What warnings are there before the earthquake?

Concept

Under the action of in-situ stress, the rock mass will cause physical, chemical, biological, and meteorological changes in the earthquake source and nearby materials during the process of gradual accumulation and strengthening of stress and strain. A series of unusual changes. We call these abnormal changes related to the birth and occurrence of earthquakes earthquake precursors (also called earthquake anomalies). It includes two categories: seismic microscopic anomalies and seismic macroscopic anomalies.

1. Macroscopic anomalies of earthquakes World Wide Web

Seismic anomalies that can be directly detected by human senses are called macroscopic anomalies of earthquakes. The manifestations of macro-seismic anomalies are diverse and complex. There are hundreds of types of anomalies and thousands of abnormal phenomena. They can be roughly divided into: groundwater anomalies, biological anomalies, geoacoustic anomalies, geo-light anomalies, electromagnetic anomalies, Weather anomalies, etc.

1. Groundwater anomalies

Groundwater includes well water, spring water, etc. The main abnormalities include cloudiness, bubbling, turning flowers, temperature rise, color change, taste change, sudden rise and fall, well hole deformation, sudden depletion or gush of spring source, etc. People summarized the proverbs about the changes in well water before earthquakes:

Well water is a treasure and there are precursors to earthquakes.

There is no rain, the spring water is muddy, and the sky is dry and the well water is flowing out.

The water level rises and falls greatly, turning flowers and bubbling.

Some change color, and some change taste.

2. Biological anomalies

Certain organs of many animals are particularly sensitive, and they can know the occurrence of some disaster events in advance than humans. For example, jellyfish in the ocean can predict storms, and mice can Avoid mine collapses or harmful gases in advance. As for the organs of vision, hearing, touch, vibration, and balance, which ones play a major role and which ones play an auxiliary role in judgment may be different for different animals. The physical and chemical changes (vibration, electricity, magnetism, meteorology, abnormal water radon content, etc.) caused by earthquakes can often stimulate certain sensory organs of some animals and cause abnormal reactions. If the gravity of an area changes, some animals may be able to feel it through their balance organs; if there is a vibration abnormality, some animals may be able to detect it through their hearing organs. Before the earthquake, the underground rock formations had been moving slowly day by day, showing a creeping state, and there was strong friction between the fault planes. Therefore, some people believe that a frictional force will occur on the frictional fault planes only a few times to more than ten times per second. , lower than the low-frequency sound waves that human hearing can detect. Humans need more than 20 sound waves per second to feel it, but animals do not. Those animals with very sensitive feelings will be terrified when they feel this kind of sound wave, resulting in abnormal phenomena such as winter snakes coming out of their holes, fish leaping out of the water, pigs and cows jumping in circles, dogs crying and wolves roaring. There are many types of animal abnormalities, including large livestock, poultry, cave animals, hibernating animals, fish, etc.

Animal reactions and abnormal animal behavior before the earthquake

Cattle, horses, donkeys, and mules were panicking, not entering the stables, not eating, making noises, fighting in groups, breaking their reins and running away, Stomping on the ground, digging the ground, and suddenly running away while walking

Pigs do not enter the pen, do not eat, bark and make noises, climb over the pen, and escape outside the pen

Sheep do not enter the pen, do not Eating, barking and making a fuss, escaping out of the circle, making a fuss

The dog barks, cries, sniffs and scratches the ground, bites, runs and makes a fuss, moves with the puppy in its mouth, and the police dog does not listen to instructions

The cat panicked and moved up the tree with its kitten in its mouth

The rabbit refused to eat grass, screamed in the nest and fled out of the nest

Ducks and geese Do not enter the water during the day, do not enter the frame at night, do not eat, follow the owner closely, scream, and fly high

Chickens do not enter the frame, collide with the frame, make trouble in the frame, or climb trees

Pigeons do not enter the nest, but roost outside the house, and suddenly start flying out of the nest

Rats come out of their holes in groups during the day, acting in a drunken daze, not afraid of people, running around in panic, and moving around with mice in their mouths

Hibernating snakes come out of their holes and freeze to death in the snow. Their numbers increase and they gather together

Fish float in groups, swim wildly, jump out of the water, and fish in tanks jump around. Bleeding when the head and tail are touched, jumping out of the tank, making noises, becoming sluggish, and dying

Toads (toads) come out of their holes in groups, and even run into the streets

Abnormal conditions of animals, People also have a few jingles that sum it up well:

Animals have warning signs before earthquakes, so it is very important to conduct mass testing and prevention.

Cattle, sheep, mules and horses are not allowed to enter the stables, and pigs are not allowed to eat. Dogs bite them indiscriminately.

Ducks don’t go into the water and make noise on the shore, while chickens fly up the trees and crow loudly.

Snakes come out of their holes in the ice and snow, and rats run away with mice in their mouths.

The rabbit jumped up and down, and the fish leaped across the water and jumped in panic.

The swarms of bees are noisy, and the doves are frightened and cannot return to their nests.

Every household is observed and any abnormality is reported quickly.

In addition, some plants also have abnormal reactions before earthquakes, such as germinating, flowering, and fruiting out of season, or large areas of withering and abnormal luxuriance.

20 Earthquake Proverbs

1. As soon as the sound is reported, the earthquake comes.

2. Large earthquakes sound deep, while small earthquakes sound sharp.

3. If the sound is long, it is far away; if the sound is short, it is not far away.

4. Listen first, then move. Act quickly when you hear the noise.

5. Bump up and down, and swing back and forth for a long time.

6. When you are close, jump up and down; when you are far away, swing left and right.

7. Bumping up and down, in front of your eyes; dangling in the horizon.

8. If the house is placed east to west, the earthquake will come from the east and west; if it is placed north to south, it will come from the north and south.

9. The sand blast and water flow along the road, and the underground is the old river.

10. Which one has the most water and sand? Needless to say, there is waterlogged alkaline land.

11. When the tofu is squeezed, water and residue will come out; when there is an earthquake, water and sand will spray out.

12. The depression is heavy and the flat land is light; the sandy land is heavy and the land is light.

13. Brick-covered adobe walls are the least resistant to earthquakes.

14. The crispness comes from the strength, but the strength comes from the shaking strength.

15. Parapets and eaves are the most unlucky for earthquakes.

16. The foundation should be firmer and farther away from the river; the walls should be better and the connections should be tighter; the house should be shorter and the roof should be lighter; the layout should be reasonable and the appearance should be simple. If you want to be better, learn more from each other.

17. There are earthquakes and frequent rains, either in sudden bursts or violent storms.

18. The fifteenth day of the lunar calendar falls on the first day of the Lunar New Year, so pay more attention to work at home.

19. Well water is a treasure, and the signs come early.

20. Groundwater has signs: it either rises or falls; sweetness turns to bitterness, bitterness turns to sweetness; it becomes muddy and sandy again. If you see it, please report it. Why? Noisy forecast.

3. Meteorological anomalies

People often describe earthquake forecasting technicians as "managing the sky above, the earth below, and the air in the middle." This is indeed true. Before earthquakes, the weather often appears abnormal. The main symptoms include muggy heat before the earthquake, anxiety and irritability, long drought without rain or continuous rain, yellow fog, dark sunlight, strange winds, hail in June, etc. For example: floating clouds are in the shape of extremely long rays in the sky, and the location where the center of the ray points is the location of the central earthquake. Such ray clouds are easily observed by people.

4. Abnormal geoacoustic sounds

Abnormal geoacoustic sounds refer to the sounds coming from underground before earthquakes. The sound is as diverse as the sound of cannons and thunder, the movement of heavy vehicles, and the blowing of strong winds. When an earthquake occurs, longitudinal waves radiate from the source and propagate along the ground, causing the air to vibrate and make sounds. Since the velocity of the longitudinal waves is large but weak, people only hear the sound and do not feel the ground is moving. It takes the arrival of the transverse waves to feel movement. . Therefore, there are often records in the epicenter area that "before each earthquake, there is a sound in the ground, like the turbulence of the earth's air, like the swelling of boiling water in a cauldron". If you are in the epicenter, you can often hear the sound of a magnitude 3 earthquake. Ground sounds are the result of changes in the structure and structure of underground rocks and the movement of liquids and gases contained in them. A considerable part of ground sounds are signs of impending earthquakes. Mastering the knowledge of geoacoustics may have better prediction and prevention effects on earthquakes.

5. Abnormal ground light

Abnormal ground light refers to the light coming from underground before the earthquake. Its colors are various, and mixed colors rare in daily life can be seen, such as silver and blue. , white and purple, etc., but mainly red and white; their shapes are also different, including ribbon, spherical, columnar, diffuse, etc. Generally, ground lights appear over a large area, usually within a few hours to a few minutes before an earthquake, and last for a few seconds. Colorful luminous phenomena appeared during and before and after earthquakes in Haicheng, Longling, Tangshan and Songpan in my country. Earth lights often appear simultaneously with natural phenomena such as earthquakes, landslides, landslides, collapses, sand blasts, water spurts, and jets. They often migrate regularly along fault zones or an area, and are synchronized with other macro and micro anomalies. Their causes are always related to Crustal movements are closely related. And controlled by geological conditions and surface and atmospheric conditions, it can cause varying degrees of harm to humans, animals, and plants.

The reports of ground light anomalies we have so far are all from a few seconds to a minute before the earthquake. Such as the Haicheng earthquake, Lancang, Gengma earthquake, etc. have collected similar reports.

6. Geo-gas anomalies

Geo-gas anomalies refer to the fog that comes from the ground before earthquakes, also known as ground aerosol or ground fog. This kind of fog comes in a variety of colors, including white, black, yellow, and sometimes colorless. It often appears a few days to a few minutes before an earthquake. It is often accompanied by a strange smell, sometimes accompanied by sound or high temperature.

7. Earthquake anomalies

Earthquake anomalies refer to the shaking of the ground before an earthquake. It is a well-known phenomenon that the ground vibrates violently during earthquakes. But before an earthquake occurs, sometimes the ground is shaken. This shaking is different from that during an earthquake. It swings very slowly and is often not recorded by seismometers, but many people can feel it. The most significant seismic anomalies occurred before the 7.3-magnitude Haicheng earthquake on February 4, 1975. From late December 1974 to the end of January 1975, they occurred in Dandong, Kuandian, Fengcheng, Shenyang, Xiuyan and other places. 17 earthquakes.

8. Abnormal floor drum

Abnormal floor drum refers to the appearance of bulges on the ground before an earthquake. About half a year before the 7.9-magnitude Luhuo earthquake in Sichuan on February 6, 1973, a floor drum appeared on a lawn in Tuoba District, Ganzi County. It was shaped like an upside-down iron pot, about 20 centimeters high, and cracks and bulges appeared intermittently around it. It disappears after a few days and repeats many times until an earthquake occurs. Abnormalities similar to floor drums include ground cracks and subsidence.

9. Electromagnetic anomalies

Electromagnetic anomalies refer to abnormalities that occur in household appliances such as radios, televisions, fluorescent lamps, etc. before earthquakes. The most common electromagnetic anomaly is the failure of radios. In northern areas, it is also common for fluorescent lamps to self-illuminate before earthquakes.

A few days before the 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Tangshan on July 28, 1976, many radios in Tangshan and its neighboring areas failed. The sound was louder and quieter, sometimes non-existent, the frequency modulation was inaccurate, and sometimes there was continuous noise. Also before the Tangshan earthquake, some people in the city saw turned off fluorescent lights first turning red and then lighting up at night. Some people in Beijing turned off fluorescent lights before going to bed, but the lights were still on.

Electromagnetic anomalies also include abnormal operation of some motor equipment, such as abnormal microwave stations, interference in radio plants, and malfunctions of electronic alarm clocks.

Seismic macro anomalies play an important role in earthquake prediction, especially short-term prediction. Before the 1975 Haicheng magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Liaoning and the 1976 Songpan and Pingwu magnitude 7.2 earthquakes, earthquake workers and the general public A large number of macroscopic anomalies were observed, which provided important data for the successful prediction of these two earthquakes. However, it should also be noted that the various macroscopic phenomena listed above may be caused by a variety of reasons and are not necessarily harbingers of earthquakes. For example: the rise and fall of well water and spring water may be related to the amount of rainfall, or may be affected by nearby pumping, drainage and construction. The discoloration and taste of well water may be caused by pollution. Abnormal behavior of animals may be related to weather changes, diseases, and estrus. , external stimulation, etc., you should also be careful not to mistake welding arc light, lightning, etc. for ground light, do not mistake thunder for ground sound, and do not mistake fireworks and flares for underground fireballs.

Once an abnormal natural phenomenon is discovered, do not easily conclude that an earthquake is about to occur, let alone panic. Instead, you should find out the time, place and related circumstances of the abnormal phenomenon, protect the scene, and report to the government Or report it to the seismological department, and let the professionals of the seismological department investigate and verify it to find out the truth of the matter.

2. Microscopic anomalies of earthquakes

Seismic anomalies that cannot be detected by human senses and can only be measured with specialized instruments are called microscopic anomalies of earthquakes, which mainly include the following categories:

Abnormal seismic activity: There is a certain relationship between large and small earthquakes. Although there are not many major earthquakes, there are many small and medium earthquakes. Study the characteristics of small and medium earthquake activities. It may help people predict the occurrence of major earthquakes in the future.

Abnormal ground deformation: Before a major earthquake occurs, the crust in the area near the epicenter may undergo slight deformation, and the rock layers on both sides of some faults may undergo slight displacement. With the help of precision instruments, this can be measured. This is a very weak change. Analysis of this data can help people predict the occurrence of future major earthquakes.

Geophysical changes: During the earthquake preparation process, the physical properties of the earthquake source area and surrounding rocks may undergo some changes. Using precision instruments to measure the changes in gravity, geoelectricity and geomagnetism in different areas can also help people Predict earthquakes.

Changes in underground fluids: Groundwater (well water, spring water, water contained in underground rock formations), oil and natural gas, and some other gases may be produced and stored in underground rock formations. These are underground fluids. Using instruments to measure the chemical composition and certain physical quantities of underground fluids and studying their changes can help people predict earthquakes.

Poems about earthquake precursors

1. Abnormal groundwater

Well water is a treasure, and the precursors come early.

There is no rain and the quality is muddy. There is water in wells due to drought.

The water level changes greatly, causing flowers to bubble.

Some change color, and some change taste.

2. Biological anomalies

Mules, horses, cattle and sheep do not enter the pen, ducks do not enter the water, and dogs bark wildly.

The mice moved away and fled, and the pigeons flew away in fright and could not return to their nests.

Snakes come out of their holes in the ice and snow, and fish jump out of the water in fear.

3. Others

Before the earthquake, for a moment, there was a rumble and a flash of light.

When a major earthquake is coming, be decisive and act quickly to avoid danger.

Earthquakes and "Wind", "Water" and "Dragon Veins"

Researcher Dong Bin, an expert in environmental landscape ecology at International East-West University: If you are a scholar, please come out and communicate with us. , the so-called dragon refers to the image of "mountain", which is the shelter of wind and water. Because the terrain is higher and farther and the topography is more complicated, it was called "dragon" by the predecessors. Generally, a place with wind and water , is the dragon vein, the vein not only refers to mountains, but also to water, as the saying goes, "earth veins" and "water veins". Among the geographical terms, "Earth Pulse" in English is translated as "Pulse of the Earth", "Water Pulse" is "Water PULSE", these are all Feng Shui fields, Feng Shui is science, but it is important to understand There were too few people who understood environmental landscape ecology and Feng Shui scientifically. In the ancient East, because they did not realize that these phenomena were natural Feng Shui phenomena that could be defined by scientific terms, it was understandable that dragon veins were understood as "mountains." , this comes from the totem worship and reverence of nature of ancient people, called "dragon vein", which is very vivid, powerful and unpredictable. This is the description of "dragon" in ancient China, and it is a kind of quasi-objective rhetorical description. In fact, the movement of mountains in nature is indeed powerful enough to be described by the term "dragon". Perhaps the strong earthquakes seen by ancient humans were as ferocious and terrifying as the carnivorous dinosaurs they had seen. "Zuo Zhuan" says that "the dragon descended in Jiangjiao". The ancients must have seen creatures like dragons. This is certain. However, later this animal, which was only limited to living in China, became extinct. Therefore, we must protect it today. The existence of these rare creatures on the verge of extinction shows that ecology and human beings coexist harmoniously, and that harmonious coexistence between man and ecology has been achieved. In recent days, due to academic research projects, I have often communicated with our principal Cheng Zhongying and talked about subject and ecology. We have been talking for several hours about the problem of achieving harmony between objects. When talking about this issue, scientific viewpoints cannot be denied, and superstitious things and mysterious viewpoints must be given up and discarded.

Take Beijing as an example. Baiwang Mountain, Yuquan Mountain, and Xishan Mountain in the northwest of Beijing are the "geographic dragon veins" of Beijing. If the "geographic dragon veins" here play a good role, they can play a role in blocking sand and dirt from entering Beijing. , this place must be well constructed and well protected. As we all know, the northwest wind season in the north is very long, and the northwest wind flow has a great impact on Beijing. The beautiful natural scenery in the northwest of Beijing integrates many functions of an ecological and livable environment. , most functions, this is also China's "humanistic dragon vein", China's earliest university education started here, many institutions of higher learning, and they are all built in areas with beautiful natural environments and profound historical foundations. But. The Asuwei Landfill and Liulitun Landfill in the northwest suburbs of Beijing were built in the mountainous areas of the northwest suburbs of Beijing. This is due to the lack of awareness of environmental landscape and environmental ecological management and the lack of environmental landscape and environmental ecological management. In terms of overall planning, as an educational institution mainly dedicated to graduate education and higher academic research, the School of Environmental Ecological Management of International East-West University plans to offer a master's and doctoral degree in this course.

I just said that in Among the terms in geography, "Earth Pulse" and "Water PULSE" are all Feng Shui fields, and these Feng Shui are science. For example, "Water Pulse", Water Pulse is When groundwater flows, it is impacted by obstacles and forms electric and magnetic fields. This wave force can penetrate the surface and reach the ground, causing cracks in building walls and poor plant growth. It can also cause confusion in human brain waves and electromagnets, hindering physiological rhythms. If you are exposed to water pulse waves for a long time, it can cause stroke. , elevated blood pressure, cardiosplenomegaly and other diseases. For example: "Sometimes we feel uncomfortable sleeping, but it will improve if we change places. This is an intuitive manifestation caused by water pulse waves. This has been understood as "miasma" and "feng shui" in East Asia for thousands of years.

Is this certain that earthquakes are related to changes in the so-called "dragon veins" (including earth veins and water vein waves)?

The earthquake caused changes in dragon veins, "Earth Pulse" and "Water Pulse", which are changes in the movement of water pulsations. Earth pulses also include plate movements. The China Geological Survey recently held a meeting on the Wenchuan earthquake and its The Situation Analysis Conference on Induced Secondary Geological Disasters conducted a "consultation" on the disaster situation. It was initially believed that the Wenchuan earthquake was caused by the Indian plate and was a thrust, right-lateral, and compression-type fault earthquake that occurs on the earth every ten years. Intermittent changes are something seismologists know best. There is relative motion at the boundaries between more than a dozen plates on the earth. In addition, there is a peak in the sun's changes every 11.2 years or so, that is, sunspots. The relative number is extremely large, which is also a celestial movement field and a geomantic field.

Scientists believe that the subduction of the Indian plate towards the Asian plate caused the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the slow flow of plateau material to the east. Squeeze eastward along the Longmenshan tectonic belt, encountering the strong resistance of the rigid massif beneath the Sichuan Basin, resulting in long-term accumulation of tectonic stress energy, which was eventually released suddenly in the Beichuan-Yingxiu area of ​​the Longmenshan Mountains, causing the rare Wenchuan County earthquake.