Product content: (the story of ancient food and clothing)
Pursuing fashion, high-end fashion, wearing a hat and eating zucchini cakes, Yan Zhenqing's grandson separated Nanchang from the thatched cottage.
20 12-07-22 0 1:55 Source: Jiangnan Metropolis Daily.
If you are an ancient person, you will be lucky to live in the Tang Dynasty.
Chang 'an at that time was a world-class bustling metropolis. "People sing and drink at a young age and spend time dancing in the prosperous Tang Dynasty", and the works of cultural elites consciously reveal the rich scene of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Numerous poems write about the ups and downs of Datang's life, which is full of fun.
At that time, although Jiangxi deviated from the political core area, it was also a relatively stable and rich area. Jiangxi people attach importance to education, love reading, seek a subject and believe in Buddhism and Taoism. People's life is as colorful as a kaleidoscope. The band of the Tang Dynasty sang in the song, "Ju Gu Jian wine is soaked in a noisy pavilion by coffee, and strangers worship Gu Yue on the altar. The prosperity of kaiyuan is fascinating ... "
Dream back to Jiangxi in the Tang Dynasty, brush away the dust that has been dusty for thousands of years, dig out those difficult words from that pile of old paper, rearrange them carefully, and try to combine them into vivid pictures.
Jiangxi people who pursue high-end fashion
This year, the great poet Bai Juyi was 44 years old and had already left Beijing. He was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang) Sima because he took the lead in writing a letter demanding the urgent arrest of the murderer. In his second year here, he wrote Pipa Travel, which has been handed down through the ages. Jiangzhou is different from Beijing after all. The nobles, bureaucrats and landlords here also wear silk, but the number is limited. This is because of the limitation of cloth production in this area. Fortunately, Jiangzhou people will follow suit and buy better cloth from other places.
At this time, another famous poet Yuan Zhen stood by the door, looking north at Chang 'an. I can't believe that Yue Longmen and I are bosom friends. After leaving, in addition to letters, he also sent precious materials to friends in Jiangxi. Therefore, Bai Juyi wrote a poem to thank his old friend. This poem, entitled "Yuan Jiu made white cloth with blue silk", describes clothes in this way: "Blue silk is light and plain, so cherish the self-styled Beijing. My poor friend sent me an attachment and my sick wife made me a tailor. As thin as autumn, as green as spring grass. I want it, I don't know, and I can't describe it. " There is gratitude between the lines, and friends are thousands of miles apart. It's better to miss each other than to meet.
What clothes did Jiangxi people wear at that time? Usually dresses, skirts and beds. Skirts are also skirts, and there is little difference between men's and women's clothing in ancient times. Kudos are pants, but they are very different from today's pants. Kudos has no crotch, only two trousers, which is similar to modern trousers. At that time, men's wear was relatively simple, wearing hats, gauze hats, t-shirts, ankle boots or shoes, and there were no clear restrictions on styles. Women wear more open and free clothes, with hairpin ornaments on their heads and tight skirts below. These skirts are in various colors, mainly red. Bai Juyi's Jiang Lou Yan Bie says: "Don't sing in the building to urge you to go, the red skirt is green under the light."
Jiangxi people, like other parts of the country, wear hats. "Taiping Guangji" once recorded that Xunyang county officials "stripped off their hats". Wearing headscarves is also extremely common. Taiping Guangji told a story. There was a severe drought in Wuzi this year, and the bare land was thousands of miles away. Longchang people in Luling hoarded thousands of grains of rice and sold them at high prices. Later, when the price of rice dropped a little, Longchang wrote a prayer to pray that it wouldn't rain the next month and went to Shengang Temple to pray in person. On the way home, Longchang people sat in the pavilion to rest. Suddenly, a dark cloud came from behind Shengang Temple, and then Longchang people were killed outside the pavilion. The government examined the bodies of Longchang people, removed the headscarf and found prayers in the bun.
Not content with eating rice
As the main producing area of rice, Jiangxi people naturally took rice as their staple food in Tang Dynasty. However, just like people eat western food today, people in the Tang Dynasty will try other flavors, and the "Hu Feng diet" is popular in Jiangxi.
Tai Ping Guang Ji tells a strange story. During the Baoying period, a slave named Liu in longxing temple, Raozhou (now Shangrao) came back from the dead. "Everything is fine." His beard is alive, selling cakes for a living and selling cakes underground. In addition, the Record of Fingering the Moon says: "Master Shenma (Huaihai) is a waiter, and every time he brings vegetarian dishes, the master uncovers the plate cover, and Master Ma picks up a piece of Hu cake to show the public: What is it? Occasionally, three years later. "It can be seen that Shanghai cuisine is mainly popular in Jiangxi. What is Hu Bing? This is a kind of cake from the western regions in the Han and Tang Dynasties, like today's sesame seed cake, which includes vegetarian cake, oil cake, meat pie and sesame seed cake. In addition, influenced by Hu people, Jiangxi people also eat sesame rice.
In the third year of Emperor Wu Zetian's holy calendar (700 years), the imperial court explicitly banned the slaughter of fish, crabs and shrimps. Cui Rong, the Sherman of Fengge, remonstrated, saying, "All the states in the south of the Yangtze River take fish as their life ... If it is banned, it will do more harm than good. The rich have not changed, and the poor are embarrassed. " It shows that aquatic products of fish, crab and shrimp are very important to Jiangxi people's diet. South China is rich in fish, Wuchang fish, perch and crucian carp were famous economic fish at that time.
Bai Juyi once left a proof that in the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), the great poet found the boatman cooking fish food on the boat demoted to Jiangzhou. "There is a cooking stove at the bow, cooking rice and red carp." Later, in Jiangzhou, he wrote: "Idle shrimps and crabs in the morning ... Ding was tired of worrying about cooking soft-shelled turtles, but he was tired of licking sea bass even though the dishes were full of fishy smell." At the same time, Jiangxi people at that time had a rich ability to distinguish harmful aquatic products, such as "C-striped fish is like a tiger" and "poorly cooked, the eater dies".
Speaking of eating game, in addition to aquatic products such as fish and shrimp, pigs, dogs, cattle and sheep, chickens, ducks and geese and even some wild animals are also eaten by Jiangxi people. For example, it is recorded that "there are oxtail raccoons in Hongzhou, and the meat is beautiful". Oxtail raccoon, also known as civet, is a treasure among game. "Taiping Guangji" records: Zhong Chuan, Zhang Yuren, "don't care about agriculture, always shooting and hunting. Bears, deer and beasts, whenever they meet, they get nothing. "
Yan Zhenqing's grandson advocates brick houses.
In the year of Emperor Gaozong's Qingyuan (656), "On the fifth day of September, a fire broke out in Zhou En and Jizhou, burning down more than 200 granaries, Zhan Jia and houses. In November, Raozhou fire "; Long live Wu Zetian. In March of the first year of Dengfeng (696), another fire broke out in Fuzhou. In the fifth year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (7 17), the fire spread to the county government in Tanhong Prefecture. When the county people first saw the fire spirit flying, they immediately became furious. To make matters worse, in July (786) in the second year of Zhenyuan, Dezong, "Hongzhou fire burned 7,000 families".
The ancients were very awed by fire, and it was strange why there were frequent fires in Jiangxi in the Tang Dynasty.
This actually has a potential relationship with their house. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, houses in Jiangxi were mainly made of straw and wood. Cutting bamboo to build houses is a characteristic of rural areas in Jiangxi. When Yuan Zhen was demoted to Jingzhou, he wrote a poem "Maoshe", which was vulgar, but it was a description of the folk houses in Jiangxi (Jingchu). The building materials of huts are mostly bamboo or thatch, which is very simple, built along the waterfront and low and narrow. In the dry season, it is easy to cause fires and spread rapidly. In order to prevent fire, people patrol nearby day and night.
The structure of residential houses generally has a hall, a room, a yard and a place to raise poultry. It is a custom for hermits to build thatched cottages in the Tang Dynasty. Lushan Mountain is the most popular in Jiangxi, as can be seen from some poems. Ma Dai's "On Lushan Temple" said: "White grass weaves the scriptures for the house, and it is stacked several times." Bai Juyi's Xiacaotang of Lushan incense burner peak is very famous. He wrote several "Cao Cao" poems for this purpose: "Five new thatched cottages with stone steps and bamboo walls".
It was not until a man named Dan Wei came that the fire in Nanchang's thatched cottage was changed. Actually, he is very famous, but his grandfather is even more famous, that is, Yan Zhenqing, a legendary figure in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that Dan Wei's parents died when he was very young, and he has been studying with his grandfather Yan Zhenqing. This Dan Wei was appointed as Anyuan County Magistrate, but he made his younger brother an official and went to Zigeshan to study.
Later, Dan Wei was appointed as an observer of Jiangnan West Road. He saw that most people in Nanchang used thatched bamboo rafters to build houses, which were dry and rotten for a long time and often burned to ashes. He is very worried. He recruited craftsmen and taught the people to burn bricks to build houses. A number of brick houses were built at official expense and sold to the people at a fair price or at a reduced price. How much is the room price? Dan Wei sets the price according to the production cost, and does not pursue profit. Those who have the ability to build tile houses can receive wood and bricks from the government, and they can be exempted from half of the tax, and gradually pay back the debts later. Those who escaped did not come back, and the government built houses for them; Give money to those who are too poor to build a house.
For a time, Nanchang added 1400 houses and more than 4,200 towers, making it a metropolis in the south of the Yangtze River.
In addition, the Tang Dynasty was rich and expensive, and the wind of building villas prevailed. Its layout is mainly based on the architectural structure of small space, with exquisite layout, tranquility and elegance. Villa construction also exists in some areas of Jiangxi. "Taiping Guangji" records a cloud: "Yichun county citizen Zhang Yiju villa has pavilions and bamboos."
When you leave home, there must be a farewell party.
Due to the influence of geographical environment, few people kept horses and donkeys in southern China in ancient times. Strangely, it is quite common for Jiangxi people to control donkeys on horseback. There are many stories in Tai Ping Guang Ji. For example, Volume 374 of "Hu's Son" said that the Hu family immediately "bought servants and horses" after they got a windfall; 168 Volume also says that a scholar named Xiong Zhiyi rode to Chang 'an District to catch the exam. These horses and donkeys used for traveling are not necessarily their own families. At that time, the industry of renting horses and donkeys was extremely prosperous.
As rivers and lakes crisscross, boats and boats are important tools for travel. Boats are provided by qualified people in Jiangxi, but it is common for people to borrow from each other. During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, Cui, the county commandant, went to Jizhou to take up his post. "He went by boat, and the servant said," Now there is a man named Sun in Jizhou who wants to go back by boat, and the commission price is extremely low. "
Although the road traffic and travel conditions in the Tang Dynasty have made great progress compared with those in the previous dynasties, it is still very difficult to travel far, and "not traveling far" is still the basic choice for people's lives. If you have to travel far, it is a folk custom to hold family gatherings and farewell banquets. The elders will warn you about the things you should pay attention to during your journey, and you should also choose a good day to sacrifice to your ancestors and wish them a safe journey. Folk customs think that May is a bad month, so people don't travel. In addition, if you want to travel across Guanjin, you must carry your business card with you to prove your identity, status and reasons for traveling, otherwise you may be arrested by the government as a fugitive or exile. Of course, these tourist customs are also popular in Jiangxi.
(Note: The historical materials involved in this article come from Chen Jinfeng's General History Volume of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties in Jiangxi).