Emergency thirst quenching in the complete strategy of field survival
In the early spring in the north, drill a small hole 3 ~ 4 cm deep on the birch stem and insert a thin tube (made of birch bark). The juice flowing into the container through this small hole can reach 1 ~ 2 liters every night. Birch juice will ferment quickly in the air, so it should be drunk immediately.
The rattan with a shoulder pole in the dense forest of the southwest frontier is named after its shape like a shoulder pole. It is a perennial plant, usually wrapped around the trunk. The rattan is about 5 ~ 6 meters long, with gray surface and dark green leaves, which are about 3 ~ 4 cm wide and oval, slightly thicker than ordinary leaves. After cutting off the vines, you can see the broken marks of small tendons, and soon there will be fresh water to drink. Dai hunters living in Xishuangbanna usually go into the mountains without a kettle and rely on the clear water in this natural kettle to quench their thirst.
There is also a kind of water storage bamboo in the tropical jungle. This kind of bamboo generally grows on both sides of the ravine, with a diameter of about 10 cm, green and straight, and bamboo joints are about 50 cm long. When choosing bamboo to find water, you should shake the bamboo pole first and listen to whether there is water in it. You don't have to cut bamboo without water. In addition, check whether there are insect eyes on the appearance of bamboo joints, and the water in bamboo joints with insect eyes cannot be drunk. The way to draw water is to cut a hole at one end of the bamboo joint and pour the water into a bowl, or cut a thin bamboo tube and insert it into the bamboo tube for suction. The water in the bamboo joint is very sanitary and has a faint bamboo fragrance. Our border guards are called "vertical cold springs".
If you can't find plants to quench your thirst, there is an extremely simple way to get water. Brian Kawaji, an Australian pilot, once hung a plastic bag on a branch and tied it tightly. The water evaporated from the leaves will be collected in the bag. The hotter the weather, the greater the evaporation, and the more water you get. In this way, the daily intake of water can reach about 65438 0 liters. You can also collect dew with plastic sheets. During the period from midnight to dawn, the temperature drops gradually, and the water in the air condenses into dew and sticks to the ground or plants. In the morning, you can quench your thirst by putting plastic sheets under the grass and shaking the grass to let the dew drop by drop.
In the case of water shortage, we should drink water reasonably. Don't drink water at first, or just moisten your mouth and throat. Of course, don't be thirsty, so as to avoid dehydration symptoms. If you want to drink water properly, you must adopt the method of "a small amount and many times". The experiment shows that: 1000 ml of water is drunk once, and 380 ml is excreted through urine; If you drink 10 times, 80 ml each time, only 80 ~ 90 ml of urine will be excreted, and the water will be fully utilized in the body. Drinking no more than 500 ~ 600 ml of water every morning and evening will not have harmful effects on human body within 5 ~ 6 days.
When there is really no water, urinating in an emergency can quench your thirst. In fact, urine is not dirty, just because psychological effects are always difficult to swallow. If possible, you can make a filter, make a small hole in the bottom of the bamboo tube, and put pebbles, sand, soil and broken charcoal in turn. When urine is excreted here, filtered water will flow out from under the small hole.
Purification of drinking water in the wild As the saying goes, "People can go without eating for a day, but they can't go without drinking water for a day". It can be seen that people are very aware of the importance of water to human survival. However, unclean water often contains some pathogenic substances, such as dysentery, typhoid fever, schistosomiasis, leeches, cholera and other toxic bacteria, rotten precious stems and leaves, dead bodies and feces of insects, birds and animals, and some may also contain heavy metal salts or toxic minerals. So when you find water when you are extremely thirsty, you'd better not rush to binge drink. You should purify and disinfect the water source according to the environmental conditions at that time to avoid drinking water poisoning or getting sick.
There are several simple and feasible methods to purify and disinfect the found water source.
1. When you find floating foreign bodies in the water source or the water quality is unclear, you can dig a pit with a depth of about 50 ~ 80 cm and a diameter of about 1 m 3 ~ 5 meters outside the water source, so that water can naturally seep out from the cracks of sand, stone and soil. Then, gently take out the oozing water and put it into a water storage container such as a box or a basin. Note: Do not stir the bottom of the pit.
Second, when the water you find is turbid, there are foreign bodies floating, microorganisms or worms and leech larvae. Moreover, the environment around the water source is not suitable for digging holes. You can find a plastic bag (good quality, not easy to break) to puncture some small holes in the bottom, or use cotton gloves, handkerchiefs, socks, sleeves, trouser legs, etc. Or you can use a coke bottle, remove the bottom of the bottle, turn it upside down, and then stick a few small holes in the bottle cap with a knife. Then fill in 5-7 layers of clean fine sand, carbon powder, fine sand, carbon powder and fine sand with a thickness of 2-4cm from bottom to top, compact, slowly pour unclean water into a self-made simple filter, and collect the filtered clean water with a basin or kettle when the water overflows below the filter. If you are not satisfied with the filtered water quality, make a simple filter and filter the filtered water again, and you will be satisfied.
3. Collect the found water into a water storage container such as a basin or pot, add a small amount of alum or kapok branches and leaves (mashed), cactus (mashed) and elm bark (mashed), stir evenly in the water for 30 minutes, gently scoop up the clear water on the upper layer, and do not stir the precipitated turbid water, so as to get cleaner water.
Generally speaking, in addition to spring water and well water (underground deep wells), whether it is river water, lake water, stream water, snow water, rain water, dew, etc. Or the water obtained by infiltration, filtration and precipitation is best disinfected before drinking. So, how to disinfect? The method is as follows:
1. Put the water purification tablet into a water storage container, stir and shake it, let it stand for a few minutes, then drink it, and pour it into a pot for storage. In general, one lotion tablet can disinfect 1 liter of water, and two tablets can be used if the water quality is turbid. At present, all field armies use this method to disinfect water.
2. If there is no water purification tablet, you can disinfect the water with medical iodine instead of water purification tablet. In pure water, drop 3-4 drops of iodine into each liter of water. If the water is turbid, double the iodine. After stirring and shaking, let it stand for a period of time, and it can be drunk after 20 ~ 30 minutes, or it can be reserved for use.
3, the use of chlorite, that is, bleach, can also play a role in disinfection. In purified water, three or four drops of bleach per liter of water will double the turbidity of water. Shake well and let stand for 30 minutes, then drink or set aside. It's just that the water smells like bleach, so be careful not to drink the precipitated turbidity together.
4. If none of the above disinfectants are available, and you happen to have picnic vinegar with you (white vinegar will do), you can also disinfect the water. Pour some vinegar juice into pure water, stir well, and let it stand for 30 minutes before drinking. It's just the sour taste of vinegar in water.
5. When the altitude is not too high (below 2500 meters above sea level) and there is kindling, boiling water for 5 minutes is also a good water disinfection method, which is simple and practical. This method is often used to disinfect rivers, lakes, streams, rainwater, dew and snow water to meet the needs of drinking water and cooking.
6. If you are looking for salt water, boil it with pepper grass and water. Although this can't remove the original bitterness, it can prevent abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. If there are heavy metal salts or toxic minerals in the water, boil it with strong tea and water, and don't drink the last sediment.
At present, there is a drinking water purification straw, which is very practical in the field. It is shaped like a thick pen. The water it purifies is sterile, non-toxic, tasteless and does not contain any impurities. You can drink it without boiling. It's very light.
There are also some imported water purifiers, which are small in size and effective, and can filter out drinkable pure water from turbid liquid.
In addition, we should remind friends that in the case of insufficient drinking water, we must arrange drinking water reasonably, and don't drink too much water for temporary thirst. In addition, drinking water should be scientific in field work or exploration. If you drink enough at one time, the body will excrete excess water after absorption, which will waste a lot of water. If you only drink one or two glasses at a time, then swallow it slowly, and then take a sip when you feel thirsty later, so that repeated drinking water can not only make your body fully absorb the water you drink, but also solve the dryness of your mouth and throat. A standard kettle (0-9) of water, using the correct drinking method, can make a single soldier keep exercising for 6-8 hours, even longer.