Huang Shu’s biography
On November 1st (November 27th), the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1277), although it was early winter, the weather in Choucheng, Yiwu, Wuzhou was fine and the sun was shining brightly. Extra warm. The clear water of Xiuhu Lake sparkles under the sunlight; the gentle breeze passes over the lake surface, causing ripples in layers. On this beautiful day when winter was as warm as spring, a baby boy was born in the courtyard beside Xiuhu Lake, and the whole family was overjoyed. He was Huang Shu, one of the "Four Outstanding Scholars" of the Yuan Dynasty, a famous historian, and a dazzling literary star of the generation who later went down in history.
Huang Zhu’s father, Huang Zhu, and his mother, Tong. The ancestor Huang Zhongfu inherited the spirit of his uncle Zongze. He was upright, upright and upright. He was a well-known patriot in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the "Biography of Mr. Gui Yin" in the Supplementary Volume 11 of "Wenwen Gongquanji", in the middle of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Qin Hui usurped the power of the country. After the peace agreement was reached, he ordered the literati to recite poems and compose poems every day to praise the so-called "Taiping". The beauty of "ZTE". If someone said that "treacherous ministers are in power", they would be immediately arrested and killed. Many of the scholar-bureaucrats shrank their heads in fear. However, Huang Zhongfu was upright and honest, worked hard without caring about his own life, and angrily composed Yuefu poems and inscribed Taipinglou. The poem says: "Quickly sharpen your three-foot sword to kill the sycophant." This brave move of his almost suffered an unexpected disaster, but it was also passed down as a good story. After Qin Hui's death, some years later, the imperial court appointed Huang Zhongfu as an official, but he died before receiving the order.
Huang Shu is intelligent, talented, handsome and popular. He has followed the rules since he was a child, is studious, and diligent in his pursuits. He will never go out to play without anything on weekdays. The "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu" taught by Mr. Wang have a photographic memory and can be recited by heart. He learned to write and made rapid progress. He could write articles of several hundred words in one go. Over time, Huang Shu's articles became famous locally and continued to spread.
One day, the article "In Diao Zhuge and Marquis Wu" written by 13-year-old Huang Shu was read by the knowledgeable Mr. Shannan. After he read it carefully, he was even more impressed and said: "In Yiwu, the only two brothers who are famous for their literary diction today are Yu Liangneng and Yu Liangbi (from Yu Zhai, Guantang Township). With a little training, this child can be with us." Are the two metaphors comparable? "This Mr. Shannan, formerly known as Liu Yinggui, was born in Qingyan, Yiwu. He was the headmaster of Yuequan Academy and Xuezheng in Hangzhou. He lived in seclusion in Shimen Mountain in the late Song Dynasty. Therefore, Mr. Shannan accepted Huang Shu as his student, preached and taught him, and made him grow a lot.
When he was 20 years old, Huang Huang traveled to Hangzhou to study and was taught by the great master and some well-educated scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty. At this time, Huang Ming, who was in his prime, seemed to be swimming in the ocean of knowledge, broadening his horizons, increasing his knowledge, and "learning more about modern literature."
After returning to Yiwu from Hangzhou, Huang's poetry flourished, and he made friends with Fang Feng, a poet who lived in seclusion in Xianhua Mountain in Pujiang, reciting poems, composing poems, and singing harmony with each other. In the same hobbies and interests, they learned from each other and inspired each other, which not only enhanced their knowledge but also enhanced their friendship. Of course, they also wrote many beautiful poems.
More than 50 years later, Huang Shu still wrote many poems in memory of the deceased Mr. Fang. One of the poems says:
The immortal flowers are thousands of years old, and they are so majestic that they approach Ziqing.
The Temple of Heaven is filled with Yao grass and the stone caves are dark and windy.
The sticks and shoes are coming, and the love is attached to the hills and valleys.
Fortunately, I have Kui's feet, and the song of song will continue to sound.
At that time, Huang Ming, who was "known everywhere by his literary reputation", was indifferent to fame and fortune and had "no intention of becoming an official". However, many friends who knew him tried their best to recommend him and hoped that he would become an official and contribute to the country. In the fifth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty (1301), 25-year-old Huang Shu was promoted to an instructor. Two years later, he was promoted to a constitutional official. But soon, Huang Huang still retired to his home and indulged in writing poems and compositions. In the first year of Yanyou of the Yuan Dynasty (1314), the imperial court restored the tribute method in order to select and recruit talents. For Huang Ming, who had long been famous, county officials urged him to take the exam. At that time, during the provincial examination of "Tai Chi Fu", Huang Huang wrote it in the Chu voice. The poems broke away from clichés and were extraordinary. They became the best works in the examination room and were recited by people. The next year (1315), Huang Shu, who was full of knowledge and talent, was selected in the imperial examination. However, due to the reason that Huang Huang's "poems were recent and exciting", the examiner was only ranked at the bottom of the top three when the list was published, so he was awarded the title of "general official" with the same background as Jinshi. On April 22 (May 25) of the same year, he was awarded the title of Prime Minister of Ninghai County, Taizhou Road.
Ninghai County, located on the coast of eastern Zhejiang, is close to the salt field and has a prosperous salt industry. However, some salt households were emboldened and believed that they were not affiliated with the county government and therefore were not subject to control and acted arbitrarily and harmed the people. However, some local officials accepted bribes from these salt households and did not uphold justice. They allowed this evil force to become even more unscrupulous and violent.
After Huang Shu took office, he inspected the social situation and public opinion. When he saw this scene, he was deeply disgusted. He did not hesitate to bring to justice all those who did evil and would not tolerate it. At this time, some of Huang Huang's subordinate officials were worried and deeply afraid of retaliation. Therefore, they cautiously told Huang Huang: "There are people behind this group of people, don't mess with them!" This persuasion was of course out of good intentions, thinking that Huang Huang When I first arrived, it was important to protect yourself. But Huang Ming did not hold back. He replied categorically: "Officials can be inappropriate, but people cannot ignore the affairs of the people." He still enforced the law like a mountain and punished local bullies severely. After several efforts, the evil flames gradually subsided and the people finally found peace.
There are many touching stories in the grim struggle to punish these pests. There was a stepmother who committed adultery with a monk and used poison to kill her husband. She then falsely accused her of being killed by her husband's ex-son, who was about to be convicted.
After hearing the cry of his former son, Huang Shu took off his official uniform, dressed up as a civilian, and conducted an in-depth secret investigation to find out the truth, and finally the truth of the case came to light. The unjust case was vindicated, good people were saved, and the murderer was punished. The people of the whole county clapped their hands and applauded, admiring and respecting Huang Shuqin.
At that time, there were still some bad guys in Ninghai County who joined the theft group and attempted robbery. The county government received the report and offered a reward for their arrest. However, in order to obtain rewards, the local tycoons made random reports without evidence and arrested a group of "suspects" accordingly. However, since there is no real evidence, it is far from possible to resolve the case, resulting in a long delay. Huang Huang conducted multiple investigations for this purpose, tried each case in detail, and decided the case fairly. He neither wronged the good people nor indulged the bad people. More than 10 people were exempted from the death penalty.
The imperial court sent officials to inspect various places. When they learned that Huang was capable, honest, and had remarkable political achievements, they promoted him to the position of Shishiyan West Field Supervisor of Salt Transport in the Two Zhejiang Capitals, and entrusted him with the task of rectifying the administration of officials. . Huang Shu worked hard without complaining, acted impartially, and punished the lawless households in the salt field. As a result, the discipline system was greatly promoted, the people were convinced, and the salt field was cleared.
In the sixth year of Yanyou (1319), Huang Huang was appointed as the magistrate of Zhuji Prefecture on Shaoxing Road, and later he was removed from the provincial administration of Hangzhou. At that time, Zhuji was "commonly known as difficult to treat", with serious disadvantages and many difficult problems. After Huang Shu took office, he was not afraid of difficulties and was not careless. He sized up the situation, prescribed the right medicine, and made key breakthroughs. Finally, the difficult to treat became easy to treat.
According to common practice, government patrol ships must be renewed every three years. The cost is paid by the government, but any shortfall must be made up by the people. As a result, some corrupt officials took the opportunity to collect money from the people, charging more and paying less to line their own pockets. In response to this bad government that extorted the people, Huang Huang changed his routine, saved expenses, eliminated corruption, and returned the excess money to the people, thereby reducing the people's burden. When the people received the refunded money, they cheered continuously, saying that Huang Huang was an upright official.
At that time, there were still some lawless people who colluded with each other to disrupt society and threaten people's wealth with counterfeit banknotes. And some local officials allowed him to cheat and ignored it. These criminals became even more emboldened, causing a flood of counterfeit banknotes, which affected neighboring counties such as Xinchang, Tiantai, Ninghai, and Dongyang, implicating hundreds of families and causing harm to the people. The situation was tragic. The governor ordered Huang Huang to investigate and deal with the matter. Through questioning, Huang Ming understood the truth and obtained sufficient evidence, which made the relevant personnel bow their heads and confess their crimes. Officials who were derelict in their duties were removed from their posts, lawbreakers were punished, innocent people who were implicated were freed, and ordinary people no longer suffered from the scourge of counterfeit money. But in the meantime, there was a "robber catcher" who secretly hid the counterfeit money in a good citizen's house, and then "reported" it to the government. He gathered nearly a hundred young men armed with sticks and rushed to the good citizen's house to search, aggressively, and tried to extort money. Make a fortune. At this time, Huang Ming happened to be returning to the city after going to the countryside, and met this group of people in the countryside. Seeing this scene, Huang Huang suddenly became suspicious, and he asked: "The quota of archers in the state capital is only 30, how can there be so many people?" The "capture and robber soldiers" were dumbfounded and speechless. Huang Huang then shouted, "Send Zizhou away!" This group of villains saw that the situation was not good and they hurriedly dispersed. This good man was finally saved from a disaster.
There was a thief who was imprisoned in Qiantang County Prison, but he was determined to be a thief. He secretly colluded with a vagrant and instigated the vagrant to bribe the jailer, so the jailer secretly released the thief. But the jailer was so stupid that he concocted a false proclamation in the same way, and sent the thief as a guide. He arrested more than 20 people in order to threaten the people and extort money. Huang Huang learned of this situation, conducted an in-depth investigation, and learned all the facts. He summoned the jailer and told him sternly: "The arrest of thieves should be treated with caution and serious discussion." He also pointed out sternly that the person holding this document today is not a citizen of this state, and the situation is even more suspicious. . In order to find out the truth, Huang Huang ordered his men to put the jailer, the newly released thieves, and more than 20 people who had just been arrested in shackles and send them to Qiantang County Prison. After a trial in the county jail, more than 20 ordinary people who were wrongfully arrested were all released, and the jailer and the thief were punished. The more than 20 innocent people burst into tears of gratitude and worshiped Huang Ming as a god.
Huang Shu served as prefecture and county magistrate for more than 20 years. He has always been self-disciplined as a "parent official", sympathized with the sufferings of the people, and served the people wholeheartedly. On weekdays, we only start with innocence and do not accept any extra money except what is given. He often sold off his property to make up for the lack of living expenses. He is so meticulous, has a breeze on his sleeves, and has outstanding political achievements and benefits the local area. No wonder he is deeply loved and praised by the people. Song Lian, Huang Shu's favorite disciple, a famous writer in the late Yuan Dynasty, and later "the first civil servant of the founding Ming Dynasty", once described the scene where people rushed to recite Huang Shu's poems: "The scholars in the country and the likes of Futu and Laozi use writing as their guide." The petitioners gather in the court every day and do not leave. Every one of them is recited by his family members, even though they live in different places. "There is an endless stream of people who come to ask for advice.
Gao Zecheng, an outstanding opera writer of the Yuan Dynasty who wrote "The Story of Pipa", was a native of Ruian, Yongjia. He traveled a long way and came to Yiwu to worship Huang Shu as his teacher. Gao Zecheng was deeply influenced by Huang Shu in his creative thinking. It's just that Gao Zecheng had his own ambitions. He liked to read miscellaneous books, like to associate with folk artists, and collect folk legends and stories, but he was not very focused on Confucian classics. Huang Ming believed that this was not conducive to his development, so he earnestly warned him to go straight on the right path. But sincerity is good and difficult to change, so he said goodbye and went back before the study period was over. On the day of departure, Gao Zecheng got up early and hurriedly hit the road. Huang Shu went upstairs and walked into Gao Zecheng's room, but when he saw that the building was empty, he felt as if he had lost something.
While I was melancholy, I suddenly saw Gao Zecheng's manuscript left on the closet. I took it and took a look and found that it was a draft of the script of "The Legend of Pipa". Huang Chuchu read through it and saw that the words were rich and sophisticated, and the meaning was exquisite. He was greatly surprised after reading it, and he exclaimed: "Wizard, wizard!" Huang Huang was eager to love talents, so he hurriedly set off on the road to catch up with Gao Zecheng with a group of book boys.
On the way, it suddenly started to rain, and Huang Ming did not stop. After walking to Dongyang Nantaoyan, I saw a pavilion. Huang Shu and his boy went in and saw Gao Zecheng taking shelter from the rain. Huang Ming was very happy and sent his book boy to a nearby shop to buy food and wine for him as a farewell party. Although the teachers and students drank together on the stone benches in the pavilion, they were extremely excited and enjoyed themselves very much. Huang Ming cherished his talents as much as his fate, and even poured the wine himself. He also toasted three times, one to Gao Zecheng's talent, the other to the eloquent lyrics of "Pipa Ji", and the third to wish Gao Zecheng greater achievements! It was raining and foggy, and the sky was clear. Under the setting sun, teachers and students hugged each other and said goodbye.
It is said that the ancient name of this pavilion is "Fenghui Pavilion", commonly known as "Shanbei Pavilion". After the story of Huang Shu bidding farewell to Gao Zecheng here, it was renamed "Three Cups Pavilion" to express three toasts before saying goodbye. This is a good story for future generations. In the second year of Zhishun (1331), Huang Huang was called to the capital and entered the imperial court. He was transferred to Hanlin Yingfeng, Tongzhi Zhigao and editor of the Academy of National History.
In the first year of Zhengzheng (1341), Huang Huang was appointed as the Confucian scholar in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In the third year of Zhizheng (1341), the imperial court ordered Huang Shu to compile the histories of Liao, Jin and Song, but he did not go there because his mother died of illness. After the completion of his filial piety, he served as a Zhongshun doctor and secretary as a young eunuch.
In the sixth year of Zhizheng (1346), Duoer Zhiban, the prime minister on the right side of Zhongshu, and Taiping, the prime minister on the left side of Zhongshu, strongly recommended Huang Huang as a Hanlin scholar and a fellow student of Zhizhigao in national history.
In the eighth year of Zhizheng (1348), Huang Huang was promoted to serve as a lecturer and learned about the imperial examinations and banquets. This year, he was appointed to compile the "Biographies of Concubines and Heroic Officials" and became the chief executive. Wang Bao, a student of Huang Shu, was in the history museum, serving his teacher. During the day, he would discuss and write together; at night, he would sit together on the couch and discuss the essence of history together. Relying on his outstanding historical talents, rich historical knowledge, and especially his noble historical ethics, Huang Shu adhered to the writing style of "Spring and Autumn" and ruled that the national history respects historical facts and never flatters people in an unflattering way. There is nothing left, the history books are left in the world."
When Huang Huang made imperial edicts for his knowledge, he wielded a pen as large as a rafter to draft national edicts, large-scale productions, and inscriptions describing the sages and sages. At that time, there were only two or three people like Huang Yan in the imperial court, so they were particularly valued. As a result, there was an endless stream of people from all over the world who came to ask for literature and apprenticeship.
Huang Shu was also the official of the Jingyan Banquet, and he went to the "Imperial Lecture Hall" to explain the classics and history to the emperor. Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty once said to Doer Zhiban: "As civil servants are old, Huang Zizheng should be by my side." He was erudite and proficient in history. He talked about how to govern the country for the people and bring peace to the country. The emperor was fascinated by it. Learned a lot. The emperor happily told him that you have devoted your sincerity and wisdom to enlightening me on how to govern the country, which has really benefited me a lot. The emperor repeatedly rewarded him with gold-textured satin for this purpose. It is particularly worth mentioning that in his lectures, Huang Shu always used history as a reference and used vivid examples of rise and fall in history to explain the principles of benevolence to the people and love for things. This was a wake-up call to the emperor and persuaded him to implement benevolent policies. In this way, Huang Shu gave lectures to the emperor 32 times during his reign, which was rare among Jingyan officials.
Guozixue was established in the Yuan Dynasty and was the highest government institution at that time. Dr. Guozi is a professor of Guozi studies. Huang Shu was a doctor of Guozi and taught his disciples. He never respected himself as a teacher or acted like a teacher. His disciples also deeply felt that he was approachable and treated his peers like friends. At that time, Guozixue wanted to add four more "ritual hall coordinations". According to the ceremony, ministers should sit east and face west. Some academic officials suggested that the seats should be placed left and right to differentiate between superior and inferior. In this regard, colleagues did not dare to raise objections, but Huang Huang alone came forward to stop the matter, and finally there was no separation between left and right. In such a relaxed and harmonious teacher-student relationship, the disciples who came to study were more respectful and worked hard to study. Many of them achieved academic success, entered official careers, and became contemporary celebrities. For example, Song Lian, Wang Bao, Fu Shuo, Jin Juan, Zhu Lian, and Fu Zao were all Huang Shu's disciples.
Huang Shu also served as the chief examiner of the rural examinations in Zhejiang and other provinces for three times, and was also ordered to be the examiner of the imperial examinations. Whether he was among the candidates in the provincial examinations or among the imperial examinations, Huang Shu always recognized talents with a bona fide heart and worked hard to select future students.
Huang Shu was an upright man and an honest official. He stayed in the capital on and off for 20 years, always standing firm and upright in the imperial court. He "never enters the door of a powerful family", does not cling to power, does not flatter the nobles, is upright and upright. At that time, all the talented and virtuous people admired him and praised him unanimously: "The breeze is high and clean, like an ice kettle and a jade ruler, spotless."
Huang Shu was proficient in Confucianism and also practiced Confucianism. He is particularly filial to his parents and always has a heart for boxing. When he was 67 years old, he was still under the age of retirement, but he always thought of his elderly mother in his hometown, so he couldn't wait to submit a request to the emperor to support his relatives, and went south to return home. In April of the ninth year of Zhizheng (134), Huang Huang once again submitted a memorial to the emperor, requesting to resign and return to his hometown. However, he went on his own without waiting for the imperial edict to come down. When the emperor heard about this, he immediately sent troops to chase him all the way to Wulinyi (today's Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and finally invited Huang Shu back to the capital and restored him to his original position.
In his later years, Huang Ming became more committed to filial piety. On the first and fifteenth day of every month, no matter how hot or cold it is, we must visit the tombs of our ancestors.
He also tried his best to collect the relics of his ancestors, studied them carefully, and completed them into chapters. In April of the tenth year of Zhizheng (1350), Huang Shu was seventy-four years old and finally retired and returned to his hometown. After he returned to his hometown in the south, he lived leisurely in the countryside and fields of Chouzhou. However, he was still diligent in his studies and strict in self-cultivation, and he never slackened off when he was old. Especially in reciting poems and composing poems, his interest was still as interesting as before. "When he encounters beautiful mountains and rivers, he drinks wine and chants about them and forgets about them all day long." During this period, he wrote "Five Poems on Autumn Feelings", which expresses Huang Shu's mood in his twilight years through the use of scenery, and also reflects his concern for the country and the people:
The clouds are still gone at the end of the day, and the old people are wandering in the mountains. . My way is flowing around, but I sigh that the ancients did not.
The wild magpie is suspicious of the autumn trees, and the new horse is timid and silent on the road.
Cang Mang misses Comrade, and a measly article is Confucianism. (Part 1)
The sky is open to the wine, and the sun sets on the stairs.
The cicadas mourn the dusk leaves, and the old geese go to the long clouds.
Lost in Ji Zhongsan, settled in late Zheng Guangwen.
What a name, what a shame. (Part 2)
The river falls a little in autumn, and the dew of the night is faint.
The sky is clear and the river is endless, and the wild trees depend on each other.
Looking back at the number of wild songs, I remember that we were wrong yesterday.
The flowing firefly has no thoughts and cleverly flies into the crimson curtain. (Part 3)
It is extremely sad to look up to the past and lament that it is too late.
You are born with a talent that is taboo, and Jiafu’s time is a disaster.
The world is willing to pity the oak tree, but I regret it.
Little poems are just a joke, but cowardice can lead to seduction. (Four)
The wind and rain are still shaking down, and the country is stranded.
Laziness makes things clumsy, leisure cherishes a strong spirit and rests.
The weak vines are blooming against the rocks, and the empty trees are lying in the stream.
The excitement reaches the smallest things, and the worldly drama is long-lasting. (Part 5) Huang Ming, who retired to seclusion and lived among the people, had a deep understanding of the lives of the people. "The wind and rain are still shaking down, and the country is still stranded." This is a true portrayal of the social reality in the late Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the ruling class was ignorant and corrupt, ethnic conflicts intensified, class oppression and exploitation intensified, the social economy was stagnant, and the majority of the people lived a miserable life. Although Huang Huang served as an official, he remained untainted. Even after retiring from officialdom, he still cared about the national economy and people's livelihood, and expressed his infinite feelings about the world in dignified and melancholy poetry.
Huang Shu was a solitary person, and many of his prose works, such as "The Letter to the Emperor", showed the author's indifferent character. "The Biography of Liu Lifu" praises an upright doctor who does his best to save lives and heal the wounded regardless of remuneration. "Jia Lun" describes the activities of merchants, the gathering of department stores, buying and selling transactions, genuine goods, and profit-seeking. This kind of business in the market is despised by local officials. However, the scholar-officials "pretend to be vain" to obtain high official positions and generous salaries, but do not show true talent and learning, and their conduct is inferior to that of merchants. The article believes that this is an unfair phenomenon. In fact, a noble person is not as straightforward as a bitch. "Speaking of Water as a Gift to Jiang Chunqing" uses water as a metaphor for people, "holding a trickle to form waves". Although he is overqualified and overqualified, he finally puts in some effort and does not live by deception. This type of prose is aimed at reality and touches on some of the ills in society at that time. He has an article "Postscript of the Biography of Lu Jun", which records the deeds of Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie and others in detail, and reveals his condolences for the loyal ministers and righteous men in the late Song Dynasty. It is also shown in "Mountain" and "Xuanhe Painting Wood and Stone". In his later years, Huang Shu's mood gradually calmed down. For example, he said in the poem "A Gift to the Warlock on the Moon River": "After sitting in the world for sixty years, I realized that my destiny is inevitable. A thousand rivers do not illuminate each other in one month, and the shadows of branches to the north and branches to the south are biased. "I have seen too many injustices in the world, and it is useless to ask for help. I feel deeply.
Normally, Huang Shu is approachable and never thinks of himself as a high-ranking official. At the same time, he is also strict with himself and never abuses his prestige. If relatives and friends have any inappropriate requests, he always politely declines. Some greedy people wanted to get an official position through his recommendation, but he firmly refused and told them: "The purpose of setting up officials and titles in the country is to select talents to serve the country and benefit the people. How can it be done?" To give and receive as private property and promote the greed of greedy people?" Some vulgar people ridiculed him for being unkind, but he just laughed it off.
Huang Shu's official career was not very bumpy throughout his life, but he did not have any arrogance. He was always simple and frank, and never deliberately pretentious. People who interacted with him were also infected, and their stinginess disappeared immediately. He is strong-willed by nature, and hates evil as much as hatred. When he sees injustice or faces a treacherous person, he becomes furious, like a string of thunder shaking, and he is not tolerant. But he is also open-minded and unprejudiced. If the injustice is settled fairly and the treacherous person repentes, he will be as warm as spring in an instant. He lived an extremely frugal life. Although he held a high position, he was never extravagant. He was rich but could be poor. In daily life, Xiao Ran is no different from ordinary people. He was pure in heart and had few desires. When he was in his "strong years", he "lid alone on the bed outside, and only served two Cangtou (servants) on his left and right."
In the seventeenth year of Zhizheng (1357) On September 5th (October 18th), Huang Shu passed away in his residence by Xiuhu Lake in Choucheng at the age of 81. The bad news spread, and when the scholars and officials heard about it, they all shed tears and said, "Huang Gong is dead, and the work of a generation is over!" The imperial court posthumously awarded him the title of doctor of Zhongfeng, and served as the official secretary of the Zhongshu Province in Jiangxi and other places, participating in political affairs and protecting the army. He was named "Jiangxia County Duke" and posthumously named "Wenwen". Students Song Lian, Wang Bao, Jin Juan, Fu Zao, etc. all came to take care of the funeral. On the 18th of that month (October 31st), he was buried together with his wife Wang, who died a year before him, in Dongye Plain, Chongde Township, 3 miles northeast of the county, on the south side of today's Binwang Road, near the Filial Son Temple. The monument no longer exists, but the tomb site still exists.