The Original Text and Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden
Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden and its Appreciation 1 Original
During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it, and the grass is delicious and colorful. Fishermen are very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor.
If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.
Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yunzu escaped from the Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and did not return, so he was separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh. The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory."
Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And the county, Yi Taishou, said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost.
Liu Ziji, a noble family, heard about it and gladly did it. If you fail, you will find the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.
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In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Wuling man who took fishing as his profession. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly I met a peach blossom forest. Peach trees grow on both sides of a stream hundreds of steps away. There are no other trees in the middle. Flowers and plants are bright and beautiful, and flowers fall one after another. The fisherman was surprised at the beautiful scenery. Go further and want to walk through Taolin.
Taolin disappeared where the stream originated, and then I saw a mountain with a small hole, which seemed to have light. The fisherman left the boat and got in through the hole. At first, the hole was very narrow, and only one person could pass through. After dozens of steps, it suddenly became open and bright. The land here is flat and open, the houses are clean and tidy, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees and bamboo. The path in the field is intertwined, and the crowing of chickens and dogs can be heard from village to village. People there come and go to farm and work, and men and women dress exactly like the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden. Old people and children are carefree, happy and happy.
People in Taoyuan were surprised to see the fisherman and asked him where he came from. The fisherman gave him a detailed answer. He invited fishermen to his home and cooked them with wine to kill chickens. When people in the village heard that there was such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. They themselves said that the ancestors of the previous generation came to this isolated place with their wives, children and fellow villagers to avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out again, thus being isolated from the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden. They asked what dynasty it was, but they didn't know that there had been the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties. One by one, the fisherman told them what he knew in detail, and those people sighed. Others invited fishermen to their homes, and they all took out plum wine and meals to entertain them. The fisherman stayed here for a few days and left. People here told him: "The situation here is not worth telling the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden."
The fisherman has come out, found his boat, and went back along the old road, marking everywhere along the way. Back in Wuling county, I went to visit the satrap and reported these situations. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the mark he had made earlier, but he got lost and couldn't find his way again.
Liu Ziji, Nanyang people, nobles and celebrities. When he heard this, he happily planned to go. Didn't come true, and soon died of illness. Since then, no one has asked for directions to visit (Peach Blossom Garden).
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Poem of Peach Blossom Garden vividly depicts a beautiful social picture in which everyone lives and works in peace and contentment, without a monarch or imperial tax, and expresses the poet's infinite yearning for this ideal society. There are 32 sentences in the whole poem, which contains true feelings in narration and description, and is sent to plain nature, guiding readers to wander around Taoyuan Wonderland and find it refreshing. As far as the artistic structure of poetry is concerned, the first six sentences are the source, the middle eighteen sentences are the core, and the last eight sentences are the aftertaste.
The first six sentences describe the reasons why Taoyuan people avoid chaos and live in seclusion, showing deep respect between the lines. "In the chaos of the Yuan family, sages avoid the world." At the beginning, these two poems always lead the whole article, which is meaningful: saints avoid the world and hide, and crimes are tyrannical in defeating Qin. In other words, any sage will not agree with any social justice that is not obvious and moral decline.
Adhering to the above poems, "Huang Qi Shangshan, Iraqis also died. Go back and go, come in vain. " These four poems extend to a higher level, comparing the famous sage "Four Nobles" at the end of the Qin Dynasty with the predecessors of Taoyuan people, greatly admiring the latter's "coming to this desperate place and not returning, so he was isolated from outsiders", while continuing to live in seclusion here for his descendants, "I don't know how to have a Han, no matter Wei and Jin Dynasties" is particularly amazing. It is a miracle to be able to avoid chaos and live in seclusion, which has been unknown to outsiders for a long time, and I don't know what kind of paradise the outside world is. And how did the Taoyuan people who created this miracle live? How beautiful is their living environment?
The next eighteen sentences, "The Fate of Four Farms", vividly describe the new world opened by Taoyuan people and lead readers into an unheard-of and unseen fairy realm. Here, food is sown on time, and everyone works hard, "work at sunrise and rest at sunset", encouraging each other and living in harmony. Therefore, "there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees." What is especially envied by future generations is that the labor income is obviously their own: "Spring silkworms collect silk, and autumn silkworms pay taxes." Dressed here in sacrificial clothes, the ancient customs of the pre-Qin dynasty still exist; The environment is peaceful, only the sound of chickens and dogs can be heard. Here, year after year, spring and autumn are happy regardless of children.
These slowly introduced poems are just like documentaries, and pictures of customs and the four seasons of Peach Blossom Garden are presented to the audience in turn. At first glance, it seems unremarkable; Think about it, how can this happen on earth? Everyone works, everyone is equal, there is no monarch, and there is no fraud. Peach Blossom Garden is not only an ideal society pursued by Tao Yuanming, but also a fairyland on earth dreamed of by many people with lofty ideals in ancient times. This wonderland of natural harmony, beauty and tranquility is in sharp contrast with the ugly reality of decadence, hypocrisy, tyranny and conflict at that time.
The last eight sentences are implicit and meaningful, with a long aftertaste. "Strange traces have been hidden for five hundred years, once the sacred world is opened. Thin and thin are different sources, and they are still hidden. " In contrast, these four poems set off the long-hidden Taoyuan Wonderland like an elusive and fleeting fairy cave, which is particularly intriguing. The more I hate the dark and dirty real world, the more I yearn for the bright and clean Taoyuan Wonderland.
Following the above poems, the last four poems fly high in the sky with exclusive artistic means, driving the breeze, showing the poet's infinite yearning for those like-minded friends in Taoyuan Wonderland. Excluding secular people, Tao Yuanming and the Peach Blossom Garden he created are more elegant.
Interpretation and appreciation of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden Chapter II
This is a fictional novel, poem and literary work, which is used to entrust the author's social ideal. It depicts a picture of a paradise without war, self-sufficiency, intimate knowledge and happiness for all ages. Although such a society could not exist at that time, it revealed the author's dissatisfaction and denial of the real society, and also reflected the wishes of farmers at that time to some extent. The full-text narrative is euphemistic and tortuous, with distinct levels, simple and natural language and picturesque scenery. Although not true, it shows a picture of an ancient oriental "utopia" by artistic means.
During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren made a living by fishing and walked along the stream, forgetting the distance of the journey. Suddenly meet the peach blossom forest and catch the shore for hundreds of steps [4]. There are no miscellaneous trees in it, and the grass is delicious and colorful [5]. Fishermen are very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor.
When the forest is short of water, there are mountains. The mountain has a small mouth, as if there is light; Give up the boat and enter from the mouth. It was very narrow at first, and it could only pass through people [6]. After a few steps, it suddenly became clear. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. Building traffic [7], chickens and dogs hear each other. Among them, men and women are planted, and they are called outsiders [8]; Yellow hair hanging low [9], you are happy. Seeing the fisherman is a big surprise; Ask questions and answer them. To return to China [10], kill the chicken with wine. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yunzu avoided the chaos of Qin Dynasty and led his wife to this desperate situation [1 1], he never came back. So I separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh. The rest went home [12] and ate and drank. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory."
Once out, get the boat, and then help to the road [13], everywhere [14]. And under the county [15], Yi Taishou also said so [16]. The satrap sent someone to follow him, looking for what he wanted, and then he lost his way. Nanyang Liu Ziji [17], Gao Shang's also, after hearing about this matter, gladly counted it [18]. Failed, finally found the disease [19]. After that, no one cares [20].
In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Wuling man who took fishing as his profession. One day, he rowed along a stream and forgot the distance of the road. Suddenly I came across a peach blossom forest. There were hundreds of steps on both sides of the stream, and there were no other trees in it. The grass on the ground is fresh and beautiful, with peach petals everywhere. The fisherman was very surprised. Go on, want to walk through this peach blossom forest.
The end of the peach blossom forest is the birthplace of the stream. When you go there, you will find a mountain. There is a small hole in the mountain, which seems to have light; The fisherman left the boat and got in through the hole. When I first entered, the hole was very narrow and only one person could pass through. I took dozens of steps forward, and suddenly I was suddenly enlightened. Inside, the land is flat and open, the houses are arranged neatly, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees and bamboo. The roads in the field are intertwined, and you can hear the crowing of chickens and dogs. People in the Peach Blossom Garden communicate, farm and work, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside. Suitable for all ages, happy. They were surprised when they saw the fisherman. Asked where he came from, the fishermen all answered. They invited fishermen to their homes, prepared wine to kill chickens, and treated them warmly. When the villagers heard that there was such a person, they all came to inquire about the outside world. They said that their ancestors came to this isolated place with their wives, children and fellow villagers to escape the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out again. So I was cut off from the outside world. I asked the fishermen which dynasty they belonged to, but they didn't know there was a Han dynasty, let alone a Wei dynasty and a A Jin dynasty. The fisherman described in detail what he knew, and they all lamented. Others also invited fishermen to their homes and served them wine and food. After living for a few days, the fisherman wanted to leave and go back. People in the Peach Blossom Garden said to him, "You don't have to tell outsiders about things here."
After the fisherman came out, he found his boat and went back along the old road, marking everywhere. When I got to the county, I went to see the satrap and told him how I got into the Peach Blossom Garden. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow the fisherman to find the mark he had made before, but he got lost and couldn't find the original road. Liu Ziji, a noble hermit, was glad to plan a visit after hearing the news. But it didn't happen, and soon he fell ill and died. I can't find anyone anymore.
To annotate ...
[1] Taiyuan: the year number of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (Sima Yao) (376-396). The age here is false. [2] Wuling: County name. The county is now Changde County, Hunan Province. [3] Edge: along. [4] Sandwiched between banks: both sides. [5] Falling English: Falling Flowers. [6] Only one person can pass: only one person can pass. [7] Mo Qian: A field path. North and South weigh money, while East and West weigh mo. [8] Outsider: refers to people outside the Peach Blossom Garden. [9] Yellow hair: refers to the elderly. The old man turned pale and yellow, so he called him. Bow (tiáo): refers to children. The children hung up their hair as decorations. [10] If you are invited, please. [1 1] Yi people: fellow villagers. Despair: refers to a place isolated from the outside world. [12] extension: invitation. [13] fu: along. Direction: The old road refers to the road when you came. [14] record: marking. [15] Xiaxian: refers to Wuling County Administration. Yi: Goodbye. Taishou: the "chief" of the county. [17] Nanyang: county name. The county seat is now Nanyang City, Henan Province. Liu Ziji: He is a hermit with a good reputation. He likes to travel around the mountains and enjoy water (see The Book of Jin, Seclusion). [18] [19] Search: Soon. [20] Ask for directions. Refers to visiting. Tianjin; Ferry.
Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden and its appreciation and translation in the third chapter
During the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a man in Wuling who made a living by fishing. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly, I found a peach forest. There are no other trees in the middle within a few hundred steps on both sides of the stream. The grass is bright and beautiful, and there are many fallen flowers on the ground. Fishermen feel very strange about this. I walked on, trying to reach the end of the forest. At the end of Taolin is the source of the stream, and the fisherman found a hill. ......
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Through the description of the peaceful, happy, free and equal life in Peach Blossom Garden, it shows the author's ideal of pursuing a better life and his dissatisfaction with real life. At the beginning of the article, the beautiful and quiet peach blossom forest, with "lush grass and blooming flowers", foreshadows a simple and natural world. There, everything is so simple and beautiful, there is no tax, no war, no fame and intrigue.
Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden and its Appreciation and Translation in Chapter Four
During the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a man in Wuling who made a living by fishing. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly, I found a peach forest. There are no other trees in the middle within a few hundred steps on both sides of the stream. Flowers and plants are fresh and beautiful, and there are many fallen flowers on the ground. The fisherman was very surprised by this. I walked on, trying to reach the end of the forest.
The end of Taolin is the source of the stream. The fisherman found a hill with a small hole, which seemed to be lit. The fisherman gave up the boat and got in through the hole. At first, the cave was very narrow, allowing only one person to pass through; After dozens of steps, it suddenly became open and bright. There are flat and wide land, rows of neat houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, bamboo forests and other plants. The path in the field is intertwined, and the cock crows and dogs bark one after another. People who come and go in the fields to farm and work, men and women wear the same clothes as people outside. The old man and the children are very happy and have a good time.
When the villagers saw the fisherman, they were very surprised and asked him where he came from. The fisherman answered everything he knew in detail. The villagers invited the fisherman to their home, treated him to drink and killed the chicken to cook. When people in the village heard about such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. They themselves said that their ancestors brought their wives, children and neighbors to this isolated place in order to avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out from here again, so they cut off contact with people outside the Peach Blossom Garden. People here asked what dynasty it was, but they didn't know there was a Han dynasty, let alone Wei and Jin dynasties. The fisherman told them everything he knew in detail. After listening, everyone sighed. The rest invited the fisherman to their own home and treated him with food and wine. After staying for a few days, the fisherman said goodbye to the villagers. People in the village told him: "(The situation here) is not worth telling people outside Taohuayuan."
After (the fisherman) came out, he found his boat and went back the same way, marking everywhere. He went to the county, visited the satrap and told the story. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the marks he had made before, and finally got lost and couldn't find the way to the Peach Blossom Garden.
There is a man named Liu Ziji in Nanyang, who is a noble scholar. Hearing the news, he happily planned to go to Taohuayuan. But it didn't happen, and he soon died of illness. Since then, no one has been to the Peach Blossom Garden.
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Tao Yuanming writes poems, and is good at sketching. His style is economical and his language is natural. Peach Blossom Garden also has this artistic style. Although it is a fictional fairyland, writing in a virtual scene by using realistic techniques gives people a sense of reality, as if there is a real person. The full text takes the whereabouts of Wuling fishermen as the main line, and describes three stories like novels: fishing in the stream, Taoyuan fairyland and getting lost again. The first paragraph vividly reveals a series of psychological activities of Wuling fishermen with four connected words: forgetting, meeting, being different and wanting to be poor. The word "forget" means that he is bent on fishing instead of calculating the distance, and it also implies that he has gone far. It focuses on one and forgets the rest of the mental state, which is similar to the wonderful situation of "Xu Xing does not remember the depth of the mountain". "Sudden Meeting" and "Very Different" take care of each other, writing their amazing expressions of accidentally seeing the peach blossom forest, and also highlighting the beautiful scenery of the peach blossom forest. The phrase "lush grass and colorful English" is a wonderful pen to write about the scenery. Colorful, beautiful scenery, as if there are bursts of fragrance overflowing from the pen, beautiful language, handy. The second paragraph first describes the discovery of fairyland in a few words. "When the water is exhausted, you will get mountains", pointing out that you have reached a secluded place; "The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light", suggesting that this is an unusual place to go. The fisherman's searching eyes and anxious mood are also reflected. After passing through the narrow passage, I wrote "suddenly enlightened", which has a deep charm. After entering Taoyuan Wonderland, first write down the land, houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, buildings, crows and dogs barking, and everything you see and hear is vivid. Then, from far to near, from scenery to people, it describes the farming, clothing and life of Taoyuan characters, and depicts an ideal picture of pastoral life. Finally, the scene of Taoyuan people meeting fishermen changed from "panic" to "questioning", from warm hospitality to parting advice, which was written sincerely and full of rich flavor of life. In the third paragraph, it is written that the fisherman is "determined everywhere" on his way back along the road, suggesting that he intends to start again. "I am a satrap, I say so", which is contrary to the advice of Taoyuan people that "the humanity of outsiders is not enough for humanity of outsiders". The satrap's "no way out" and the failure of Liu Ziji's plan are all deliberate plots. I finally found a fairyland, but it was secretly written that Taoyuan people didn't want to be "outsiders" anymore. For Taoyuan Wonderland, secular people have nothing to look for and no longer care about, but Tao Yuanming himself has never stopped pursuing it. At the end of Peach Blossom Garden Poetry, he revealed his wish to "whisper softly and ask me out". He regards Peach Blossom Garden as a like-minded friend and earnestly hopes to live in Peach Blossom Garden with him.
Tao Yuanming's successful use of the technique of virtual scene writing makes people feel that Taoyuan Wonderland is real, which shows his superb artistic talent in narrative scenery writing. However, the artistic achievements and charm of Peach Blossom Garden don't stop there, and Tao Yuanming doesn't just want people to confirm its real existence. Therefore, while writing virtual scenes, there are also virtual things in reality, leaving several seemingly empty topics, which make people try their best to guess and find no answers. The persuasion of Taoyuan people and the plot of "no more roads" and "no more rules" arranged at the end of the story are illusory and confusing, which is the most intriguing of these topics. What it implies to the world is that it seems to be in the world, not in the world, not in the world, and can only be obtained unintentionally, not intentionally. It seems to have some subtle internal connection with "there is a real meaning in it, and I forgot what I wanted to say". This mysterious area has always been covered with a mysterious veil, and it is difficult for the world to reveal that "it is difficult to ask the alchemist and it is difficult to predict the hubbub." Its opening and closing, the gains and losses of fishermen, are the eternal mysteries deliberately left by Tao Yuanming, "provoked the poet to talk today." However, he also revealed a little news in the poem of Peach Blossom Garden, saying that "once the gods bloom" is "seclusion" because "plain and different sources"! It turns out that Taoyuan is simple and secular, lest it "turn Wuling into a place of contention" (Su Shi's Preface to Peach Blossom Garden Poetry). This piece of pure land has been defiled, and even a noble like Liu Ziji will not have a chance to see the fairyland.
The story of Taohuayuan is similar to other fairyland stories, describing a beautiful fairyland. However, it should be emphasized that the ideal model provided by Tao Yuanming has its particularity: in fact, ordinary people, a group of asylum seekers, rather than immortals, live there, but they retain some natural innocence more than the world; Their peace, tranquility and happiness are all obtained through their own labor. Many ancient fairy tales are about immortality and treasure. There is neither immortality nor treasure in the Peach Blossom Garden, only a scene of farming. At the beginning of his retirement, Tao Yuanming only thought about his personal advance and retreat. When he wrote Peach Blossom Spring, he was not limited to individuals, but thought about the way out of the whole society and the happiness of the broad masses of people. This step of Tao Yuanming is related to years of hardships and poor life experiences. Although the Peach Blossom Garden is just an illusion and the author's ideal society, it is commendable to put forward this illusion.
The artistic conception of this paper is exquisite, taking the whereabouts of Wuling fisherman as a clue to link reality with ideal realm. The combination of reality and reality is also one of its characteristics. Added a sense of mystery. The language is vivid, concise, meaningful and seemingly understated, but the description in it makes the scenery vivid and fascinating. The content of the article is detailed and slightly focused.