Typhoons also ravaged France, so how did the French create a storm warning system?

After the institute was established in 1854, many weather maps were quickly drawn.

More forward-looking is Auburn Le Verrier, the new director of the Paris Observatory in France. Le Verrier became famous after discovering Neptune in 1846; Napoleon III appointed him to succeed Arago. Arago died a month after the Brussels conference.

Le Verrier, who was autocratic, ill-tempered and ambitious, saw this as a good opportunity to give the Paris Observatory a new look and restore France, a country that "exhibits an outstanding scientific spirit" to its glory.

Meteorology is one of Le Verrier’s key areas of focus. He realized that Britain and the United States were already ahead of France, and that Joseph Henry was still innovating at the Smithsonian Institution. In 1854, Leverrier launched his "Grand Initiative."

He formulated a framework: the observatory will be equipped with better instruments and publish weather records every day; at the same time, he will also establish a telegraph network to report provincial data to the observatory every day. "By joining the connection of telegraph lines,"

he said, "it will become possible for different weather stations carrying out meteorological observations to grasp the direction and wind speed of an expanding storm in real time; thus strong winds along the coast, especially It is to issue warnings several hours in advance before those hurricanes with great harm make landfall."

This at least hints at a new policy in France. Less than 10 years ago, Arago wrote ruthlessly: "Those upright and learned people who cherish feathers will never dare to predict the weather, no matter how far science has developed."

And Le Verrier, who had been in charge of the Paris Observatory for only a few months, was vigorously promoting this cause. France's storm warning system is the first of its kind in the world, adding another layer of glory to Le Verrier's great achievements.

The technology involved in Le Verrier's proposal went far beyond what Arago had envisioned in 1846. When Le Verrier took office, Europe already had telegraph lines as dense as a spider's web. Among them, the United Kingdom is the most developed, with more than 90% of the population having a transmitting station within 10 miles.