Introduction to Longevity Hill in the Summer Palace

Wanshou Mountain is the remnant of Yanshan Mountain, with a height of 58.59 meters and an altitude of 108.94 meters. In front of Kunming Lake, in the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1494), Mrs. Luo, the wet nurse of Xiaozong, built a garden and quiet temple in front of the mountain. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was used as a fodder for the palace to raise horses. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign (1750), in order to celebrate the 60th birthday of the Empress Dowager, the Dabaoen Yanshou Temple was built at the former site of Yuanjing Temple. The following year, the mountain was renamed Wanshou Mountain. The earthwork for developing Kunming Lake was piled on the mountain according to the original layout, making the east and west slopes gentle and symmetrical, becoming the main body of the whole garden. The building complex is built on the mountain. The existing ones were rebuilt by Cixi after the British and French allied forces burned them down. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyun Gate, Ergong Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, Foxiang Pavilion, to the Sea of ​​Wisdom at the top of the mountain, a rising central axis is formed. Today's Wanshou Mountain was named Wengshan in the Yuan Dynasty. Legend has it that an old man dug a stone urn full of treasures in the mountain and got its name. In front of the mountain is a lake named Wengshan Bo. In 1292 AD (from the Yuan Dynasty to the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty), scientist Guo Shoujing excavated the Tonghui River, diverted spring water from Changping and Xishan areas into the lake, injected it into the palace wall, and supported water transportation. Wengshan Bo began to serve as a water storage system for the capital. reservoir. From this to the Ming Dynasty, many influential temples were built around the lake, especially the "Dachengtian Husheng Temple" on the northwest coast of the lake. Xiangyan Zongyin Pavilion and Jiayinxuan Xiangyan Zongyin Pavilion: Built in the Qianlong period, it is the central building of the four continents. It was originally a three-story high pavilion. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and was rebuilt to its current state during the reign of Emperor Guangxu. The third Buddha and the Eighteen Arhats are enshrined in the pavilion. Xiangyan Zongyin Pavilion in Wanshou Mountain Jiayinxuan: It was built during the Qianlong period. It was named after it was built between the green shade of two ancient locust trees. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and rebuilt in 1989. The scenic area at the back of Wanshou Mountain - the Garden of Harmonious Interests, Four Continental Continents, and Danning Hall

Beautiful views of Mount Wanshou (20 photos) Garden of Harmonious Interests: imitated in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751), a famous garden in the south of the Yangtze River in Wuxi It was built in Jichang Garden in Huishan and named Huishan Garden. It was rebuilt in the 16th year of Jiaqing (1811) and renamed Xiequyuan. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and rebuilt in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892). There are several acres of square pond. There are buildings, pavilions, halls, restaurants, bridges, pavilions and other garden buildings along the pond. They are connected by hundreds of verandas with three steps and one turn, and five steps and one fold. It is the most famous "garden within a garden" in China. The four major continents of the Wanshou Mountain Harmony Garden are: Tibetan religious buildings built during the Qianlong period, namely "Nanzhanbuzhou", "Beijuluzhou", "Dongzhou" Shengshenzhou" and "Xiniuhezhou". It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and the current layout was built as it was in 1980. The Four Major Continents of Wanshou Mountain: Danning Hall: Built during the Qianlong period, it is an important scenic spot in Houhu Lake. It is quiet and quiet, surrounded by mountains and rivers. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and was not restored when the Summer Palace was rebuilt during the Guangxu period. In 1996, after multiple discussions and approval from the state, it was rebuilt on the original site to display the treasures of palace furniture from the Ming and Qing Dynasties collected in the Summer Palace. Wanshou Mountain

Houhu Scenic Area

Wanshou Mountain Houhu Scenic Area - Yinhui City Gate Chengguan is one of the six major city gates in the Summer Palace. It was first built during the Qianlong period. The stone inscription on the east side "Yinhui", with "Yishuang" engraved on the west side, echoes the "Tongyun" city gate in the west, both of which are land gates of Suzhou Street. Wanshou Mountain Houhu Scenic Area - Tiaoyuanzhai, Miaojue Temple, Suzhou Street Tiaoyuanzhai: commonly known as "Kanhui Tower", it was built during the Guangxu period. The entire building is placed on a high platform with a wide view to the north. It was specially built for Cixi to watch the annual temple fair outside the north wall of the Summer Palace. Miaojue Temple: First built during the Qianlong period, it is the smallest temple in the Summer Palace. It consists of a mountain gate, a wall, a flagpole and a main building. The temple is dedicated to "Sincerity to Save the Buddha". Suzhou Street: Originally known as Buying and Selling Street, it was built during the Qianlong period to imitate the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. It was a water street specially used for the emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty to go shopping. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and was restored on the site in 1990. establish. The street is more than 300 meters long, with water as the street and the bank as the market. There are more than 60 shops along the bank, including teahouses, restaurants, pharmacies, banks, hat shops, handicraft shops, and snack shops, which focus on the 18th century. The business and cultural atmosphere in Jiangnan, China.

Dian Scenic Area

Wanshou Mountain Dian Scenic Area - Painting Middle Reaches, Writing Qiuxuan, Ziqidonglai Chengguan Painting Middle Reaches: first built during the Qianlong period, it was renovated in 1860 It was burned down by the British and French allied forces and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. It is an important scenic spot in the west of Wanshou Mountain. It has an octagonal two-story pavilion in the middle, two pavilions and two floors on the east and west, and a white stone archway and a small hall with three rooms at the back, each connected by a climbing corridor. Because the building is built against the mountain and has a wide field of vision, when you walk along the corridor and watch the scenery, you feel like you are in a painting, so it is called "Mid-strip in the Painting". The Wanshou Mountain Cao Pavilion

Write Qiuxuan: It was built in the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. It is a group of buildings on the east side of the mountain in front of Wanshou Mountain. The main hall has three couplets, built on a high platform, with climbing corridors on both sides connecting the two pavilions "Guan Shang" and "Xun Yun". This pavilion is hidden in the mountains, elegant and pure, and is an excellent place to watch the autumn colors. Ziqidonglai Chengguan: It was built during the Qianlong period. The stone forehead in the south is engraved with "Purple Air Coming from the East", which is derived from the allusion of Laozi's departure from seclusion. The stone forehead in the north is engraved with "Xia Qi in Chicheng", which is derived from the famous line in "Ode to Mount Tiantai" by Sun Chuo, a writer of the Jin Dynasty. The city gate is not only a scenic spot building, but also a gateway for zoning defense in the park. Wanshou Mountain Point Scenic Area——Yuanlangzhai Wanshou Mountain Chongcui Pavilion

Yuanlangzhai: It was built during the Qianlong period, burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. "Yuanlang" means saintly benevolence and wisdom. Wanshou Mountain Point Scenic Area - Lenongxuan, Cao Pavilion, Yishou Hall Lenongxuan: According to legend, it was built by the Empress Dowager Cixi in order to experience "pastoral fun". With blue brick walls and stone roofs, the building pursues the mood of a farmhouse courtyard, but still retains the charm of the architecture in an imperial garden. Cao Pavilion: Built during the Guangxu period, it is a key building in the Lenongxuan Scenic Area. It has a simple structure, with the top covered with thatch and cloud flakes. It has neither oil decoration nor murals, and has a simple and simple beauty. Yishou Hall: Built during the Guangxu period, the main hall has five couplets and is named Songchunzhai. This was originally the Royal Pharmacy. In March 1949, Mao Zedong rested here when he came to the park. Wanshou Mountain Point Scenic Spot - Chongcui Pavilion, Yi Chiyun Zai, Hushan Zhenyi Chongcui Pavilion: It was built in the Qianlong period as a rolling shed-style open hall. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. It is not only a scenic spot building, but also a good place for viewing. Yi Chiyunzai: It was built in the Qianlong period, burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and rebuilt in the Guangxu period as a rolling shed-style open hall. "The clouds are late," comes from the poem "Jiang Pavilion" written by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. Wanshou Mountain

The true meaning of Hushan: It was built in the Qianlong period, burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and rebuilt in the Guangxu period as a rolling shed-style open hall. Standing here and looking to the west, you can have a panoramic view of the beautiful scenery of the Western Mountains. Wanshou Mountain Scenic Spot - Shanxian Temple, Yunhui Temple, Huiting Shanxian Temple: Built during the Qianlong period, it was originally a temple building in the east part of the back mountain of Wanshou Mountain. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860. It is now Only the mountain gate and an auxiliary building remain, and the rest of the halls are all in ruins. "Shan Xian" is one of the ten disciples of Sakyamuni. Yunhui Temple: It was built during the Qianlong period. The main hall is a square pavilion-style building named "Xianghai Zhenyuan". It is one of the remaining wooden buildings in the rear garden that was burned by the British and French forces. It houses the Vairocana Buddha. The bronze statue is the original of Qingyi Garden. Wanshou Mountain

Hui Pavilion: Built during the Guangxu period, it is commonly known as the "Double Pavilion". It is composed of two hexagonal pavilions. It is both a point-of-view building and a viewing pavilion. Wanshou Mountain Point Scenic Area - Jingfu Pavilion, Huacheng Pavilion, Duobao Glazed Pagoda Jingfu Pavilion: It was originally a Buddhist temple named Epiphyllum Pavilion during the Qingyi Garden period. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860. In 1892, it was rebuilt into the current Jing Fook Pavilion. The front part of the pavilion is a large and open hall, where the Empress Dowager Cixi once admired the moon, watched the rain and received foreign envoys. In April 1949, peace negotiations between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Nanjing National Government were held here. Wanshou Mountain

Huacheng Pavilion and Duobao Glazed Pagoda: Huacheng Pavilion is a group of buildings built during the Qianlong period. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860. Now only the Duobao Glazed Pagoda and stone sculptures remain. and other building sites. The Duobao Glazed Pagoda is sixteen meters high, with eight levels and seven levels. The tower body is inlaid with seven-color glazed bricks and tiles, with a white marble Xumi pedestal underneath. In front of the pagoda, there is a stone tablet of Qianlong's "Ode to the Imperial Treasure Pagoda of Wanshou Mountain" engraved in four languages: Han, Mongolian, Manchu and Tibetan.

Qianshou Mountain Scenic Area

Wanshou Mountain Qianshou Mountain Scenic Area - Wanshou Mountain, Foxiang Pavilion, Paiyun Hall Wanshou Mountain

Wanshou Mountain: It is the remaining vein of Yanshan Mountain. It is 58.59 meters high. Legend has it that an old man once carved a stone urn on the mountain, so it was named Wengshan. In front of it is Wengshan Lake, also known as West Lake, which is now Kunming Lake. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1494), Mrs. Luo, the wet nurse of Emperor Xiaozong, built Yuanjing Temple in front of the mountain. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1750), in order to celebrate the 60th birthday of the Empress Dowager, the Dabaoen Yanshou Temple was built at the former site of Yuanjing Temple. The following year, the mountain was renamed Wanshou Mountain, and the earthwork to open up Kunming Lake was piled on the site according to the needs of the garden layout. On the mountain, the east and west slopes are gentle and symmetrical, becoming the main body of the whole garden. Most of the buildings built on the mountain during the Qianlong period were burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and most of the existing buildings were rebuilt during the Guangxu period. The front mountain forms a huge main building complex with the eight-sided, three-story and four-eaves Buddhist Xiang Pavilion as the center. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyun Gate, Ergong Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, Foxiang Pavilion, to the Sea of ​​Wisdom at the top of the mountain, a rising central axis is formed. On the east side are the "Zhuanlunzang" and the "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake Stone Stele". On the west side are the Wufang Pavilion and the bronze Baoyun Pavilion. In the back mountain there are the magnificent Four Continents of Tibetan Buddhist architecture and the multi-colored glazed pagoda towering among the green trees. There are also various pavilions and pavilions on the mountain such as Jingfu Pavilion, Chongcui Pavilion, Shu Qiuxuan and Hua Zhongyou, which can be called a concentrated display of Chinese classical garden architecture. Foxiang Pavilion: It was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860 and was rebuilt as it was during the Guangxu period. The structure of the pavilion has eight sides, three floors and four eaves, with a total height of 36.44 meters. It stands on a 20-meter-high stone platform. It is majestic and is the composition center of the entire Summer Palace. There is a standing statue of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva with Thousand Arms cast in bronze and gold enshrined in the pavilion. The statue is five meters high and weighs 10,000 kilograms. It was built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Set against the eight load-bearing iron pear wood Optimus Pillars that run through the entire pavilion, it is beautiful, solemn, shining, and has extremely high cultural relics and artistic value. Wanshou Mountain

Paiyun Hall: Originally the main hall of Yanshou Temple in Qingyi Garden, it was burned down by the British and French forces in the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860). In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), the Paiyun Hall was built on its ruins. , is the place to celebrate Cixi’s birthday. The exhibits currently displayed in the hall are the birthday gifts presented by the princes and ministers at that time. Wanshou Mountain Front Mountain Scenic Area - Paiyun Hall Foxiang Pavilion Scenic Area Wanshou Mountain Paiyun Temple

Paiyun Temple Foxiang Pavilion Scenic Area is the central axis building group with the most complete architectural layout and the richest architectural forms in the Summer Palace. , buildings such as halls, pavilions, corridors, pavilions, bridges, squares, and monuments are about 20,000 square meters. From the Yunhui Jade Archway near the water to Paiyun Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, Buddhist Incense Pavilion, Zhongxiang Realm, and Sea of ​​Wisdom, the layers rise and are arranged in an orderly manner, majestic and resplendent, integrating gardens and temples. Integrate with the palace. This scenic spot was built in the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), with the Dabaoen Yanshou Temple as the main body. It was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860, and was rebuilt to its current size during the Guangxu period. Wanshou Mountain Front Mountain Scenic Area - Wufang Pavilion, Zhuanlunzang, Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake Stone Stele Wufang Pavilion: It is a religious building. The "Five Directions" refers to the five directions of east, west, south, north, and middle. In Buddhism, there are "Five Directions and Five Buddhas". explain. The groove in your stone wall is where the Buddha statue is hung when the lama is chanting sutras. Wanshou Mountain

Zhuanlunzang: Built during the Qianlong period, the entire building consists of the main hall, auxiliary pavilions and the "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake" stone tablet. It was a place where emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty stored scriptures, Buddha statues and chanted sutras and prayed. . The pavilion has two floors, upper and lower, with a four-story painted wooden pagoda running through it. The wooden pagoda stores scriptures and Buddha statues and can be rotated to symbolize the recitation of scriptures. Wanshou Mountain

Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake Stone Stele: erected in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751), it is carved from a single boulder and is 9.8 meters high. It has a magnificent shape, well-proportioned proportions and exquisite carvings. On the front of the stele is engraved the six characters "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake" written by Emperor Qianlong, and on the back is the full text of "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake" written by Emperor Qianlong, which describes the purpose and process of developing Kunming Lake in that year. Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake Stone Stele

Wanshou Mountain Front Mountain Scenic Area - Baoyun Pavilion Bronze Hall, Sea of ​​Wisdom, Zhongxiangjie Baoyun Pavilion Bronze Hall: It was the place where the emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty prayed for blessings and chanted scriptures, during the 20th year of Qianlong's reign. It was built in 1755, with a height of 7.55 meters and a weight of 207 tons.

All components including the beams, columns, brackets, rafters, tiles, plaques and couplets of the Bronze Palace were cast using our country's traditional "wax pulling method" and "sand breaking method" and the surface was treated to a crab green cold bronze color, which has high scientific value. When the British and French allied forces burned Qingyi Garden in 1860, the Baoyun Pavilion Bronze Hall was one of the few surviving buildings in the garden, but its interior furnishings were looted. In 1900, it was destroyed by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, and some Ten copper windows were lost abroad. In 1993, American International Group purchased and donated it to the Summer Palace.

Beautiful view of Wanshou Mountain (2) (13 photos) Wisdom Sea: Built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795), the structure is made of bricks and stones without load-bearing beams and columns, commonly known as the Beamless Hall. The roof and murals of the building are decorated with five-color colored glaze, and there are 1,110 Amitayus Buddha embedded in them. The Buddha statues in the hall are all cultural relics of the Qianlong period. In 1900, the glazed Buddha statue on the wall was brutally destroyed by the Eight-Power Allied Forces. The sea of ​​wisdom and the stone inscriptions on the front and back of the archway in front of the temple form a Buddhist verse: "The world of incense, the forest of trees, the sea of ​​wisdom, and the auspicious clouds." Zhongxiangjie Religious Archway: Brick and stone structure, decorated with five-color glazed tiles on the surface. Engraved on the front and back of the archway and on the front and back of the Sea of ​​Wisdom are: "The world of incense, the only forest; the Sea of ​​Wisdom, the auspicious clouds", comparing this place to a Buddhist holy land.

Western Scenic Area

Qingyan Boat: formerly known as Shifang, it was built in the 20th year of Qianlong (1755). The boat is made of huge stones and is thirty-six meters long. m, the original Chinese-style cabin was burned down by the British and French forces in 1860. When it was rebuilt in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), it was changed to a Western-style cabin and named "Qingyan Fang" after taking the meaning of "River, Qinghaiyan". . Suyunyan Chengguan: It was first built in the Qianlong period, also known as Beique. The original building on the city housed a silver statue of Guan Yu, which was looted by the British and French forces in 1860. When the Summer Palace was renovated during the Guangxu period, it was converted into a pavilion-style building with a memorial tablet for Emperor Guan inside. Wanshou Mountain Suyunyan Chengguan

Yongqiao: It was first built in the Qianlong period. The bridge pavilion was destroyed by the British and French forces in 1860 and rebuilt during the Guangxu period. The name of the bridge comes from the sentence in "The Book of Songs" "Pick the water plants from left to right".

Edit this section of folklore

Wengshan was famous in the Yuan Dynasty. It was named after the legend that an old man dug out a stone urn full of treasures in the mountain. In front of the mountain is a lake named Wengshan Bo.

Edit related poems in this paragraph

In the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), Luo Shi, the wet nurse of Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yijun and his wife Luo Shi, funded the construction of Yuanjing Temple in the central part of the southern slope of Wengshan Mountain. According to the Ming Dynasty, According to people's description, this temple is "structured by rocks, with stone slabs. Visitors climb up the stairs and there is a house called the Snow Cave on the top of the mountain, overlooking the lake, and the flat fields and distant villages are endless." "The temple gate is crossed by a stone bridge, and the main road leads to the lake embankment. Within half a mile of the gate, you can go to the stage from the left path and there are more than ten fine orchids. To the west of the room, there are three couplets in the hall, and a jingshe on the left and right, facing the mountain and the lake." It seems that although Yuanjing Temple is not as magnificent as Gongde Temple, it is located appropriately and can adapt to local conditions. After its completion, the appearance of Wengshan has been improved. Literati often visited here and left some poems and essays to recite, It provides a glimpse of the landscape here back then. For example: The Xiang Pavilion comes out from the end of the forest and climbs into the evening mist. Half of the water is frosty and cold, and the trees have fallen into a Zen pass. Feed the birds in the lake, and peek out of the window to climb up the mountain. It can accommodate the bed of dust, but I am willing to return to the place of faith. Wang Cundeng · "Yuanjing Temple" The mountain light and lake shadow are semi-ragged. The pampas grass grows sloping along the stream. Stone urns can be used to impoverish the emperor's family, and gold ropes are mostly given to officials. The farmers are in the south of the Yangtze River, and the guests are tired of passing through the sand in the north of this year. The scenery is also clear and quiet, and I have no intention of passing the flowers in the forest. Liang Yufu's "Yuanjing Temple on Wengshan Mountain" is the largest, with magnificent buildings and a white marble fishing platform extending into the lake. Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty often came here for boating and fishing.