Planting time and method of cantaloupe (planting time of cantaloupe)
Planting time and method of Hami melon
Planting time: Hami melon is usually planted around April 20th when the underground soil temperature is stable at around 14℃. Planting method: it is not suitable for continuous cropping. Leguminosae, Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae crops cannot be planted around the planting area. Deep tillage should be carried out first.
Then, an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to each mu, mixed evenly, and planted at a spacing of about 50cm. The height of the arch shed is about 100cm. Timely check the seedlings and replant them, and do a good job of intertillage and weeding at seedling stage.
Planting method of cantaloupe:
Determination of sowing date:
The best sowing date of Hami melon in greenhouse in spring is 65438+1from late October to early February.
Channel sand ridge:
Sand ridge: according to the width of the shed, dig an inclined ditch in the shape of an inverted triangle, with the upper bottom about 30cm wide and the depth about 40cm, and lay an iron net at the bottom of the ditch 20cm or 25cm. The iron net is covered with plastic net, and the ditch wall on the net is covered with a layer of linoleum and a layer of plastic cloth to separate it from the soil, and then it is filled with sand and leveled. Ridge spacing is1.2m. Change sand every two years.
Waterway: dig a drainage trough vertically at the end of the lower ridge to communicate with each ridge. Excess water and fertilizer in the ridge can be discharged into this tank for secondary utilization. Cement is used to clean the groove and prevent seepage, which is suitable for running water. A water storage tank is built on the ground side to communicate with the water tank.
A main pipe with a diameter of 1.5 or 2 inches is arranged on the high side of the ridge, which is connected with the water pump and knotted at the end. The branch pipes are connected along a ridge with a diameter of 0.5 or 0.8 inches, and the ends are pierced with two holes with large pinholes. In order to prevent water from splashing on the blades, the branch pipe is covered with a film, pumped and pressurized by a small pump, and watered by half-drop and half-spray.
When will cantaloupe be planted?
Take Hainan as an example, from June 10 to the following June 10, and from June 10 to May.
Cultivation techniques of Hami melon
cultivated variety
1. Suitable planting period
The dry season of 65438+ 10 to May of the following year is the best time to plant cantaloupe, and two crops can be planted, namely, the autumn and winter crops of 65438+ 10 to May of the following year and the winter and spring crops of 65438+ 10 to May of the following year.
2. Variety selection
There are many varieties of cantaloupes. At present, Simian rice is the main cultivated variety in Hainan Province, and some related enterprises also have Mi Shuai 1, Flo 1 and other varieties. There will also be some varieties of small melons, such as Jin Xiangyu, which have higher prices but lower yields, accounting for a small proportion.
Planting technique
1. Soak seeds to accelerate germination.
When soaking seeds, put the seeds into warm water at 55℃, stir continuously for 15min, let them cool naturally, then soak the seeds for 4-6h, then wash the seeds to accelerate germination. The suitable temperature for accelerating germination is 28-30℃, and it can be done when the seeds are broken and white.
sow seeds
When sowing, firstly, the holes of the seedling tray are filled with nutrient soil, compacted and watered, and then the rubbed seeds are laid flat in the middle of the holes of the seedling tray and covered with a layer of nutrient soil.
3. Seedbed management
After sowing, water in time and pay attention to temperature control. Generally, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25℃ to 30℃, and 30℃ needs ventilation to cool down. Control at 65438 00℃ at night.
Step 4: Planting
Generally, the cantaloupes in Hainan began to be transplanted one after another after the beginning of 10. The cantaloupes planted in greenhouses were cultivated in vertical frames, generally about 1600 plants per mu, and the spacing between plants was 40 ~ 45cm. Water after transplanting. When watering, appropriate rooting products, such as humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, can be added to match it. After underwater infiltration, it should be covered with soil and sealed.
5. Slow seedlings
Slow down the seedlings for 3 ~ 5 days after planting, and strictly control the water during the slow-down period, so as to facilitate the root knot and promote the root growth.
ventilate
The temperature in Hainan is high, and greenhouses are generally semi-open, that is, the top of the greenhouse is covered with plastic film and surrounded by insect nets, which is conducive to cooling down. On rainy days, it is not ventilated on windy days. When the shed temperature drops to 25℃, close the shed to keep the proper temperature.
7. Field management of Hami melon forest
Squatting seedlings at seedling stage: it is appropriate to control water and fertilizer at seedling stage, and squat seedlings for about 20 days to promote root growth and form strong seedlings.
Pruning and crossing: generally, single vine pruning is adopted. The main vine should not be picked up, and the axillary branches and antennae of the lower stem nodes should be removed in time. Generally, the node position of sitting melon is 14 ~ 16. After melon seeds are planted, leave 1 ~ 2 leaves for coring, and stop pruning when young melons sit firmly.
Hanging vines: cantaloupe begins to hang vines after pruning, and cantaloupe vines are hung on the steel wire with drooping ropes. Hami melon grows rapidly in the vine extension stage, so it needs to be wound on the rope in time to ensure its upward growth along the hanging rope.
Pollination: Pollination is carried out after the vines with melon seeds are feminized and opened. Under general large-scale cultivation conditions, plant growth regulators are sprayed to promote fruit setting, or artificial pollination is used.
Fixed melon, hanging melon: timely fixed melon. When the eggs of young melons are big, choose 1 melon with good fruit shape, and remove all others. When the melon grows to a certain extent, it begins to hang, that is, the melon vine is hung on the steel wire above with a rope to reduce the load of the main vine, and then the cantaloupe really sits on the melon.
Fertilizer and water management: the fertilizer and water management during the growth period of Hami melon is the most important part of field management of Hami melon. Farmers generally irrigate and water plants according to their growth conditions, fertilizer demand characteristics at the growth stage and soil moisture conditions.
Can you grow cantaloupes in the south? In which month should we sow?
Hami melon can be planted in the south, which is suitable for planting all year round.
We all know that cantaloupe is a specialty of Xinjiang. Hami melon is super sweet because of the large temperature difference between day and night and little rain. But now cantaloupes can also be planted in the south. Details are as follows:
1, cantaloupe can be planted in the south.
We all know that cantaloupe is a specialty of Xinjiang, and it likes to grow in a dry environment, while it rains in some parts of the south, so planting cantaloupe in the south often leads to diseases because the environment is too humid.
But in fact, cantaloupe can be planted in the south at present, because with the progress of science and technology, China has developed cantaloupe varieties suitable for planting in the south, such as Xizhoumi and Hongmi No.1, which are characterized by strong moisture resistance, high resistance and strong disease resistance.
At present, the cantaloupe planted in the south tastes good, the agricultural planting technology is also very mature, and large-scale planting has begun in some areas.
2. Conditions and methods of planting cantaloupe in South China.
Hami melons are planted in greenhouses in spring, sown around February, raised in electric hotbeds and harvested around June.
Hami melon is best planted in nutrient soil. Disinfect before planting, and the soil should be loose and breathable. Then accelerate the germination of Hami melon seeds, remove inferior and withered seeds, then dry the seeds and soak them in warm water for several hours. After taking out, wash the seeds with clear water, and then put them in an environment with a constant temperature of 30 degrees Celsius to accelerate germination.
After the seeds germinate and grow, cantaloupe can be planted. Generally, cantaloupe will mature about 50 days after flowering.
In the process of cantaloupe planting, Woye water-soluble fertilizer can be properly applied to supplement nutrients.
In what season are cantaloupes planted?
The best sowing date of Hami melon in greenhouse in spring is1from late October to early February.
Hami melon seedlings should be dried, and the dried seeds should be baked in a constant temperature drying box at 60 ~ 69℃ for about 3 days, which has good disinfection and sterilization effect. Without this condition, the seeds can be dried in strong light for 2 days. Sowing should do:
First, the bowl surface should be flat and the seedlings should be arranged closely;
Second, the seedbed should be fully watered and sown after underwater infiltration;
The third is a bowl of seeds, which are flat;
Fourth, the covering depth should be consistent, the thickness should be around 1cm, and it should be compacted gently after sowing.
What is the correct planting method of cantaloupe?
Hami melon, also known as snow melon and tribute melon, is an excellent melon variety with round or oval fruit, which is produced in Xinjiang. Hami is the most famous one for its sweet taste and big fruit, so it is called cantaloupe. The following is the planting method of cantaloupe I have compiled, I hope it will be useful to you.
Planting techniques of Hami melon
Seedbed management
Planting cantaloupe
In spring, heat preservation and disease prevention are emphasized, the seedbed is covered with multi-layer films, and electric hot wires are laid on the ground.
Temperature management: adopt the method of "two highs and two lows" for temperature change management, that is, before seedling emergence, the temperature of seedbed should be kept at 30 ~ 32℃ during the day and at 18 ~ 20℃ at night to promote seedling emergence; Before the first true leaf is unfolded, the bed temperature should be appropriately reduced to 25 ~ 28℃ during the day and to 15 ~ 16℃ at night to prevent high seedlings; When the third true leaf appears, the bed temperature should be properly increased, which should be kept between 30 ~ 32℃ during the day and between 18 ~ 20℃ at night to promote the early appearance of true leaf. One week before sowing, the seedlings gradually adapted to the field environmental conditions after low temperature exercise.
water management
Water should be strictly controlled at seedling stage, and appropriate amount of water should be poured according to the degree of dryness and wetness of seedbed bowl before noon on sunny days. After watering, cover with plastic film after the water on the plant surface and soil surface evaporates and the water stains are dried.
Humidity lighting
Ventilation and humidity reduction is the key to prevent seedling diseases. Therefore, after sufficient sowing, the plastic film in the shed should be uncovered as far as possible within the scope of bed temperature to increase ventilation and reduce the air humidity of the seedbed. In rainy weather, short-term ventilation should be carried out around noon to reduce humidity and increase light.
25% Amisi SC can be sprayed once during seedling raising to prevent diseases and improve resistance.
The common pruning methods in Hami melon production mainly include single vine pruning and double vine pruning.
Single vine pruning
That is, the main vine is pumped late, and the lateral buds at the base of the main vine are removed. In spring, choose 12 ~ 15 vines to keep melons, and leave 2 leaves after female flowers for early topping.
Double vine pruning
Planting cantaloupe
That is, when the seedlings grow to 3-4 real leaves, pick the heart, choose to leave two thick vines, and remove all the others. In spring, choose Sunmanliu melon 1 1 ~ 13, and leave two leaves after female flower for early topping.
Hami melon is generally pollinated artificially, which should be carried out at 7 ~ 10 in spring morning. Select the male flowers of the same variety and different plants, break off the petals, and evenly and lightly wipe the stamens on the stigma of the female flowers.
When the fruit grows to the size of an egg, according to the growth and development of each fruit, one correct and robust young melon is selected by comprehensive judgment, and the rest is removed, generally topping at 28 ~ 30 knots. Generally, one vine leaves one melon, and two vines leave two melons.
Selection method of cantaloupe
Skin color observation method: Hami melon with green skin and hemp skin will turn white when it matures; The top of the yellow-skinned cantaloupe will turn bright yellow when it matures. Different varieties of cantaloupe can be judged by the top color.
Squeezing method: No matter what kind of cantaloupe is cooked, the top will become soft. Gently press the top of the melon with your hand. If it feels soft, it means the melon is ripe.
Observation method of fruit stalk: When netted cantaloupe is mature, the fruit stalk at the back end of melon is slightly concave, smooth and dense. Hami melon without mesh or semi-mesh, when mature, the color of the back fruit stalk becomes bright, there are obvious spots, fine hair is peeled off, and the surface is tough and smooth. When some varieties of Hami melon are 90% mature, the fruit stalks will be layered and easily fall off naturally.
Smell and taste identification method: all cantaloupes with aromatic characteristics, such as Huangkouqi, Hot Melon Egg, Houpiazi, Laohan Melon, etc. When mature, it will give off a rich fruit fragrance at the navel.
Tendrils observation method: No matter which variety of Hami melon, the tendrils on its nodes will obviously turn yellow when the melon matures. If you pick melons in Gua Tian, you can judge whether the melons are ripe or not according to the leaves at the internodes.
Hami melon recipe
Cold cantaloupe
Wash the plums and cut them into pieces, cut the Hami melon meat into pieces, beat them into smoothies with ice cubes100g, and put them on a plate.
Taste of dishes: sweet and sour.
Dietary nutrition: Hami melon has unique flavor and rich nutrition. In the dry matter of cantaloupe, 4% ~ 5% of sugar is easily absorbed and utilized by human body. Eating more cantaloupe is good for your health. Hami melon is cool and should not be eaten more to avoid diarrhea. Plum: Plum is one of the traditional fruits in China. Fresh fruit contains protein, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene and other vitamins and minerals, as well as amino acids and aspartic acid. Plum has a good maintenance effect on liver disease. Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Liver diseases should be eaten". Vitamin B in plums can promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, and it is good for anemic people to eat plums in moderation. The beauty of plums is very strange. Regular consumption of fresh plums can make the face smooth as jade, which is a rare natural essence in modern beauty beauty. Plum wine is called "resident wine". Plums are easy to help damp and produce phlegm, and should not be eaten more, especially those with weak spleen and stomach.
Double-layer Hami melon yogurt
Ingredients: cantaloupe100g, yogurt 250g, a little mineral water.
Practice: cut the cantaloupe into small pieces, add a little mineral water and a little yogurt and pour them into the blender for 30 seconds. Pour half a cup of yogurt into the cup, then pour in the stirred Hami melon juice, and then add a little yogurt on the top layer to drink.
Hami melon cup
Ingredients: cantaloupe 1/2, tofu 2, carrot 1/4, cherry tomatoes 2, dried tofu 2, and appropriate amount of pasta.
Practice: Cook the spaghetti until it is cooked, drain the water and put it in the "bowl" of cantaloupe. Other things can also be cooked together, and it is good to master the time of entering and leaving the pot according to the nature of each food. I didn't add any other ingredients, just a few slices of shredded onion. It can be served with minced cantaloupe and tomato sauce. There is no regulation on this. You can eat whatever sauce you like, but it's best to be sweet and commensurate with the overall style. Personally, I think cold salad tastes better.
Fried shrimp with Hami melon
Ingredients: melon 1 50g, fresh shrimp 80g, green pepper1,carrot 20g, ginger10g.
Seasoning: 500g peanut oil, 5g salt, sugar 1 g, and appropriate amount of wet starch.
Production process:
Peel Hami melon and cut into pieces; Wash the fresh shrimp; Dice green pepper; Peel and dice carrots; Cut ginger into small pieces. Heat oil in the pan. When the oil temperature is 50 degrees Celsius, add shrimp and soak until it is 90% ripe. Pour it out for later use. Add ginger slices, green pepper slices, diced carrots and diced melons to the remaining oil in the pot. Stir-fry over medium heat until almost cooked, add shrimps, add salt and sugar, stir fry, thicken with wet starch, and serve.
Key points of operation: it is not advisable to put seasoning powder in this dish, otherwise it will taste bad. The oil temperature of the soaked shrimp should not be too high, otherwise the shrimp will not be tender.
How to grow cantaloupe?
Hami melon has more than 180 varieties and types, which can be divided into early summer melon and late winter melon. Wax gourd is resistant to storage and can be put into next spring, and its taste is still fresh. But how to grow cantaloupe, then follow me to have a look.
Planting method of cantaloupe
Sowing date determination
The best sowing date of Hami melon in greenhouse in spring is 65438+1from late October to early February.
Shuidao salon
Sand ridge: according to the width of the shed, dig an inclined ditch in the shape of an inverted triangle, with the upper bottom about 30cm wide and the depth about 40cm, and lay an iron net at the bottom of the ditch 20cm or 25cm. The iron net is covered with plastic net, and the ditch wall on the net is covered with a layer of linoleum and a layer of plastic cloth to separate it from the soil, and then it is filled with sand and leveled. Ridge spacing is1.2m. Change sand every two years.
Waterway: dig a drainage trough vertically at the end of the lower ridge to communicate with each ridge. Excess water and fertilizer in the ridge can be discharged into this tank for secondary utilization. Cement is used to clean the groove and prevent seepage, which is suitable for running water. A water storage tank is built on the ground side to communicate with the water tank. A main pipe with a diameter of 1.5 or 2 inches is arranged on the high side of the ridge, which is connected with the water pump and knotted at the end. The branch pipes are connected along a ridge with a diameter of 0.5 or 0.8 inches, and the ends are pierced with two holes with large pinholes. In order to prevent water from splashing on the blades, the branch pipe is covered with a film, pumped and pressurized by a small pump, and watered by half-drop and half-spray.
Cultivate strong seedlings
Drying treatment can be used, and the dried seeds are baked in a constant temperature drying box at 60 ~ 69℃ for about 3 days, with good disinfection and sterilization effect. Without this condition, the seeds can be dried in strong light for 2 days.
When sowing, first, the bowl surface should be flat and the seedlings should be arranged closely; Second, the seedbed should be fully watered and sown after underwater infiltration; The third is a bowl of seeds, which are flat; Third, the covering depth should be consistent, the thickness should be around 1cm, and it should be compacted gently after sowing.
Field planting
Selection of fields: Hami melon should be planted with continuous cropping fields without melon stubble, and the fields with rice stubble that have not been planted for three years and are located in Gao Shuang with good drainage should be selected. Sandy soil with rich organic matter and good air permeability is the first choice for planting cantaloupe.
Adequate base fertilizer: ploughing should be carried out one month before planting, and the appropriate ploughing depth is 25 ~ 30cm. At the same time, it is necessary to open the supporting ditch system and apply enough base fertilizer into the whole plough layer at one time. Generally, about 0/000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer of potassium sulfate and 50kg of calcium superphosphate are used per mu.
Land preparation for border tillage: when border tillage is carried out, it must be high and ridged. Generally, the four sides are cultivated vertically, and the two sides are cultivated by crawling. The frame should be made into the shape of turtle's back and covered with plastic film, which is beneficial to moisturizing, reducing humidity and preventing grass.
Covering with scaffolding: 15 ~ 20 days before planting, the greenhouse should be set up, covered with plastic film, and the ground temperature and the temperature in the greenhouse should be increased to achieve the purpose of preheating the melon road.
Planting period: planting should be based on seedling age and leaf age, and the seedling age in spring is about 30 days. Generally from late February to mid-March.
planting density
Climbing cultivation on the ground: plant spacing is about 45cm, with 2 beds per shed and about 500 plants per mu.
Scaffolding cultivation: the plant spacing is about 40cm, with 4-5 beds in each shed and about 1 100 plants per mu.
Planting rows are generally in the middle of the border. When planting, you should choose sunny weather, water the living trees in time, and use 70% Pinus elliottii wettable powder and other drugs to prevent diseases.
When multi-layer film is used for insulation in spring, special attention should be paid to moisture reduction and disease prevention. Try to create a strong light environment, often uncover the film to reduce the humidity in sunny days, and keep the greenhouse at 28 ~ 30℃ during the day and not lower than10℃ at night before fruit setting; When the vines grow to the fruit-setting festival, reduce the temperature appropriately to promote fruit-setting; The temperature difference between day and night should be increased during the fruit expansion period, so as to facilitate the transformation and accumulation of fruit nutrients, promote fruit expansion and improve quality.
According to plant growth, plant nutrient solution can be sprayed after living trees to promote tree growth, such as giving Baokang liquid fertilizer. Top dressing 1 ~ 2 times during fruit expansion period can be applied at a hole 30cm away from the root, with spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves, and applying compound fertilizer 10 ~ 15 kg per mu. Stop watering before melon ripens 15 days to prevent fruit cracking.
Seedbed management
In spring, heat preservation and disease prevention are emphasized, the seedbed is covered with multi-layer films, and electric hot wires are laid on the ground.
Temperature management: adopt the method of "two highs and two lows" for temperature change management, that is, before seedling emergence, the temperature of seedbed should be kept at 30 ~ 32℃ during the day and at 18 ~ 20℃ at night to promote seedling emergence; Before the first true leaf is unfolded, the bed temperature should be appropriately reduced to 25 ~ 28℃ during the day and to 15 ~ 16℃ at night to prevent high seedlings; When the third true leaf appears, the bed temperature should be properly increased, which should be kept between 30 ~ 32℃ during the day and between 18 ~ 20℃ at night to promote the early appearance of true leaf. One week before sowing, the seedlings gradually adapted to the field environmental conditions after low temperature exercise.
water management
Water should be strictly controlled at seedling stage, and appropriate amount of water should be poured according to the degree of dryness and wetness of seedbed bowl before noon on sunny days. After watering, cover with plastic film after the water on the plant surface and soil surface evaporates and the water stains are dried.
Humidity lighting
Ventilation and humidity reduction is the key to prevent seedling diseases. Therefore, after sufficient sowing, the plastic film in the shed should be uncovered as far as possible within the scope of bed temperature to increase ventilation and reduce the air humidity of the seedbed. In rainy weather, short-term ventilation should be carried out around noon to reduce humidity and increase light.
25% Amisi SC can be sprayed once during seedling raising to prevent diseases and improve resistance.
decrease
The common pruning methods in Hami melon production mainly include single vine pruning and double vine pruning.
Single vine pruning
That is, the main vine is pumped late, and the lateral buds at the base of the main vine are removed. In spring, choose 12 ~ 15 vines to keep melons, and leave 2 leaves after female flowers for early topping.
Double vine pruning
That is, when the seedlings grow to 3-4 real leaves, pick the heart, choose to leave two thick vines, and remove all the others. In spring, choose Sunmanliu melon 1 1 ~ 13, and leave two leaves after female flower for early topping.
Hami melon is generally pollinated artificially, which should be carried out at 7 ~ 10 in spring morning. Select the male flowers of the same variety and different plants, break off the petals, and evenly and lightly wipe the stamens on the stigma of the female flowers.
When the fruit grows to the size of an egg, according to the growth and development of each fruit, one correct and robust young melon is selected by comprehensive judgment, and the rest is removed, generally topping at 28 ~ 30 knots. Generally, one vine leaves one melon, and two vines leave two melons.
Plant cultivation of Hami melon
Melons are known by their place names, and the land by its smell. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, sweet and delicious cantaloupe spread to Dunhuang and Anxi in Gansu, and thus entered the court of the Han Dynasty. In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi, Hami I returned to King Ibn Dura and paid tribute to the unique melon species of Hami, Jiageguada, which was named by Emperor Kangxi. Since then, Hami and cantaloupe have become famous all over the world. Ji Xiaolan, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, once wrote in Notes of Yuewei Caotang: "Grapes win Turpan, melons win Hami." Then he hit the floor and said, "Those Gonggua people are really Hami people. The Hami Melon Garden, which was completed in 2006, has a Hami Melon History Museum and a Hami Melon Corridor for Chinese and foreign guests to learn about and taste Hami Melons. At present, there are 44 excellent varieties of Hami melon, including 7 early-maturing melons, 23 summer-maturing melons, autumn-maturing melons 1 1, and 3 winter-maturing melons.
Starting from 1993, Hami City invited guests from all over the world to hold a sweet trip in the melon-intensive season in July. During the Hami Melon Festival, Hami not only held a variety of activities such as tasting melons, enjoying melons and competing melons, but also successfully joined hands with the Miss International Tourism Competition to build a cultural stage, sing operas and make friends, expand opening up and promote development, graft fashionable and vivid cultural concepts into the profound melon township culture, show the unique folk customs, human history and natural scenery of melon township with the beautiful style of Miss International Tourism, and continuously improve Hami. The success of the 6th Hami Melon Festival has made it one of the most important festivals in Hami and even Xinjiang.
Articles on Hami melon cultivation;
1. How to grow cantaloupe
2. How to grow cantaloupe
3. How to grow cantaloupe in greenhouse
4. How to manage cantaloupe planting?