color, so the color of porcelain was emphasized. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more and more kinds of tea, different colors of tea soup, convenient pot weight, simplicity and innocence, and bowls full of flowers. Therefore, it is not difficult to form a large-scale exhibition only by pots and bowls in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The capital of the Qing Dynasty has its own unique and elegant tea set. Old Beijing aristocrats, the Forbidden City, and even many high-end teahouses in the future will rebuild their bowls and cover their tea. This kind of teacup is made in triplicate, with a tray under it, a bowl in the middle and a lid on it. Gaiwancha is also called "Sancai Bowl". Three talents are heaven, earth and people. The tea leaves are covered on the top, called "Tian", the saucer is below, called "ground", and the tea bowl is in the middle, which is for people. A tea set will contain a small world and a small universe, including the ancient philosopher's truth that "heaven covers the earth, the earth carries people, and people educate people".

When Gaiwancha originated is still inconclusive. The saucer, also known as the "tea boat", is said to be made by the daughter of Cui Ning, the messenger of Xichuan in the Tang Dynasty. It was originally a wooden saucer, and later it was made of lacquerware, so it was called a tea boat. However, according to the current archaeological excavations, the saucer must have appeared earlier, so the story of Cui Ning's daughter building a tea boat can only be regarded as a legend. There are many patterns in a bowl of tea, and landscapes, flowers and birds are often painted, which are written by many celebrities. Draw a fire prevention map in the bowl. Some are in the shape of a cross with the saucer; There are also 12 bowls and 12 bowls, which are 24 styles of tea party. Blue-and-white saucers have many patterns, such as round, lotus leaf, ingot and so on. The climate in Beijing is extremely cold, and tea sets focus on heat preservation. Therefore, it has been popular to build bowls with tea sets for some time. This trend, together with it, has affected all parts of the country. Especially in Sichuan and other places, teahouses are equipped with bowls of tea in the streets and alleys, and their characteristics have not diminished so far.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea sets were not only practical, but also became very exquisite handicrafts. Many families like to set up an exquisite tea set, and guests come to make a pot of good tea and make cups of tea, which is not only the friendship between relatives and friends, but also the display and appreciation of works of art. China people's views on tea art can be said to have penetrated into thousands of households.

China porcelain has always enjoyed a world-renowned reputation. China tea and China tea set are perfect. The combination of tea and tea set has promoted the outward expansion of tea culture in China. Since the Ming Dynasty, tea and porcelain have been the bulk of China's export trade, especially in modern times. Until modern times, China tea set was still cherished by all countries in the world. In today's Southeast Asian countries, tea sets are obviously made by themselves, but they are advertised as "China porcelain" to raise their social status. Small tea sets have played an important role in promoting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Tomorrow.