The main varieties of jujube.
Maternal consumption of brown sugar boiled jujube, or boiled jujube into millet porridge and glutinous rice porridge, can greatly accelerate the recovery of the body. Like jujube nectar, it can artificially breastfeed babies, which can not only help them develop, but also sterilize and protect their teeth. It also has good curative effect on constipation, keratitis and corneal ulcer. At the same time, it also has the functions of soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen, clearing away heart fire and moistening lung, nourishing blood and caring skin, regulating middle energizer and benefiting qi.
Fresh dates are eaten raw, sweet and crisp; Dried and eaten raw, tender meat is warm and mellow, sweet as honey, and has excellent flavor; Soaked in white wine, it is made into drunken jujube, which is also quite flavored and can eliminate phlegm and reduce fire. After various processing, it can also be made into delicious traditional sweet and sticky foods, such as jujube zongzi, jujube sticky cake, jujube cut cake, jujube flower cake, dragon roll cake, jujube pot cake, fried cake, daily Laba cake and Laba porridge, which are all popular foods.
nutritive value
Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jinsi has bright color, rich nuts, continuous golden thread, delicious nectar and rich nutrition. Known as a natural "vitamin pill", it is a good nourishing food. Jujube contains 70-80% sugar and is rich in vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Has effects in relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, promoting tissue regeneration, invigorating spleen, moistening lung, enhancing immunity, and lowering cholesterol. Jujube can be processed into candied dates, candied dates, drinks and other nutritious foods. Compendium of Materia Medica records: "Dried jujube moistens the heart and lungs, relieves cough, tonifies the five internal organs, cures fatigue, and eliminates gastrointestinal addiction". Wudi county has a long history of planting jujube, which has a history of more than 2300 years. Jujube-grain intercropping is one million mu, and its quality and yield rank first in China. Known as "the first county of jujube in China", it enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
history
Jujube is a famous specialty in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. Jujube cultivation in Cangzhou has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, farmers benefited from jujube trees. Qingxian, Dacheng, Cangxian, Hejian, xian county, Botou, Yanshan, Haixing and other counties are rich in red dates. Cangzhou Jinsixiaozao has become a treasure in China jujube with its unique flavor, among which Xiaoxinzhuang variety in Qingxian County has the best taste and shape. According to legend, in the autumn of 1737, Emperor Qianlong went hunting in Cangzhou, passing by xian county, and saw jujube trees swaying along the road with numerous fruits. His face lit up at once and he stepped forward to pick dates. When it was opened, the gold wire shone and was as sweet as honey in his mouth. He said happily: "Cangzhou has been a barren land since ancient times, but the golden jujube tastes particularly good." Is it so fresh? "
plant
There are more than 20 varieties of Zizyphus jujuba. Among them, big and long, big and small four varieties, accounting for 99%. In the result tree, 4.4% is over 100, 30% is from 50 to 100, 57.6% is from 15 to 50, and 8% is below 15. According to the survey, there are several jujube trees in Cangzhou that are more than one thousand years old. There is a jujube tree in Wanghuitou, Cangxian County, 1000 years old. This jujube tree has a bust of1.8m, a height of 7.4m, a branch length of 5.6m from north to south and a length of 6.2m from east to west.
Before liberation, due to the invasion of war and natural disasters, the area of jujube trees in the whole region was only 6.5438+0.4 million mu. After liberation, the people's government attached great importance to the development of jujube trees under the leadership of the China Production Party. Especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, jujube intercropping has been vigorously promoted, and the planting area of jujube trees has increased even faster, reaching 2.47 million mu in 1996, with a total output of1/50,000 kg. Among them, Cangxian has a planting area of 760,000 mu and an annual output of 44 million kilograms.
Cangxian County is one of the key counties for centralized jujube cultivation, which is concentrated in Gao Chuan, Yancun, Huangdipu, Dusheng, Cuierzhuang, Daguan Pavilion, Shilou, Dachu Village, Vision Wei and Zhifangtou, west of Heilonggang River, accounting for 95% of the county's planting area. There are 633 10 mu of cultivated land, 318,000 plants planted in Gao Chuan township, with jujube planting area of 1985 and jujube planting area of12,720 mu.
196 has grown to more than 20,000 mu, with 50,000 mu of jujube and grain intercropping, accounting for 33% of the land area, with an annual output of 4,500 tons of jujube.
The intercropping area of jujube and grain in the city is 2.47 million mu, with an annual output of about 220 million Jin. Jinsixiaozao is famous at home and abroad for its thin skin, small core, high sugar content, rich nutrition, plump and tender meat and sweet taste. Golden jujube is crisp and sweet. Every 100g fresh jujube contains more than 500mg of vitamins, and dried jujube is sweet, with sugar content as high as 70-80%. It is also rich in protein, fat, crude fiber, inorganic salts, phosphorus, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, iodine, nicotinic acid and vitamin A. Jujube has always been regarded as a traditional excellent tonic, and it is said that "three dates can last a long time." Golden jujube can not only be eaten raw, but also be used to make various traditional sweet and sticky foods, such as jujube flower cake, jujube palm, jujube sticky cake, jujube cut cake, dragon roll cake, Changchun cake and so on. It can also be processed into candied dates, sugar dates, drunken dates, bird dates, crisp dates, jujube tea, jujube juice, jujube jelly, jujube wine, jujube champagne, jujube sauce, jujube cans and so on.
Jinsixiaozao is famous at home and abroad for its thin skin, small core, thick meat and rich nutrition. It sells well in more than 20 countries and regions such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Britain, France, the United States, New Zealand, Switzerland, Canada, Hong Kong and Macao.
Cangzhou jujube has a long history of cultivation. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, farmers benefited from jujube trees. Cangxian, Hejian, xian county, Botou, Yanshan, Haixing and other counties are rich in red dates. Ziziphus jujuba originated in Dacheng County, Hebei Province, and is one of the best varieties of jujube resources in China, enjoying a high reputation at home and abroad. According to historical records, Dacheng Jinzizao has a long history of cultivation, with an annual output of more than 4.2 million kilograms. Jujube is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins A, C, P, fruit acid and other nutrients. Dacheng Jinsixiaozao is the first geographical indication certification trademark born in Langfang.
Chinese medicine believes that jujube has the medicinal effects of benefiting the heart and moistening the lungs, harmonizing the spleen and strengthening the stomach, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production, nourishing blood and calming the nerves, beauty beauty, regulating various medicines, and detoxifying and helping the twelve meridians.
Modern medical research has proved that Zizyphus jujuba has a good effect on anemia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, acute and chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Zizyphus jujuba Mill. also has indispensable nutrients for hematopoiesis. Triterpenoids have strong inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Regular consumption of jujube has anti-gastrointestinal and liver malignant tumors.
Golden jujube has a long history of planting. With the adjustment of agricultural structure, the planting area of jujube trees has expanded rapidly. The planting area of jujube in the county is137,400 mu, with 32,000 mu of fruit-bearing jujube trees and 8 million kilograms of jujube output, which are sold all over the country, Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Jujube/KLOC-0 produced in Dacheng County was recognized as non-toxic and pollution-free green food by the National Green Food Testing Center in 1997, and was recognized as a famous product by the first Agricultural Fair of Hebei Province.
Golden jujube in Dacheng County is mainly distributed in five towns in the south, such as Tan Li Town, Liugezhuang Town, Quancun Town, Zangtun Township and Daguan 'an Township. Dacheng Jinsixiaozao has a long history of cultivation, which began in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties and flourished in contemporary times. Over the years, the county party committee and government have regarded red dates as a pillar industry to strengthen the county and enrich the people. By 2007, the area of red dates in the county reached 204,000 mu, with an annual output of 38,000 tons. The production area of pollution-free jujube certified by Hebei pollution-free management office is 654.38+ 10,000 mu. In order to further promote the construction of "Hometown of Jujube", Dacheng County has repeatedly hired provincial and municipal forestry experts to give lectures on science and technology, which has accelerated the conversion rate of science and technology and information. Take effective forms such as "Samos Conon" and on-site training, organize technicians to go deep into villages and streets for guidance and solve various problems encountered in mass production. Led by Dacheng County Forestry Bureau, the majority of fruit farmers and some large fruit producers spontaneously organized and established Dacheng County Forestry and Fruit Industry Federation, with more than 600 members, involving more than 40 villages and streets in 8 towns including Tan Li Town, Quancun Village and Liugezhuang Town, so as to guide farmers to take the road of high-quality fruit production. General situation of planting
Wudi County, Shandong Province has a long history of cultivating jujube trees, which began in Xia and Shang Dynasties and flourished in Tang Dynasty. It is known as the "jujube capital of China". The area of jujube trees in the county is 1, 654,380+0.5 million mu, and there are 37.4 million jujube trees, including 23.6 million small jujube trees and 0.3 million winter jujube trees. The jujube farmers' intercropping garden is basically realized, and jujube trees are covered on suitable jujube gardens, and jujube trees are densely planted per capita 1 mu. The area of jujube trees and the output of jujube fruits rank first in the country's jujube-producing counties (cities), and it was named "Chinese jujube town" by the State Forestry Administration in August of 200 1 year. In 2002, it won the gold medal of the National Jujube Expo, and in 2003, it was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine as the "National Standardization Demonstration Zone for Agricultural Products Exporting Golden Jujube and Winter Jujube". In 2005, it passed the acceptance of AQSIQ. In 2003, it was rated as "pollution-free agricultural products" in Shandong Province and "pollution-free agricultural products" by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2004. Wudi Jinsixiaozao is famous at home and abroad for its special climatic conditions, geographical location and unique quality. In 2005, Wudi Jinsixiaozao was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine as a "geographical indication protection product".
In August of 200 1 year, it was named "the hometown of red dates in China" by the State Forestry Administration. Wudi Jinsixiaozao is well-known at home and abroad for its special climatic conditions, geographical location and unique quality, and won the gold medal at the 2002 National Jujube Expo.
Wudi County is located in the northernmost part of Shandong Province, on the southwest bank of Bohai Sea. The county belongs to the continental climate of the East Asian monsoon region in the north temperate zone. It is characterized by hot and rainy summer, long and cold winter, windy and dry spring and mild and cool autumn. The annual average temperature is about 65438 02℃, which is suitable for jujube growth.
business development
With the development of jujube production, Wudi County has established Shandong Wande Wine Co., Ltd., Shandong Approximate Food Co., Ltd., Wudi Boutique Jujube Products Co., Ltd., Wudi Li Hao Food Co., Ltd. and other large-scale jujube products processing leading enterprises, and developed and produced white wine represented by jujube stick wine, fruit wine represented by "China Approximate Jujube Wine" and drinks represented by "Approximate Jujube Juice" and "Approximate Honey Jujube". Among them, 3 products won Shandong famous brand products, 5 products won awards at home and abroad, and 4 products filled the domestic gap. The annual production capacity is 6.5438+0.8 million tons, exported to more than 30 countries and regions such as Japan, South Korea, France, the United States, Hong Kong and Australia, with an annual output value of 270 million yuan and foreign exchange earning of 6.5438+0.46 million US dollars. history
Jujube cultivation in Laoling, Shandong Province began in the Spring and Autumn Period, flourished in Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 3,000 years. The earliest written records can be found in the Book of Songs, including the poem "Peeling Jujube in August". "The Warring States Policy" also contains a statement made by Su Qin, a military strategist, when lobbying the six countries: "There are dates and chestnuts in the north. Although the people are not cultivated by the fields, jujube chestnuts are enough for the people. " In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Book of Qi Yao Min written by Jia Sixie, the prefect of Levin, recorded that "Qingzhou has Xerox dates, with many tendons and fine stones, and many pastes, ranking first in the world." The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of the development of Leling jujube. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the state began to formulate policies to develop fruit trees. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne, he issued a notice: "... develop dates and persimmons, which can be sold in good years and eaten as food in bad years, supervised by officials, and offenders will be punished". Due to the attention of emperors and generals and the hard work of working people, Leling jujube has developed by leaps and bounds. By the Qing Dynasty, Leling had been called a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Wu Taipang, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a beautiful sentence in "Looking at the Night in Leling City": "In June, the fresh lotus meets the water, and a thousand dates shoot the clouds red." In the early years of the Republic of China, jujube production continued to develop. 1993 The book Jujube and Jujube Processing written by Chen Lu contains: "Leling, jujube trees cover an area of 39,554 mu, bearing trees152,600, and 356,000 tons of dried dates."
1937, after the July 7th Incident broke out, the Japanese invaders trampled on the land of Leling, and a large area of jujube forest was destroyed, resulting in a sharp drop in output. By 1943, the output of dried dates was only 50,000 tons, which was less than 300,000 tons before the incident. Jinsixiaozao is a famous jujube tree variety in Leling. When the jujube is half dry, you can clearly see the continuous filaments composed of sugar, pectin and other ingredients, stretching for one or two inches, shining under the sunlight, thus having the reputation of golden jujube. Jujube fruit has various shapes, among which oval, oblong and inverted oval are the best. It has the characteristics of rich nutrition, thin skin and thick muscle, delicate gravy, bright red color, sweet and refreshing.
produce
After the founding of New China, the Party and people's government paid special attention to the recovery and development of jujube production, and scientists and technicians outside the State Council often went to Leling for scientific research and guidance. 1February, 965, Li Xiannian, Vice Premier of the State Council, inspected Laoling and gave important instructions on jujube production. 1June, 990, Li Xiannian, then chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, wrote an inscription for Leling, "Strive to build a new socialist countryside according to local conditions". From 65438 to 0995, the Leling Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government formulated the strategy of "implementing the jujube project, building a million acres of jujube forest and building the largest jujube commodity production base in China" to enrich the people. 20 million new jujube trees were developed, 5.8 million inferior jujube trees were improved, 6.5438+0.28 million winter jujube trees were grafted and 2 million seedless jujube trees were planted. The total number of jujube trees has grown to 25 million, including 6 million jujube trees, with an annual output of 78,000 tons of dried jujube. All the million acres of suitable jujube land in the city have been intercropped with jujube and grain, and Zhuji Town, one of the main producing areas, has become the largest "Hundred Jujube Garden Tourist Area" in the city. Millions of acres of jujube forest is the largest and only Millennium artificial fruit forest in China. 300,000 mu of jujube forest tourist area has been developed, which is lush. During the period when more than 100 villages are dotted, the country roads are winding and rugged in the jujube forest, which has a unique interest. Leling golden jujube is "full of treasures", and jujube meat, jujube skin, jujube core and jujube juice all have high utilization value. Besides being used as food, it can also be widely used in the field of medicine. Only 20% of Leling jujube is used for deep processing and 80% is sold directly. The available resources are very rich. In scientific research, processing, marketing and other aspects, the potential value of jujube is far from being tapped, and there is still a lot of room for development. Leling relies on Zhuji, Chengguan, Shuangmiao Zhao and other old jujube areas to build a 300,000-mu jujube garden tourist area. In the tourist area, such scenic spots as "Gan Long Yuci Zaowang Monument", "Zimushu" and "Hundred Jujube Garden" have been built 15. Laying 6 * * * tourist routes for 56.8 kilometers; Completed the transformation of towns and villages along the tourist area, effectively optimizing the tourism environment.
In summer and autumn, jujube trees are reflected in the sun, and celebrities in past dynasties have many praises. The ancients said that "fresh lotus flowers meet the water in June, and thousands of miles of jujube shoot red clouds", and that "the world is full of golden fruits, and celebrities in ancient and modern times are high", also known as "jujube sea", which appropriately describes the beauty of natural scenery of 10,000 mu of jujube forest and the unique quality of Leling jujube. Being in jujube forest is like being in a fairyland, which is refreshing and unforgettable. Ten thousand mu of jujube forest has more than ten scenic spots, such as Li Xiannian Inscription Monument, Hundred Jujube Garden, Mother and Son Tree, Jieyi Garden, Zaolin Youjing, Zaolin Sightseeing Tower, etc., and it is the national "hometown of golden jujube" memorial garden.
honour
100 In March, 1995, the first batch of100 China characteristic towns were named as the organizing committee of publicity activities, and Leling City was named as "the hometown of golden dates in China". Shandong Qingyun golden jujube is one of the traditional specialties of Qingyun. Its cultivation began in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, flourished in Wei and Jin Dynasties, flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and flourished today. A 1600-year-old jujube tree located in Zhouyin village of the city is still green and red today; There are nearly 1,000 jujube trees that are hundreds of years old, concentrated in Zhou Yin, Chengjia, Bianjia, Deng Jia, Yao Jia and Fangzi villages.
After thousands of years of cultivation and breeding, there are more than 30 jujube varieties in China. The County Forestry Bureau cooperated with the Provincial Fruit Tree Research Institute to successfully cultivate Xinjinxiaozao 1, 2, 3 and 4, which has the remarkable characteristics of big head, thin skin, high sugar content and no need to crack fruit, and is favored by domestic and foreign merchants, and has built the largest new variety of Jinxiaozao in China.
Golden jujube has good quality, thin skin and many tendons, and the gravy is multi-core and small color, which is sweet and crisp. It dries in the lower half of the sun, and after breaking, the filaments are golden and elongated by an inch or two. Ziziphus jujuba contains 64.4-69.2% sugar, 18 kinds of amino acids needed by human body. Every100g of fresh jujube contains c380-600 mg of vitamin C, which is apple, grape, iron and trace parsley. With high nutritional value, it is a treasure for nourishing blood, beautifying face and prolonging life. According to the records of the old county annals in Qing Dynasty, jujube was widely sold in this county. South of Yueyang Bridge on Gumajia River, jujube forest is dense, which is the place where jujube merchants gather and the distribution center of Qingyun jujube. Jujube business is booming here, and there are many shops, hence the name of Xinglongdian Village. The county party committee and government listed jujube production as one of the three leading industries in the county. 1993, they put forward the development goal of "striving to realize the jujube garden in Qingyun in three years". With the joint efforts of the cadres and the masses in the county, the production of jujube in the county has made a historic breakthrough, and the per capita possession of jujube trees in the county has reached 40, making it the first jujube garden county in the country.
From June, 5438 to February, 2004, the State Forestry Administration announced the third batch of "Hometown of Famous and Excellent Economic Forests in China", and Qingyun County was named "Hometown of Golden Jujube in China". Zhanhua County is a famous hometown of red dates in Shandong Province, which is rich in golden jujube and enjoys a long-standing reputation at home and abroad. It is the same clan as the "Leling Golden Jujube" in different places, and the quality is similar. Its output is more than 1 times that of Dongling. Golden jujube is beautiful in color, with large core and thin skin and thick flesh. The fresh food is crispy and delicious, and the sweet juice is splashed; Dry eating gold thread is sticky and sweet. Jujube is rich in nutrition, which is a good tonic and can also be used as medicine. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Jujube is sweet and non-toxic, which can calm heart evil, strengthen spleen and stomach, dredge nine orifices and help the twelve meridians ..."