Feng shui yin Zhai Chang Lao da Zuo xing

A large number of archaeological data prove that paying attention to people's living environment is an important content in China's local culture. As early as six or seven thousand years ago, the ancestors of China had reached a very high level in their choice and understanding of their own living environment. There has been an obvious tendency of "environmental choice" in the settlement site selection during Yangshao culture period, which mainly includes: (1) being close to water sources, which is not only convenient for domestic water intake, but also beneficial to the development of agricultural production. (2) Located at the intersection of rivers, with convenient transportation. (3) Being on the river steps not only has fertile farming soil, but also can avoid being attacked by floods. (4) If you are on a hillside, you will generally face the sunny slope. For example, Banpo site is a typical geomantic pattern of Shangji, which is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the two waters intersect. Enlighteningly, most of these villages overlap with modern villages or towns. For example, 1 1 Neolithic village sites were found in 15 modern villages in a section of the flooded coast of Henan Province. Within 70 kilometers along the Weihe River in Gansu Province, 69 sites were discovered. It can be seen that ancient people attached great importance to the factors of settlement location. This ancient tradition is deeply rooted in the minds of future generations and embodied in the site selection and construction of many modern cities and villages. Judging from the situation of ancient cultural sites, there has been a clear functional division in areas where people live in compact communities. For example, in Banpo site, the cemetery was arranged outside the residential area, and the conscious separation between the residential area and the tomb area became a precursor to the later distinction between the yin house and the yang house. The continuous improvement of the primitive living form in the Neolithic Age reflects people's adaptability to environmental changes, and the location of primitive settlements also shows that ancient ancestors had a high level of understanding of the quality of living environment. In a word, while observing the environment, people begin to choose the environment actively. It can be clearly seen from the ruins of palaces in Shang Dynasty that people's understanding of the relationship between rivers and living environment has reached a quite high level. Xiaotun Village, two kilometers northwest of Anyang, Henan Province, was the capital of Yin and Shang Dynasties. Huanshui turns from northwest to south here, and then turns to the east. On both sides of this river, the area around Xiaotun Village at the corner of the south bank is where the palaces of Shang Dynasty are located. The large areas in the west, south, southeast and east of Huan River of the Palace are houses, workshops and cemeteries for civilians and small and medium-sized nobles. Houjia Village and Wuguan Village on its north shore are the tombs of Shang princes and nobles. What needs to be emphasized is that no matter the palace area, residential area, production area or mausoleum area, they are all located in the winding embrace of the river, which fully proves that the concept of pursuing "Qu Zi Gui Ji" in later Feng Shui has a long history. As Boshan Shuiyue said, "The waves are surging and Shui Ge is rich. Winding, Shui Ge is expensive. " Jiang Pingjie's "Water Dragon Classic" also said: "The natural water law must be remembered, and there is nothing but affection in the middle. If you don't want to wash away, you must hug and bend the ring. " "When the water meets three bends, it can last a long life, bend to the DPRK, and be glorious and rich." In short, the requirement for water flow is to "bend around and hug" and pay attention to "bend with affection" because "the bend of the river is also a gathering place for dragons." Moreover, in geomantic omen, the inside of meander is auspicious and the outside of meander is fierce. "Revealing Carmen Jade" says: "Water can be found by holding on to it, and water will come down irreversibly." Shui Long Jing also thinks that all kinds of terrain such as "anti-flying", "anti-submarine", "anti-water" and "anti-bow water" are dangerous places, which is not conducive to health preservation. The so-called "love the water is at home." Water is Long Mai, don't shoot at the bow in a hurry. "Obviously, this is the conclusion drawn by ancient ancestors in their long-term observation and practice of the relationship between the natural environment and urban and rural buildings in river areas, which is consistent with the changing law of modern river landforms about meandering rivers. In other words, the view that "water is auspicious and affectionate" summarized in ancient architectural geomantic omen is rooted in this scientific understanding. Secondly, Feng Shui emphasizes that cities and buildings face south and face the sun, which has a profound cultural background and a very reasonable scientific basis. From a cultural point of view, this is closely related to the study of Zhouyi. " "Zhouyi Shuo Gua" says: "The sage listens to the world from the south. "Later generations called the emperor's strategy of governing the country' southern surgery', which originated from this. In addition, the astronomical star map of China is drawn with the method of facing south and the sky facing up, and the map is drawn with the geographical method of overlooking. Therefore, China's ancient concept of orientation is also unique: the front is south and the back is north, and Zuo Dong is around, which is just the opposite of the widely used concept of orientation from the west (up and down, north and south) today. The emergence of this idea of "facing south and facing the sun" is determined by its specific environmental characteristics. Because China is located in the northern hemisphere, most of the time the sun shines from the south, and people's life and production are based on direct contact with the sun, which determines that the direction of people's lighting must be the south. And choosing to live south is also related to the seasonal wind direction. Cold northerly winds prevail in most areas of China in winter and warm and humid southerly winds prevail in summer, which determines that the basic pattern of China's geomantic environment model should be: facing south, surrounded by mountains on three sides in the west, north and east, resisting the cold winter wind, and opening slightly in the south to welcome the warm and humid summer monsoon. Because it is "in the south", in geomantic omen, Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu are often used to indicate orientation. For example, "Burial Book" said: "Take the dragon on the left, the white tiger on the right, the suzaku in front, and the Xuanwu in the back. "Ten Books of Yangzhai" said: "Anyone who has running water on the left side of the house is called Qinglong; There is a long road on the right, called white tiger; There is a sweat pool in front, called Suzaku; There is a hill behind it, called Xuanwu, which is the most expensive place. "So, Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu became the names of the four gods in Feng Shui. However, when these four animals began to serve as the orientation gods in Feng Shui, there was no textual research for a while. However, in Yangshao cultural tombs found in Xishuipo, Ziyang, Henan Province, there are obvious patterns of "Qinglong" and "White Tiger" made of clam shells, which are located on both sides of the tombs. If the figures of "Green Dragon" and "White Tiger" in tombs also have the function of pointing, then the idea of "Green Dragon leaping, White Tiger crouching tiger" in later Feng Shui works can be traced back to Yangshao culture period 6000 years ago. In fact, in ancient times, people had a clear concept of orientation god. As the Book of Rites Quli said: "OK, Suzaku is in front of Xuanwu, and the left dragon is right with the white tiger. "The names of the four gods represent the names of the four gods, forming four celestial phenomena, east, west, north and south. Therefore, Huainanzi Astronomical Training said: "The most expensive god is Qinglong. "Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu, as the gods of the four directions, were later respected by Taoism and had a wide influence on China culture. Four gods, such as Qinglong and Baihu, are orientation gods, and each town guards the city, town and house. Those who meet the following conditions can be called "land of four gods" or "land of four spirits". Its conditions are "Xuanwu hanging its head, Suzaku dancing, Qinglong wind and white tiger training." "That is to say, the mountain in the direction of Xuanwu looks down, the mountain in the direction of Suzaku is coming to sing and dance, the Qinglong Mountain on the left is constantly ups and downs, and the white tiger mountain on the right is vigorous. Such an environment is a "land of geomantic omen". To form a land of geomantic omen, we must not only have "four images", but also have veins, sand, halls, nozzles and directions. " "Ten Books of Yangzhai" said: "People should live mainly in mountains and rivers, and their origin is the most powerful, which is the most important." "The story of Yangzhai is the same, and it is also necessary to be lenient when you are alive. Tang Ming should accommodate 10,000 horses ... or from mountains or plains. There is water around, and there are roads around. " "More need to tidy up the nozzle, don't be too reluctant to make a penny. The stars are close to the hall, and the record is not narrow. This statement is based on the general situation, and there is no strange classification. "This is a geomantic treasure-house model in the macro environment: namely, the mountains in the north are continuous, the low hills in the south echo far and near, the left and right mountains are surrounded, the security is tight, the middle hall is clear, the terrain is spacious, and the water is winding. It is an ideal geomantic treasure-house. As Fo Yin said in "Feng Shui Lecture Notes": "The mountains are ups and downs, the heights are strewn at random, the music is lively, the center is out of the vein, the acupoints are protruding, the dragon sand and tiger sand are surrounded by heavy sand, the mountains are outside the water, and the layers are guarded, which is extremely rich. "