Architectural drawing learning skills and house Feng Shui
Draw construction drawings in the order of horizontal, vertical and section.
1. Plane
1. Clearly mark the methods of drainage, steps, treads, stair railings, guardrails, and expansion joints (deformation joints);
2. Kitchen , The floor plan of the bathroom, including toilet, washbasin, bathtub, floor drain and floor drain slope direction (1), indoor elevation (generally 0.030m lower than the floor height);
3. Balcony Floor layout, including floor drains and floor drain slope directions (1), clothes drying racks, railing methods, indoor elevation (generally 0.030m lower than the floor height);
4. Functional indication of each room;
5. Indoor and outdoor ground elevations, stairwell elevations;
6. Dimensions should first indicate the axis span distance, and then clearly indicate the detailed dimensions;
7. Lay out the stairwell floor plan and clearly mark the step size; stairwells are generally between 120-200, and protective measures must be added if the stairwell exceeds 200.
8. For roof drainage design, the water separation line is located across the center line, building slope 2, building reverse slope 1, the intersection of building slope and building reverse slope is the water accumulation line, downpipe method;
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9. The method of roofing should be drawn on the roof;
10. The location of the water tank, the manhole of the water tank, and the ladder;
11. The method of eaves, please use the atlas Or design according to the requirements of the plan;
12. Clear index of the plan view;
2. Facade
1. When adding facade doors and windows, the height of the doors and windows must be In addition to considering the width, you must also consider the floor height and beam height. For glass curtain walls, you must also consider the water barrier on the floor (usually 100-300 meters high);
2. The upper surfaces of facade doors and windows should be as flush as possible to ensure Facade effect;
3. The height and width difference between facade doors and windows should not exceed two building modules (300);
4. The door and window frame lines are slightly thicker, and when they meet the inner Use thin lines for walls, doors and window frames. Highlight the inner and outer levels;
5. When marking the facade dimensions, try to mark the nearest opening and grid size. Other unshown dimensions should be clearly marked with elevations and linear markings at the nearest location;
6 , Exterior wall decoration index description;
3. Section
1. The section should be cut into the stairwell;
2. Design the height and width of the stair steps and rest platform Width, try to ensure that the width between two ladder beams does not exceed 4200m, and the height and width of the steps are required to be b 2hlt; 620;
3. Indicate clearly the lines of uncut beams, columns, doors and windows;
4. Vertical markings clearly indicate the size of window openings, stair tread dimensions, elevations, and floor relationships. Horizontal markings clearly indicate the relationship between floor slabs, beams, and axes;
5. Detailed drawing index The cross-sectional position should correspond to the plan;
IV. Large sample
1. Clearly express the location of the large sample, such as floor elevation and relationship with the axis;
2. The structural form is expressed correctly;
3. Balconies and corridors are lower than the floor (generally 0.030 high); design experience: 1. First pay attention to the floor height issue and don’t cause trouble for yourself. (There is a limit of 16 meters)
Storage room + five-story residence
2.2 + 4x3 + indoor and outdoor height difference <16 meters
Storage room + six floors Residential
Fully above-ground storage room 2+5x2.75+0.25 (height difference between indoor and outdoor) lt; 16 meters
Half-ground storage room 1 (underground) 1.2 (above ground) +5x2.8+0. 45 (height difference between indoor and outdoor) <16 meters.
None of the above situations violate the regulations, please make your choice.
Another situation is that the top floor is a loft, and an additional floor can be added to the above. In most cases, it is an upper level attic.
2. Drawing
There is a sequence problem here. Everyone may have their own habits, but I think mine is better. After the general house type is determined, it is one day. It can be won with effort.
The following will take Tianzheng 5.5 + AUTO CAD 2002 as an example (storage room + five-story residence, 2.2 + 4x3 + indoor and outdoor height difference <16 meters) to explain.
On the premise that the apartment type is determined, look at the number of units in this building based on the general plan, because we determine the setting of expansion joints based on the length of the building.
Draw half of the unit first, and draw the standard floor first (same floor plan).
Axis, use a single line to draw the wall line according to the house type drawing, change the single line into a wall (240 wide), delete unnecessary walls; set door and window openings, general settings:
M-1 Entrance door 1000x2100
M-2 Inner door (bedroom and study) 900X2100
M-3 Kitchen door 800X2100
M-4 Bathroom door 800X2100
M-5 Balcony door (sliding door) 2100x2600
C-1 Master bedroom window 1800X1700, window sill 900
C-2 Secondary bedroom study window 1500x1700
C-3 Kitchen window 1500x1600, window sill height 1000
C-4 Bathroom window 900x800 window sill 1800
C-5 1200X1600 Stairwell window, window sill height 1000
C-5 Balcony window Balcony perimeter length Arrange the location of the washing machine, refrigerator and air conditioner in the main room, because the water supply and drainage electrical professional needs to be positioned; set the location of the gas hood and range hood, set the location of the vegetable sink and mop pool, set the location of the toilet and shower head, and set up the towel rack , the location of the soap box and toilet paper box; set the location of the closet and shoe cabinet, set the location and drainage slope of the floor drain, and set the height difference of the balcony kitchen and bathroom.
Deploy the locations of various pipeline openings. Heating is needed in the north, so heating needs to be metered by household.
Solar opening, located in the bathroom, size 300x400;
Indoor power distribution box 400x200x120
CATV300X200x120;
Outdoor power box 500x500x120;
The size of the kitchen exhaust pipe well is 300x400;
The maximum size of the metering pipe well for each household is 500x1200, one for each household is 400x800, and the thermal meter box is 800x600x240;
The air-conditioning entrance hole has a round hole diameter of 100mm.
Set up an outdoor air-conditioning platform with a size of 600x1000 and a thickness of 60.
Mark the room name and usage area;
Mark the opening dimensions of interior doors and windows.
Mirror to generate a standard unit, add structural columns, generally each node of the exterior wall and the four corners of the stairs, with a size of 240x240. Structural columns were added to walls whose length exceeds twice the floor height, and finally the positions of the columns were changed according to the structural drawings.
The width of the stairwell is generally 2600. In this example, the width of the stairwell can be 2400. Pay attention to some specifications of the stairwell. The railing height is 900 (1050 on the top level of the horizontal section), the railing spacing is 0.11, and the width of the stair section is not less than 1 meter, the width of the rest platform should be 1.2 meters, and the depth of the stairwell is generally 5400. 1.2+9x0.3+1.5=5.4.
The pillars of Tianzheng 5.5 cannot be mirrored, and the thickness of the wall will be displayed incorrectly. You can copy it.
After copying, obtain the standard layer plane and mark the axis dimensions; turn off the axis layer and mark the dimensions of the exterior wall door and window openings.
Mark the name and scale of the drawing and insert the frame.
Copy the standard layer upwards, modify the stairwell and floor height labels, and obtain the top floor plan.
Copy the standard layer downwards, modify the layer height annotation, add an awning, and obtain a 2-story floor plan.
Copy the 2nd floor plan, modify the stairwell parameters, change the awning to a ramp, delete the balcony, change the name of the opening, modify the indoor elevation, increase the outdoor elevation, add a north compass, and use the PL line along the exterior wall Draw closed lines, offset them to generate scattered water, and finally get a floor plan.
Copy the axis and axis size of the first floor and the PL line just now, offset it inward by 240 to generate the roof parapet, offset it outward by 600 to generate the roof cornice, copy the standard layer solar oil well and balcony to the top floor The plan is modified, the height of the roof well is 600, the height of the parapet is 900, and a manhole is set in the stairwell with a size of 600x600. Draw the direction and slope of drainage and the location of storm drains.
The plane is now complete. 3. Regarding the ground floor:
1. Outdoor steps, ramps, open ditches, and indoor and outdoor elevations should be indicated.
2. If there is a garage on the ground floor, a fireproof overhang should be installed above the door opening of the exterior wall. The entrance and exit of the stairwell and other public buildings are the same.
3. The entrance and exit of a residential building is located at the bottom of the open stair platform, and safety measures such as rain covers should be installed to prevent objects from falling and injuring people.
4. The width L of the scattered water should be 600~1000mm. When using unorganized drainage, the width of the scattered water can be 200~300mm according to the cornice line; the slope can be 3~5, generally 5; When using concrete, expansion joints should be set at intervals of 20~30m. A gap should be set up between the bulk water and the exterior wall. The width of the gap can be 20~30mm. The gap should be filled with asphalt material.
See Fujian 86J901 (7/3) for the method of water dispersion, which is water dispersion of cement mortar.
3. The width of the open trench is generally around 200mm, and the atlas takes 200mm or 250mm. When applying the provincial standard atlas, the value of depth H should be indicated (H=300mm for a single project). The bottom of the ditch should have a longitudinal slope of about 0.5.
The practice of open ditches can be found in Fujian 86J901 (1/4), which is a brick-lined open ditch.
4. The height of the foot brace is generally the height difference between the indoor floor and the outdoor floor. It can also be increased according to the needs of the facade.
See Min 97J09 (17/49) for the method of legging the exterior walls. The granite surface layer is used, and the height is from the outdoor floor to the indoor floor elevation.
5. For the method of outdoor steps, see Fujian 86J901 (4/7), which is No. 150 concrete steps and 12mm thick terrazzo surface. 4. Regarding the standard floor:
1. The floor elevation should be indicated; the lowered elevation of the bathroom and balcony.
2. Aluminum alloy doors and windows refer to Xie Xie 91J604. Door and window codes and numbering methods: Doors and windows are marked with pinyin letters according to their opening forms for identification. The code is as follows: M-door;
G-fixed type; T-push-pull type; P-casement type; C-window; S-top hanging type; H-sliding brace type; DM-spring door; a-left opening; b-right opening;
C2-windows with the same opening size and different forms.
3. See Fujian 86SJ601 for plywood doors.
4. The size of the reserved hole in the floor slab for kitchen exhaust ducts on the eighth floor and below: 550×350.
The size of the reserved hole in the floor slab for bathroom exhaust ducts on the eighth floor and below: 430×300. House Orientation: Orientation is the most critical step in determining whether the Feng Shui of a house is prosperous. Before selecting a site, we must have a clear goal in mind, which is to find a house that is the most prosperous on a mountain. What kind of house is located on a mountain? Is it prosperous? This question has confused many Feng Shui masters. If you decide according to the traditional direction of the prosperous mountain, it would be absolutely wrong. To truly and completely grasp the prosperous mountain of each Yuan Yun, I don’t think the entire Feng Shui world has There are not many people, but then again, if it is a master, mountains and mountains can be oriented and everything can be done well, but there are very few real masters! And there are so many famous teachers! But a master is different from a famous teacher. Famous masters may not necessarily be able to create good Feng Shui, because today's famous masters are all paid to do it. Only those who are truly talented and practical can be regarded as masters. After the chosen sitting direction is determined, the next step is to check the house. How to lay out.
The layout of the house: 80% of whether the family life is smooth, whether the family members are healthy, whether men, women, old and children are safe, depends on whether the layout of the house conforms to the Guhuangji Feng Shui theory of the school, (of which 10% About 10% of the influence comes from external factors (about 10% comes from personal cultivation). Most of the Feng Shui layouts of modern houses are laid out using the flying star theory. Everyone knows the importance of doors, rooms, and stoves, but according to these However, the layout of Feng Shui theory will most likely lead to financial losses and disasters. I think many people should have such an experience. Only by using the method of our ancient emperor's theory for reasonable layout can we achieve the expected and ideal results
Placement of goldfish tanks: Some families place goldfish tanks to attract wealth, and some families place goldfish tanks to increase wealth. Aesthetics, whether it is to attract wealth or increase beauty, the goldfish tank must be placed in the zero direction, otherwise you will lose money.
Design of rockeries and fountains: Nowadays, in order to decorate their homes more luxuriously, many wealthy people build rockeries and fountains in certain locations in their private courtyards. Unexpectedly, after the rockeries and fountains were built, the house became beautiful, but the number of financial losses or disasters also increased invisibly. There are many such examples. From the perspective of being proficient in Feng Shui, rockeries and fountains cannot be put away. In the same direction, because the direction where you should see the mountain cannot see the water, and the direction where you should see the water cannot see the mountain, if the two are in the same direction, there must be one evil. If you need to make a rockery and a fountain, the two must be separated. They cannot be in the same direction. It is better to use the right god as a rockery and the zero god as a fountain. Only in this way can it be truly foolproof. But after all, there are not many Feng Shui sects that are truly proficient in wind and water transportation. Rich bosses should be careful! Interior Design and Feng Shui
A house is like the human body, and the functions of each part of the room are like the various organs of the human body, all having metabolic effects. Qi must circulate in a balanced and universal manner indoors, and the Qi from the doorway to the bedroom, kitchen, study, and living room must flow in and out smoothly. In particular, the door and windows are the mouth and nose of the house, separating the indoor and outdoor air. The Qi of the door is guided to various spaces through indoor doors, windows, passages, walls, screens, corners, furniture and other items. Then, the people living in the Shixian can be nourished by healthy and balanced energy. This kind of energy should not be too strong or too weak, but should be moderate. The medium one is auspicious.
Bedroom
Half of a person’s life is spent in the bedroom, so the bedroom is the main point and center of the family. The leading idea of the design is the spring of love. Therefore, the main tone should be comfortable, quiet, peaceful, and conducive to rest. In particular, the bed should be placed in the auspicious direction, which is the four auspicious directions of anger, longevity, heavenly medicine and Fu position. For people with the four magnetic fields of the west, west, northwest, southwest, and complementary northeast; for people with the four magnetic fields of the east, southeast, south, and complementary north, it is a good place to set up your bed.
Study
The study is a place for reading and a place of family wisdom. It should pay attention to lighting, good ventilation, the main tone should be tranquil, and the desk should be positioned in a Wenchang position. The prosperous position of humanities in the zodiac sign is in the Sifang You and Geng positions; the prosperous position of humanities in the Kun position is in the northeast and Gen and Chou positions: the prosperous position of humanities in the Gen position is in the southwestern position of Kun; the prosperous position of humanities in the exchange position is in the northwest stem Xu position; (the above are from Xisi magnetic field people).
Living room
The living room is a place where family members rest and communicate with the outside world. It determines family and social relationships, as well as career expansion. The leading ideas of its design are harmony and happiness. Therefore, the entire pattern should be elegant, stable, and dynamic. In all houses, the living room should be located in a forward-facing position and connected to the entrance.
Kitchen
The kitchen symbolizes wealth and food, and the dominant idea of the design is abundance. Therefore, the kitchen should be bright and lively. The space should be as wide and comfortable as possible, with good ventilation and neatness. The burning position of the stove must be placed on the auspicious side. (Including faucet location).
God's position
It is advisable to choose an auspicious place for religious beliefs, spiritual sustenance, and the position where humans worship the sacred. Design principles: It should be solemn, serious and spiritual. Note that Buddha and God cannot be placed together, especially not face to face.
If you believe it, there is nothing. If you don’t believe it, there is nothing.
The ancient civilization that has been passed down to this day must have its merits! Feng Shui is also a psychology and environmental science. As long as the environment is properly improved to cater to the principles of Feng Shui, it is not a superstitious matter. Modern Feng Shui pays the most attention to Qi, because Qi is not only closely related to a person's good or bad luck, intelligence, career success or failure, and financial luck, but also to everyone's family happiness and physical health. In home feng shui, the most talked about is the direction. When it comes to this topic, many people will think of words such as green dragon and white tiger. In fact, this involves a geographical issue and there is nothing too profound.
1) The orientation of the azimuth is related to the earth's magnetic field. We know that the earth is not completely round, but has a slightly rounded shape, and the magnetic field has an impact on the blood flow of the human body. This will have an impact on human health.
2) The direction of the azimuth is also related to the angle of light between the sun and the earth. Under certain conditions, it will also affect indoor lighting and have an impact on people's psychology.
In fact, some very common Feng Shui teachings are correct to a certain extent. It is not difficult for people with high school education to analyze the reasons from a scientific perspective. Let’s try to analyze it using very simple scientific knowledge:
1) The headboard of the bed should not be placed in the wrong direction. This is obvious, because the earth is rotating eastward, which will affect the blood flow to the brain and thus affect sleep health.
2) It is not suitable to press the beam on top. This is a psychological question. There is a saying in Chinese painting that the sky is thin and the earth is thick. There is a beam above the head, which obviously creates a sense of oppression in people.
3) Don’t get too close to the window. In fact, there are two problems when approaching windows. One is that the sound insulation performance of windows is lower than that of brick walls. When sleeping at night, the noise heard by people will be louder than if they are farther away from the window. Another window is a source of light, which can affect a person's sleep.
4) It is not advisable to face the mirror directly. This is actually an obvious psychological problem. Looking in the mirror in the bedroom at night will always give you an eerie feeling, which is even more obvious when the bedroom uses table lamps instead of fluorescent lamps.
5) It is not advisable to face the door. What problems will occur if a person sleeps facing the door? This involves an issue of psychological safety. Just as we sit on a stool with our back to the door, and we sit with our side facing the door, the feeling is different.
We can test it in a very simple way, sleep in the same place where you sleep soundly. On the second night, you can have the fan of the computer case at home blowing directly at you, and then sleep with the fluorescent lights on, and you will feel what Feng Shui is. It really doesn't happen. You can just find a room with mosquitoes and don't hang a mosquito net, light mosquito coils, or spray mosquitoes to avoid water. I guarantee you will look pale after tossing it for a few days.
In summary: Residential Feng Shui is composed of geophysics, hydrogeology, environmental landscape, ecological architecture, climate meteorology, cosmic astral science, magnetic orientation and human life information A comprehensive subject of eight major disciplines. Excerpted from lt;Huiyuan Feng Shui gt;. Therefore, whether it is building a private residence, developing a real estate project, or carrying out urban planning and construction, if we can pay attention to the scientific research and application of Feng Shui, we will achieve very ideal results during the construction process, and it will also make people These buildings create a sense of comfort and intimacy. People who live in such an environment will definitely be physically and mentally healthy and live a happy life
The pattern of home decoration Feng Shui
1. Bedroom Connected to the kitchen and with two doors facing each other
The bedroom is close to the kitchen fire, which will bring hot air and make the adjacent bedrooms less comfortable. Moreover, when a kitchen fire accidentally occurs, it is easy for people to not respond in time. . The kitchen is directly opposite the bedroom door, which will bring humid air and cause health problems for the residents!
2. There is a "through-core beam" in the center of the house
A through-core beam refers to a beam and column passing through the center of the house. Houses with this phenomenon are prone to accidents for the occupants, such as car accidents. Care should be taken to avoid opening doors, fighting with others, etc. It is also visually unsightly. You can ask a designer to add a ceiling or other methods to improve it.
3. The toilet is built on the cross line of the house
The cross line of the house is to draw a cross line from the center point of the house.
The toilet represents the gastrointestinal circulatory system of the human body. If it is placed in the wrong position, it will often cause discomfort to the gastrointestinal tract of the occupants, and even affect the masculinity of the male owner. If you really can't change the location of the toilet, you might as well keep the bathtub full of water at all times to improve the situation!
4. There are "open lattice" in the house
Open lattice means that the house itself is incomplete, such as opening a skylight on the roof, opening the side wall of the house to connect the garage at will, or the roof beam. The columns do not look at each other from other patterns. When we are doing interior decoration, we must be careful not to knock on the walls at will or change the interior pattern arbitrarily. This will not only have a negative impact on Feng Shui, but may also cause damage to the structure of the house and cause danger.
5. The house has a "biological grid"
The "biological grid" means that there is a protruding structure on the appearance of the house. This protruding appendage is not commensurate with the house, just like the back of a person's body. Accumulating like a baggage, such as building a small house behind the original house and connecting them to each other, or adding a building on the top floor, is this type of pattern. According to Feng Shui, the house that a person lives in corresponds to the person's body. If inappropriate appendages are added to the original complete house, it will be like a tumor growing in the person's body, which will cause disease; however, If the overall planning is done so that the appearance of the addition harmoniously matches the theme of the house, it will not be restricted by this pattern.
6. The shape of the bedroom should be square and not round
Fang is suitable for quietness, while roundness is not suitable for the sleeping atmosphere of the bedroom. Therefore, the bedroom should not be made round, or even doors, windows, and decorations , mirrors should also try to avoid round shapes.
7. The number of bedrooms is too large
Feng Shui teacher advice: The bedroom should not be too large, otherwise the good luck will be lost and evil spirits will take advantage of it. From the current architectural point of view, a bedroom that is too large will create a feeling of spaciousness and helplessness, making it difficult to sleep peacefully. In winter, it will appear more deserted and inconvenient for heating, which will affect the quality of sleep.
8. There is not enough light source in the living room
Feng shui in the living room means that it should be comfortable and bright. Ancient Feng Shui books once said: "Bright hall and dark room", that is, the living room must be bright and well-lit. Insufficient air circulation can easily lead to respiratory infections, fevers and other diseases. At the same time, living in a dark house for a long time is more likely to cause psychological or mental illness. If there is insufficient lighting in the living room, you have to turn on the lights to make up for the lack of lighting.
9. Open the door in the direction of the tiger
The door is where Qi is received. If the door is opened in the wrong direction, bad Qi may be received and diseases may easily occur. . Standing in the house facing the door, the left side is the dragon side, and the right side is the tiger side. The difference between the dragon side and the tiger side is that the dragon side is an auspicious direction and has a good aura, while the tiger side is just the opposite, with an unconventional and detailed look. Therefore, the door should be opened beside the dragon, so that the airflow that allows people to move around frequently brings a good aura.
10. The entrance to the door is not the living room
It is best to approach the living room from the door. If you see a dining room or toilet as soon as you enter the door, and then the living room, people living there are likely to suffer from intestinal and gastric diseases. After the Qi enters through the door, it should be in the living room. If it has to bypass the room, the living room will not be able to form a pattern of hiding wind and gathering Qi, which will have a considerable impact on the health and career of the residents.
11. The entrance should keep a light on.
The entrance should not be accumulated with debris. It should be kept clear and bright at all times. A lamp should also be lit at night to illuminate the entrance. According to Feng Shui theory, if too many items are placed in the entrance hall, it will easily cause airflow to accumulate, and the energy will not flow, and things will always feel unsmooth. In terms of home safety, placing too many items at the entrance and exit will hinder escape when emergency escape is needed, so do not be careful.