What is the close relationship between wind and people's lives?
Wind energy promotes the exchange of dry and cold air and warm and humid air. Wind is a kind of natural energy. A long time ago, humans learned to make windmills, and now people still use windmills to pump water and process food.
Sailing boats are also driven by the wind. Wind plays many roles in daily life, but it also often brings disasters to human beings. Storms, typhoons and hurricanes will flood farmland, collapse houses and cut off water and electricity supply. Tornadoes will make cars, people, houses and so on disappear without a trace.
Wind has done a lot of work in nature. Wind energy can mix and balance a wide range of heat and water vapor, and adjust the temperature and humidity of the air; Clouds and rain can be sent far away, so that the water cycle on the earth can be completed.
The northeast trade wind in the Atlantic Ocean near the equator caused strong seawater flow. The wind blows a lot of seawater to the coast of North America. After the seawater flows to the Gulf of Mexico, it begins to flow in an arc along the coast of North America, then passes through the narrow strait between Florida and Cuba, and then flows to the vast ocean surface. After merging with the current of Antilles, it forms the most powerful seawater current in the world-"Gulfstream". Warm currents bring warmth from the south of Europe to the northwest. The east coast of Canada at the same latitude is as cold as-20℃ in winter; But the temperature here is above 0℃, and the coastal waters are not frozen all year round. Cold-tolerant tundra grows in Canada, while dense coniferous forests grow in northwest Europe. It is estimated that this warm current brings heat to every meter-long coast here every year, which is equivalent to the heat generated by burning 60 thousand tons of coal. What a huge natural "heating device"!
The mild climate in northwest Europe is mainly caused by the Gulf Stream. The warm climate in western Europe also depends to a great extent on the southwest wind blowing from the ocean from time to time, bringing warm and humid air. In the North Pacific Ocean, the northeast trade wind blows the seawater to the west (North Equatorial Current), and it turns to the north and south due to the blocking of the land on the west coast. The North Branch enters the East China Sea from the east of Taiwan Province Province, then flows to the northeast, and then flows out of the East China Sea from the south of Kyushu. This current is warmer than the surrounding seawater, and its color is blue-black, which is called Kuroshio Warm Current. A small branch of the Kuroshio warm current flows northwest along the Yellow Sea and points to the Bohai Strait. We call it the Yellow Sea Warm Current. It can cross the Bohai Strait and reach the coast of Qinhuangdao, sending out a lot of heat, which is an important reason why the sea water does not freeze here in winter. The other branch of the Kuroshio warm current reaches the offshore of Japan, which is enough to warm the sea there. In winter, the water temperature is about 10℃ higher than that on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean at the same latitude.
The Indian Ocean monsoon dominates all agricultural production in the Indian Peninsula. In winter (from mid-February to the end of May, 65438+), there is a dry northeast wind-winter monsoon, and the weather is dry and sunny. From June, the summer monsoon began, and the wind blew from the ocean, which was a humid southwest wind. It rained heavily all over India, and the agricultural harvest of the whole country was related to this rain. If the "monsoon rain" of a year starts later or ends earlier than normal, famine and hunger will be inevitable.
Most parts of our country are affected by monsoon. In summer, the warm and humid air flow from the ocean brings abundant rainfall, coupled with high temperature and sufficient sunshine, so that crops, animals and plants can grow well. The summer monsoon also goes deep into the mainland. In this way, it will not become a vast desert, and most areas are still good places for agricultural production. However, due to the different intensity of summer monsoon every year, there are always floods and droughts in some places.
The local wind also has a considerable influence on the climate. Therefore, in the mountainous areas of many countries, the frequent "wind burning" will suddenly raise the air temperature and melt a lot of snow in a short time.
Wind spreads water vapor to all parts of the earth. Strong airflow carries water vapor to dry areas. The huge role of wind in transporting water vapor on the ground can be seen from the fact that the rainfall falling on the ground every second will not be less than150,000 tons!
Plants can't live without the help of wind.
The gentle breeze helps plants to spread pollen, so that some cross-pollinated plants can get the necessary pollen, so that plants can "get married", form seeds, bear fruits and leave the next generation for plants. Sorghum, such as pine, poplar and purple, is produced by the wind as a "matchmaker".
The wind can also blow the seeds of some plants far away, so that they can grow and develop in a new environment and continue to prosper their "new families". Wind has done its duty to help plants reproduce, and it is necessary to improve the growth and development environment of plants. It creates comfortable conditions for the growth of plants, drives the cold air gathered near the ground away from dense plants, dispels the warm and humid air, prevents plants from "catching cold" and freezing, and does not make plants feel stuffy and uncomfortable.
With the breeze blowing, the air inside the plant population is constantly updated to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air around the plants and keep photosynthesis at a high level.
At the same time, the wind frequently shakes the branches and leaves, so that every branch and leaf has a full opportunity to enjoy the sunshine, make more sugar to nourish the body, enhance the physique, and make the plants grow more green and lovely.
Breeze can also help some plants emit attractive fragrance, attracting insects and animals to pollinate and spread seeds for them.
In turn, the wind drives the windmill to rotate, thus speeding up the sailboat.
Without wind, people can't live. If there is no wind, plants that spread pollen by wind cannot spread and reproduce; The polluted atmosphere cannot be diluted; Sailing boats will not be able to sail on water; The air on which human beings live will be like "a pool of stagnant water" and filthy; Many creatures will find it difficult to survive.
However, once the wind loses its temper, it is also harmful.
When the wind roars, mature crops will thresh, drop fruit, lodging and cut roots. Strong winds can blow away fertile topsoil and expose the roots of crops; It will also blow sand from other places and drown fertile fields. Not only that, it can blow people down, blow houses down and take everything away! We can also cite many examples of the destructive power of this strong wind here.
For example, 1860, there was a storm in France, and the wind was very strong, and two trains also fell off the track. In 1703, hurricanes uprooted about 250,000 trees in Britain and France, damaged 1000 houses and churches, landed 400 ships and injured thousands of people.
1969 65438+ 10, a sinister "black storm" blew up in Krasnodar and Rostov, east of the Black Sea of the Soviet Union. When it came, it was dark and flying sand and stones. This black storm has been going on for several days. More than 800,000 hectares of wheat seedlings were blown into the sky, and the brown-black soil was rolled up by strong winds, forming black fog waves hundreds of kilometers long.
According to Japanese authorities' estimation, during the twenty years of 1945- 1965, there were 48 major disasters caused by earthquakes, fires, droughts, floods and winds, of which more than 20 were related to the wind. In the United States, an average of 250 people die and 2,500 people are injured every year due to windstorms, and the value of property losses is about 500 million dollars.
In some high mountains and desert areas, when a strong wind hits the rock strata in the mountains, it blows and blows, and even the hardest rock strata will gradually be blown and eroded.
The wind is wrapped in sand, so the destructive power is particularly fierce. These flying sand and stones collide with the wind, rubbing and destroying rocks along the way. It will make the rocks bare, or dig holes or pits one by one like a honeycomb. In rocks, there are often holes that cross each other. On the mountains near the desert, people can often see many strange rocks: some are like giants, some are like bamboo shoots, and some are like mushrooms. These are also the tricks that the wind plays on the rocks.
There is a strange "ancient city" in Fiona Fang, which is located dozens of kilometers in the Wuerhe area in the northeast of Karamay, Xinjiang. I see towers and streets here, but it's deserted. In fact, it is not the ruins of an ancient castle, it is a wind erosion landform shaped by nature and a masterpiece of the wind. Therefore, people call it "windy city". It was a huge freshwater lake in the early Cretaceous about 100 million years ago. At that time, the climate was humid and the plants were flourishing. Pterosaurs soar in the blue sky, and Karamay Dragon and Wuerhe Stegosaurus live by the lake, which is a vibrant scene. With the long-term slow subsidence of the earth's crust, a set of sandy clay layers with different particle sizes and densities were deposited in lakes and swamps, which were composed of sandstone, slate and sandstone shale. Later, the crust rose and the lake dried up, becoming an endless Gobi platform, which was the predecessor of the "windy city". The position of the platform is opposite to Laohekou, one of the three air inlets into Junggar Basin. It is often eroded by directional winds of magnitude five or six or above, plus heavy rains unique to continental climate; Numerous gullies were formed, which accelerated the destruction process of the platform. Because of the different properties of the rocks that make up the platform, the ability to resist weathering and wind erosion is also different, resulting in differential erosion, which makes the platform fragmented, uneven, needle-shaped, cone-shaped, tower-shaped, mushroom-shaped and so on. And it has a strange appearance.
Under the long-term action of the wind, all the smaller whole mountain bees or mountains can also be eroded by it. Where there used to be too high mountains, now there are only bare hills; Moreover, these bare hills will be destroyed step by step in the future.
Rocks produced a lot of dust in the process of being destroyed by the wind. Some sand grains are washed into rivers and beaches by water, while others are deposited in the desert and become floating and easy-to-fly sand layers-sand dunes. Dust will rise to an altitude of 3000-5000 meters by wind, and then be blown thousands of kilometers away. In this way, dust remains in the air all over the world, causing a hazy state in the sky. The sand layer in the desert often poses a threat to culture and human progress. There are many precedents in history. Under the action of the wind, quicksand buried towns and even a large area of fertile land.