The Original Text and Translation of Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges
As a dedicated educator, you usually need to prepare a teaching plan, which is the blueprint of teaching and can effectively improve teaching efficiency. So what is an excellent lesson plan? The following are the original texts and translation lesson plans of Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges collected by Bian Xiao, which are for reference only. I hope they can help you.
The Original Text and Translation of Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges
Original: Since the Three Gorges is 700 Li, both sides of the Three Gorges are connected by mountains, and there is no gap (Quling);
Notes; 1 from: at
Slightly none: not at all. Slightly, completely, completely.
3 Que: Same as Que, interrupt.
The 700-mile-long Three Gorges, with mountains on both sides, has no vacancy.
Original: Thick rocks (zhàng) cover the sun and the sky. I haven't seen the sunrise (xρ) month since midnight.
Notes; 1 Zhang, the mountain is like an obstacle.
Hide: cover up.
3 from: If
Hall 4 noon, noon.
5 nights, midnight
Sunrise, the morning sunshine, here refers to the sun.
Overlapping rock peaks cover the blue sky and the sun like barriers. If it's not noon, you can't see the sun. If it's not midnight, you can't see the moon.
As for launching Xiangling, block it along the back.
Notes; 1 As for: Here we are.
2 Xiangling: on, over; hills
3 along: downstream;
4 times: upstream
5 off: off
In summer, the river surged and overflowed the hills on both sides of the river, and the ships sailing up and down were cut off.
Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. Although I took the wind during the period, I was not sick.
Notes; 1 or: Yes
Secondly, this is the distance from Baidicheng to Jiangling.
3 although: even if
Riding against the wind: Riding a fast horse with Mercedes-Benz and riding in the wind. Ben Ma.
5 don't: not as good as; For example, think about it.
6 disease: fast
For example, there is an urgent order from the emperor, and for example, sometimes we start from Baidicheng in the morning and arrive in Jiangling at night, with a distance of 1,200 miles. Even if we ride a fast Mercedes-Benz horse and drive a long wind, we can't compare with the speed of the boat sailing.
Original: In spring and winter, the green pool is full of turbulence and the reflection is clear.
Notes; 1 time: season; Time, season, season
2 vegetarian rapids: white rapids
Hui Qing: clear the waves.
Spring and winter festivals, white rapids, dancing clear waves; The dark green pool reflects shadows (of rocks and trees).
Original: absolutely? T (y ǐ n) is rich in Kibo, hanging springs and waterfalls, and waterfalls (shǐ). In the meantime, it is magnificent and interesting.
Notes; 1 absolutely? T (y ǐ n): Very high mountain peak. Absolutely, extremely; ? T, mountain peak
2 fly. Flight diarrhea
3 wash (sh).
Fourth, they are referring to Chipper.
Rong Qing Junmao: clear water, lush trees, high mountains and lush grass.
Good: Really, indeed.
There are many grotesque ancient cypresses on the extremely high mountain peak, from which hanging springs and waterfalls fly down. Clear water, lush trees, high mountains and lush grass are really interesting.
Original: At the beginning of every sunny day, in first frost, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes howling, which leads to sadness, and the empty valley spreads and the sadness turns to leisurely.
Notes; 1 Early frost on sunny days: clear autumn rain, frosty morning.
Sue: Silence
3 genera: continuous type; Introduction: expansion
4 rings: echo
5 laps: the same "one", the sound is tortuous.
6 Unique: Disappearing
Every autumn rain or the morning in first frost, Chu Qing, the Woods and mountain streams are cold and silent, and there are often some high-altitude apes calling in a long voice. Crying continuously, the tone is bleak and weird. There was an echo in the empty valley, which was sad and euphemistic, and it took a long time to disappear.
Original text: Therefore, the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes crow three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts.
Notes; 1 Therefore: So
Fisherman: A fisherman.
Three tones: several tones. Three doesn't mean the exact number.
So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the ape cries three times and tears his clothes!" "
Wuxia is the longest in the Three Gorges in Badong. My clothes were wet with tears after an ape sang a few times.
Li Daoyuan Three Gorges Original Text and Translation
Original text:
The Three Gorges, 700 Li, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, and there is no gap. Rocks piled up like mountains, blocking the sun and the sky. I haven't seen the rising moon since midnight in the pavilion.
As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick. (retrospective:)
In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. Absolutely? T Kibo, hanging springs and waterfalls are everywhere. In the meantime, it is magnificent and interesting. (? T writing: shan xian)
At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes cry three times!"
Translation:
Between 700 miles of the Three Gorges, there are continuous mountains on both sides, without interruption at all; Overlapping cliffs block the sky and the sun. If it weren't for midnight, even the sun and the moon couldn't be seen.
In summer, when the water rises, the river overflows the mountains, and the descending or ascending ships are blocked and unable to sail. Sometimes the emperor's orders need urgent communication. At this time, as long as you leave Baidicheng in the morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening, there is 1200 Li in the middle. Even if you ride a Mercedes-Benz horse and drive a high wind, you are not as fast as it.
In spring and winter, you can see white rapids and spinning clear waves. The green pool reflects the shadows of all kinds of scenery. There are many strange cypress trees growing on the extremely high peaks, and there are hanging springs and waterfalls between the peaks. Clear water, brilliant trees, high mountains and lush grass are really interesting.
In autumn, every morning in Chu Qing or first frost, the Woods and mountains are cool and quiet. There are often high apes chirping with long voices, which are continuous and very desolate and strange. There is an echo of the ape singing in the empty valley, which is mournful and tactfully lingering for a long time. Therefore, the Three Gorges fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, the apes crow three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."
Li Daoyuan's Historical Story
Li Daoyuan, Fan Yang (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province) was an outstanding geographer and writer in ancient China. Li Daoyuan was born in an official family for generations, and his father Li Fan was an outstanding official in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He has served as the secretariat of Qingzhou and the right post of Shangshu, with titles ranging from baron, viscount to duke. Daoyuan went to work with his father when he was young. After his father's death, he inherited the title of Taiwei, Shi, Chief Shangshu of Jizhou Town East House, Yingzhou Taishou, Luyang Taishou, East Jingzhou Secretariat, Henan Yin, Huangmen Assistant, Shizhong, Shangshu, etc. When he was appointed as Guan Yu's ambassador, he was victimized by the secretariat.
In his later years, Li Daoyuan wrote 40 volumes of Notes on Water Classics, which is a geographical masterpiece with great Gao Wenxue value. Due to the brevity of historical records, there is little information about Li Daoyuan's life story. Neither Wei Shu nor Li Daoyuan's History of the North contains the date of birth and death, so the important issues of Li Daoyuan's life have not been well solved. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many people have studied Zhu, but there is no systematic discussion on his author, so that his date of birth and death is still a mystery. In fact, finding out the date of birth and death of Li Daoyuan is closely related to studying his life experience, thoughts and academics. However, not many people have worked hard on this issue. At present, in all kinds of dictionaries, monographs, biographies and newspapers, when referring to Li's birth year, a question mark should be put on it. Of course, academic circles also have different views.
One theory is that Yang Shoujing believed that Daoyuan died in the second year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (526), at the age of 42, and was born in the ninth year of Taihe (485) (see Notes on Water Classics). Another way of saying this is that Li Daoyuan's father, Fan Lisheng, was born in the early years of the Northern Wei Dynasty (428), and the man got married at the age of 30, and he was born in 10, thus inferring that Debut Yuan was born in the first year of Huang Xing (467) (Preface to Sydney in Dingshan collected by the Central Institute of History and Language, 65438+). There is another saying that Daoyuan was born in the sixth year of Taiping or the first year of Xing (466-467). If Li Fan worked in the second year of Taihe (478) to the twelfth year of Taihe (488), it is inferred that Daoyuan was born in the sixth year of Taiping or the first year of Xing (466-467), and if he was born in about ten years, he was born in the early year of Yan (about 472). There is also a saying that Daoyuan was born in the third year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (469) (Japan published "World History" in 23 volumes on 1955).
Zhao Zhen's belief in the above statement is almost conclusive in academic circles, and it is adopted by Li Daoyuan's students in domestic public publications every year, such as Ci Hai: Li Daoyuan (466 or 472); Huang explained in Selected Readings of Ancient Geographical Masterpieces in China: "As for the year when Daoyuan was born, there is no clear record in history. It is inferred that he died at the age of 56 or 62 in the sixth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (465) or the second year of Yan Xing (472). " Until 1980, Zhao Yongfu published a textual research on the birth year of Li Daoyuan (a special issue of historical geography in Fudan Journal), and put forward different views.
It is wrong for Yang Shoujing to claim that Daoyuan died at the age of 42 and extrapolate his date of birth to the ninth year of Taihe. According to the water classics. Notes on the River: Daoyuan said that he was a businessman in the 18th year of Taihe (494) and traveled north with Gaozu. According to Yang, Yuan was born in the ninth year of Taihe at the age of 10, which is obviously incorrect. Ding Shan's theory is originally a speculative word with weak arguments. Zhao Zhenxin's theoretical basis is mainly the time when Li Fan became the secretariat of Qingzhou. However, according to its textual research, Li Fan may have been the secretariat of Qingzhou for more than 10 years. Considering that the estimation of Daoyuan's total angle will be different, Li Daoyuan's birth year will be more different and the conclusion is not accurate enough. This paper makes textual research on the person who served as Qingzhou secretariat in the 23rd year of Taihe, and thus determines that Li Fan served as Qingzhou secretariat from the 8th year of Taihe (484) to the 12th year of Taihe (488), which is seven or eight years shorter than Zhao Zhenxin's statement. In addition, the age of Li Daoyuan's total angle (the ancient name for underage children) is demonstrated. Juyang Water Note: "The first male is in harmony, making Zhenhai wear it, and the rest is in the year of the general angle, serving Dongzhou until the summer heat, waiting for leisure, playing the piano to make friends, playing entertainment forever, looking for waves in bamboo shoots, ignoring the waves in the forest, and playing piano songs." At this time, Daoyuan was a teenager, and the total angle of Daoyuan in Yang Shoujing was 65438+. According to the water classics. Water Notes, Shu Wei. Biography of Mu Mu, etc. When Daoyuan was appointed as the ancestral temple of Shangshu, he traveled to the northern suburbs with Yidu Muyi for about fourteen years in Taihe. At the age of 65,438+05, Li Daoyuan seemed to be working in Li Fan at the beginning of Qingzhou. For example, in the fifteenth year of Taihe, Daoyuan was not yet an adult at the end of his tenure in Qingzhou, and it was impossible to serve as the ancestor of Shangshu. According to the above, Li Fan served as the secretariat of Qingzhou during the period of eight to twelve years in Taihe. For example, Daoyuan Taihe was 65,438+05 years old in eight years, so he was born in Huangxing four years (about 470). This statement puts forward the exact date of Li Daoyuan's birth, which is unprecedented in the past. However, whether Zhao Zhenxin's decades-old traditional view can be overthrown still needs academic recognition. Some people don't agree to infer the birth year of Li Daoyuan with the total angle year. Chen Qiaoyi pointed out in the article Li Daoyuan (biographies of geographers in China, Shandong Education Press): When was Li Daoyuan born? There is no record in history. Because the word "total angle" refers to childhood, there is no exact quantitative concept, so it is impossible to calculate his birth age. Many essays have always quoted this passage (according to the Water Classic Note quoted above). "Giant Ocean Water Note" contains the materials of Li Daoyuan's "Total Angle Year")
It is not reliable to speculate on Li Daoyuan's date of birth. Although the author did not put forward when Li Daoyuan was born, it is obvious that he does not agree with the view inferred from the above statement. Therefore, before the discovery of new materials, it is not easy to put forward with conclusive evidence that is more in line with Li Shengnian's actual situation and really uncover the mystery of 1500 years ago.
Brief introduction of Li Daoyuan
1, Introduction to Li Daoyuan
Li Daoyuan (about 470-527) was born in Zhuoxian County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province), a famous geographer and writer in China, and the son of General Pingdong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the secretariat of Qingzhou and Hou Haofan in Yongning.
Li Daoyuan's former residence is in Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province.
Among Li Daoyuan's five brothers, Daoyuan is the leader. He inherited the post of Yongning Hou from his father. Xiaochang was killed in Guanzhong (now Linzhang County, Shaanxi Province) in the third year of Northern Wei Dynasty (527). Li Daoyuan was born in a bureaucratic family, and his father Li Fan was young and promising. During the Taizu period, he worked in the East Palace and later became an outstanding strategist with outstanding talents. He was a general in Pingtung and a secretariat in Qingzhou. Li Daoyuan also served as a central official in Pingcheng (the capital of the early Northern Wei Dynasty, now Datong City, Shanxi Province) and Luoyang (the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to the south here in 493 AD), and served as a local official for many times. He also served as a long-established East in Jizhou Town (now Jixian County, Hebei Province) and Luyang County (now Henan Province).
In the first half of Li Daoyuan's life, the Northern Wei Dynasty was in its heyday. In 439 AD, after the Northern Wei Emperor Mao unified the North, the national strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty became stronger and stronger after many emperors, such as Xianwen and Wencheng, vigorously governed the country, and the active reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Li Daoyuan also followed Emperor Xiaowen and others to realize the great cause of reunification. However, after the death of Emperor Xiaowen, 500 years of domestic contradictions in the Northern Wei Dynasty began to rise again and gradually declined. By 527, six towns rebelled and the four sides were in turmoil. In the eventful autumn of the country, Li Daoyuan was generously martyred. Lonely geese are singing in the sky, and birds are singing in Qinshan. The meteor flashed and a generation of heroes fell.
2. Li Daoyuan, who is rigorous and realistic.
(1) Li Daoyuan was "cautious in enforcing the law" and "famous for being tough and fierce" during his official career, so he was quite a strongman and feared by the royal family. In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 527), while Li Daoyuan was on his way to Guanju, Xiao Baoyu, the secretariat of Yongzhou, was encouraged by King Runan and sent people to besiege Li Daoyuan and his party in Yinpan Post Office (now east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). The pavilion is on the mountain and there is no water to eat. After digging more than ten feet of wells, there is still no water. Finally exhausted, he was killed with his younger brother Li Daojun and his two sons.
(2) Li Daoyuan first analyzed and studied all kinds of information obtained, and then personally conducted field visits and adopted a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts. For example, according to ancient books, Zhi Bo, a big noble of the State of Jin, said at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period: "Fenshui can flood Duanyi, Wang Wei, and crimson water can flood Pingyang, the capital of Hanwang." Li Daoyuan is skeptical about this. He personally inspected the two rivers and found that the river bed with water diversion was high, and Anyi was in a low-lying place on the east coast, which might be submerged by water diversion. Pingyang is higher than the bed of the crimson river, so crimson water will never drown Pingyang. According to various records, he corrected the mistake of mistaking Jianshui for deep water in the Notes on Shuijing. Li Daoyuan's rigorous and realistic attitude is enough to become a model for modern researchers.
The pattern of Shui Jing Zhu is magnificent, which is based on the territory of the Western Han Dynasty and involves many foreign regions at that time, including India, Indo-China Peninsula and parts of the Korean Peninsula, and the coverage area has exceeded that of predecessors. In time, from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Li Daoyuan systematically integrated rich natural geography and human geography into a broad space-time framework, and Water Mirror Zhu Can can be said to be the first comprehensive geographical work centered on water system in China. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many scholars made extensive and in-depth research on Zhu Jin and set off a so-called dispute.
3. Literary contribution
Li Daoyuan was born in an official family, and his father Li Fan was the secretariat of Qingzhou. In the eighteenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (494), he became Shang Shulang. Later, he served as the satrap of Yingchuan, the secretariat of East Jingzhou, and the assistant general of suggestion. It seems that he has achieved something in politics all his life. When Xiao Chang was an official right ambassador for three years, he was killed by the Yongzhou secretariat Xiao in Yinpan (near Xilintong today) Li Daoyuan Post Station. Li Daoyuan is diligent in reading and writing. "Wei Shu" volume 89 said: "Dao Yuan is eager to learn and read strange books." He wrote and annotated 40 volumes of water mirrors, 13 local chronicles, 7 dating and other articles, all of which have been published in the world. "However, except the Water Mirror Notes, all the works are dead.
Li Daoyuan has been fond of sightseeing since he was a teenager. When he was in Qingzhou with his father, he once traveled all over Shandong with his friends. I have been to many places since I became an official. Every time I go to a place, I have to visit the local places of interest, pay attention to the current and topography, trace back to the source, read a lot of geographical works in my spare time, and gradually accumulate rich geographical knowledge. Throughout his life, he made a lot of investigations, textual research and research on China's physical geography, and wrote a great geographical work-Notes on Water Classics, which made great contributions to China's ancient geographical science.