Interpretation and appreciation of Lu Jiuyuan's ZaShuo
The construction of the emperor's extreme, the theory of righteousness, the dispute between right and wrong, is not easy to die. Extremely, it is rooted in people's hearts and fills the world. If you live in your room and say good things, you should respond thousands of miles away; If you say something bad, it will be violated thousands of miles away. Right and wrong, can be false!
Although the spirit of the Miao people has been used, it is natural when they are Yao people. Sticking to the end without dignity is a leap into three dangers. After several decades, Yu was appointed as a tax teacher. It can be said that the husband is a saint of Yao and Shun, who came to the world one after another. 90% of Xiao Shao, the wind comes and the instrument goes, stupid and arrogant. Don't let all the dances be finished after 70 years, but if it involves disrespect for self-cultivation, it will violate the principle of adaptation, and there is almost no permission here. Since Hou Ji, Zhou has a long history, sharing the world with the kings of Wu, Tai and He, but the stubborn business people and even the third world have been transformed. Is it alone that the sky is with people? Miao's stubbornness to Tang Yu and Shang's stubbornness to Cheng Zhou can all be attributed to widowhood. Hometown, the owner is evil, and everyone takes pleasure in it. Yang Mo, initiated by Mencius, returned what he said. Master has been a disciple for a long time, but Yan Yuan is eager to learn. There is no doubt that Ceng Zi is the only one who follows Confucius' theory. The master didn't, but Xia Zi's son Zhang Nai wanted to be strong. Since the master can't compare with his disciples and Ceng Zi can't compare with his friends, the existence of Tao is also lonely. Ho ho! The determination of right and wrong lies in its light, not in its darkness, and the number of people is uncertain. The Miao nationality was unqualified, the merchants were undecided, the countryside was unknown, Yang Mo did not belong to Confucianism, and the disciple of Zhang, the son's wanderer, failed to restrain himself and reciprocate. How can he talk in private? The most reasonable ones are the so-called bad guys, the so-called unknown people and the wrong people. Miao people's personality, business people's transformation, their native land knows their right and wrong, Yang Mo belongs to Confucianism, a disciple of Zhang, a son's wanderer, and self-denial and courtesy for one day, which is clear from right and wrong. It is reasonable to exist in the world. However, if you don't enlighten it with foresight, you will be too solid and not dark. Therefore, it is more common that you can only make sense if you are clear, and you can judge the right or wrong of the world if you are not clear. Its good and bad are pure, madam, you can know. People are not the most holy and stupid, sometimes they are not the most Thai and the least, and they are not pure. If a thing is impure, its size, background, weight, quantity, appearance and interior, concealment, premature death, long-term proximity, dramatic change, luck and misfortune, who can distinguish it unless it is clear? Some people are good at this, from the biggest to the heaviest, they should be respected by their teachers, but they are not good, their kindness is not good, their things are not good, the world can't distinguish them, but they think they are wrong and punish them. Isn't it a pity?
Right and wrong thoughts are in an instant. If you think about what is wrong, you can know it in an instant, that is, you can be right. If you think something is right, you will lose it in an instant, that is, it is wrong. It's all in his heart The Book says: "Only saints are crazy without thinking, but this madness is sacred." However, if you think too much, there are those who can point it out and those who can't. Nowadays, people have the ability to insult others' hearts slowly, and the colors and words of insulting slowly can be pointed out. There is also insulting others' hearts slowly, which is false respect. If the words are solemn, then you can't point fingers. It is true that you are affectionate and handsome, and that you are arrogant and guilty. What can be traced is superficial. You can't point fingers, but the most profound thing is. If you must judge people by their signs, it is not enough to know them. If people are bound by their own footprints, it is not enough to save them. Those who don't just think about the wrong things are in the form, not in the form. Although what they think is right, they also have wrong things. Invisible things have also changed; There are good ones and bad ones. Such as Bigan's loyalty, such as Ji Zi's madness and his infidelity. Such as Ceng Zi's filial piety. If Shun gets married without telling, it is not unfilial. This is the change of things, you can't watch it. For example, if puffed up offended his father, it should be blamed on the good guy, and this guy is a mixed bag. If the whole country is called unfilial, then you can't see arrogance. Mencius saw that he was good and bad, so he traveled with him and treated him with courtesy. Ordinary people can't know these places, and it's not enough. There are two strangers in the world, such as Lao Quan to Wang Linchuan [5 1] and Dongpo to Mr. Yichuan [52].
Yao Shun, King Wen, Confucius, four saints, and saints are also the most prosperous. The description of Yao and Shun in the Second Code [53], the description of King Wen in the Book of Songs, and the description of Confucius in The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean are different. Sincerely make saints, born from time to time, learn from the same clan, use the same dynasty. Can their temperament [54] and virtue be the same? For the same person, Yu Yi Tang Wu is the same. The door of the master, but Yan had his biography. Taking Yan Zi as a wise man, Confucius still said "endless" and Mencius said "concrete and subtle". Ceng Zi looked at this in fear. However, Yan Zeng's way is solid, and the sage is the same. Fett [55] Yan used to be with saints, although other disciples were born with saints. He was not only a disciple at that time, although later sages and saints were born the same. Scholar-officials not only have the wisdom of being with saints, but also people with land area [56] have not lost their conscience [57], but they were born with saints when they followed their brothers and handled things. There is no room for strong disagreement when it comes to the same person. However, the vast knowledge of Tao [58] has a long history, and the people who get from Tao are different for a long time, while the long and short people win and the gains and losses coexist. This distinction between small, wide, narrow, shallow, deep, high and low also distinguishes the contemporary grades. ……
If there is nothing to cover [59], there will be no poverty [60]. If you are sheltered, you will be poor. Learning must be everything before it can be done.
If you don't learn from your teachers and friends, being too mysterious can make you better than Yi.
If you are in the Tao and you want to disappear, art can also enter. If you concentrate on art, you will want to prosper [6 1] while the Tao will die and art will not progress.
If you use Tao to control your desires, you will be happy and never get tired. If you want to forget the Tao, you will be confused and unhappy.
There are careerists, careerists, comrades and dissidents. Watching chickens swim [62], you can tell the story, watching apes [63] and watching tigers [64] can talk about the story. I am humble, ambitious, strong, heavy and considerate.
Everywhere, the past is the present. The universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe. Thousands of years ago, saints came out, and they had the same reason. Thousands of generations later, saints came out and they felt the same way. There are saints in the southeast and northwest seas, and I feel the same way What Shang Tong said in modern times is very wrong. What's the reason? Is it different? Ancient sages, Taoist comrades and salt [65] have a virtue that they can work together. However, those who are different cannot be treated rationally. Although the master is a saint, he said, "I didn't come back to help me" and "I was enlightened to negotiate". He said, "I will never get tired of studying." Shun said, "Be your enemy." His name is Yao Yue: "Give up yourself and follow others, but only the emperor." Therefore, not only Du Yu [68], but also Xu Xu [69]. A sincere gentleman cannot and will not hurt a gentleman. A sincere villain is a villain, although he can.
What is internal affairs in the universe. Doing your own thing is the business of the universe.
It is clear that people's hearts are full of spirit. Everyone has a heart, and this heart has a reason.
Sages are firm in their words, and the world is benevolent. Every sage is benevolent. Sages will do what they say, and those who say what they do in the world will do what they say. Words of saints, words of knowledge, words of the world, words of ignorance. If you know, you will be drowned [70]. If you don't know, you will drown.
Right [7 1] virtuous and left [72] capable, virtuous [73], artistic [74].
If it is clear, the shame is still worth it. If you don't know, it's still a shame. Those who are ashamed of what they have are sincere, and those who are ashamed of what they have lost are not sincere. Sages are ashamed of being expensive, and so are those who are ashamed of being expensive. If you are ashamed, you will stay, if you are ashamed, you will forget.
Begging for mercy, kindness, virtue, fame and shame.
Evil is pure and miscellaneous, turbidity is strong and weak.
Cai is in charge, his ambition remains unchanged, and his quality remains unchanged. When Brother Miao and Chong [75] fell, the sage changed their minds.
Later generations know its affairs but not its politics, and know its responsibilities in detail [76] in law rather than in people.
The size of scholars is mostly due to their knowledge. How can there be a scale without teaching children? Therefore, learning is necessary. People who can get out of it must be heroes. Rob [77] In the trend of the situation, this is wrong, but it is also reasonable.
The metaphor of Tao is water, and man is Tao. Analogy is hoof [78], sewage [79], rivers and seas. The sea is very big, but the four seas are wide and narrow, so it doesn't have to be neat. When it is water, the hoof is also water.
Ordinary people want wealth, while gentlemen want virtue. Shu Ren has virtue and can protect his body; Doctor Qing has virtue and can protect his family; Governors have virtue and can protect the country; The son of heaven has virtue and can protect the world. Wealth without virtue will only increase its excesses and aggravate the disaster the next day. Although we are rich today, how can we guarantee it for a long time? In addition, the monarch born to the people created Mu Si [80], so he is the monarch, so he is serving the people. The Book says: "Virtue [8 1] is good at governance, and politics is to support the people." Therefore, kind people support the people. You can't be kind, but gather money for it. This is to help you abuse the people and should be abandoned by gentlemen. During the Warring States Period, Qiang Bing, a rich country, invaded each other, fighting for the city, killing for the city, fighting for the land and killing for the wilderness, all of which were regrettable. Therefore, Mencius explained Confucius' words that eating human flesh at the speed of land should not be allowed to die. This inference is clear and broken: "Those who are good at fighting are punished, followed by those who are even governors, and those who are willing to land [83] are in the second place." At that time, Mencius preached the Tao of Yao and Shun, encouraged his monarch to cultivate virtue and kindness, and persuaded him to clarify his political punishment in his leisure time. He calls himself the King of Qi [85] and the ear of backhand [86]. If Mencius can be used, all the officials in the world want to stand in his court, all the cultivators want to farm in his field, all the businessmen want to hide in his city and all the people want to come back, so they are invincible in the world. This principle is clear and the effect can be achieved. At that time, the monarch [87] was self-righteous and didn't listen to what he said, but it was called pedantry [88], which was quite unknown.
[Note] Emperors' pole: refers to the highest criterion for emperors to rule the world. Yi Lun: Lun Chang. Easy and prosperous; Karen and Li. Caption: Ranked first. Yi: change, change. Plug: Full, overflowing. Miao: There are Miao, that is, Sanmiao, a tribe in the pre-Qin period. Spirit: the mental state of human beings refers to the ethics of Miao people who are not domesticated in the Central Plains. Catch: and, to. No personality: it means that Miao has the heart to correct mistakes. Be honest and upright. Run away: exile. Three dangers: According to legend, this ancient mountain is located in the west of China. Yuán: the modal particle at the beginning of a sentence. Go to the crusade. Go on, go on. 90% Xiao Shao: generally refers to beautiful and elegant music. Xiao Shao, Yu Shunshi's musical name; Ninety percent, nine chapters. Self-possession: Same as before. Dance: dance and performance; Damn it, shield. This refers to Dehua in particular. Violation: violation and inducement. Almost: probably. Zu ǐ n: Continuation and inheritance. X: Say. That is, the unfinished work of our predecessors. Pass the buck (wěi): Pass the buck and make excuses. Pioneering: criticism, criticism. Confucius: Confucius. Disciple: Accept students. No (mò): children "die". Yu: admonish and enlighten. Confucian cultivation methods. It means to restrain what you see, hear and say in order to reply and meet the requirements of "politeness": private opinion. Of biased opinions. About (b √): biased remarks. Deceptive, biased, and eccentric. Kuí: Measure and guess. Seamless: There is no gap. It means no doubt or blame. Darkness: ignorance is unknown. Hypothesis: Hypothesis. To Thai to No(pǐ):to, special; In Thai, Thai hexagrams are auspicious hexagrams for peace and smoothness; No, negative divination is an evil divination, which means that you are poor and embarrassed. Pawn: the end, the end. Drama: complex. Sui: All of them. Ji: Success. Punishment: warning. Laziness: the idea of not doing good. Mindfulness: Being able to think about good thoughts. Color: The expression on her face. ē (rē n): Cowardly and timid. Rope: Correct. Author: appear. Pretend: pretend, pretend. Travel to: make friends and communicate. Phase value: satisfied. Old Spring: Su Xun in Northern Song Dynasty. [5 1] Wang Linchuan: Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty. [52] Mr Yichuan: Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty. [53] Erdian: refers to Yao Dian and Shun Dian in Shangshu. [54] temperament: temperament. Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty called human innate qi qi. T: just, just. [56] Tian mu: generally refers to rural and pastoral areas. [57] extinction: extinction. [58] Full preparation: detailed and complete. [59] Cover: Being covered and hoodwinked. Poverty: Exhausted. Chi: Wang. [62] Bi (Zhi): Pig. [63] Yao tied up. [64] Starting point and boundary: imprisonment. [65] Salty: All, all. [66] Bi: Correction, correction. Krishnamurti: Yes. [68] Du Yu: Both words are affirmative interjections. [69] Xu Xu (fú): Both words are negative exclamations. [70] Drowning: Metaphorically, it is difficult to get out of a difficult situation. [7 1] Right: Advocacy. [72] Left: belittle. [73] Theory: noble and respectable. [74] Down: Low and humble. [75] Worship: refers to the worship of Hou Hu who framed the rebellion and was conquered by King Wen. [76] Detailed responsibilities: responsibilities and requirements; Detailed and complete. Robbery: coercion and coercion. [78] Hoof basin: The rain left by animal hooves is described as very little. [79] Sewage: Water stored in ponds and tributaries, which means less water. [80] Grazing: management and governance. [81] Wei: Modal particles. [82] Pity: boasting. [83] Grass clearing: Reclaiming wasteland. [84] Any land: Taxes are levied according to the fertility or barrenness of the land. [85] The King of Qi: The King of Dao was promoted through the State of Qi. [86] Backhand hitting is a piece of cake. [87] favoritism: obeying the customs at that time. Be partial to others. [88] pedantic: pedantic and unrealistic.
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[Appreciation] Miscellaneous meaning is colorful and complicated. This paper focuses on "miscellaneous" and is not eclectic; "Say" is about right and wrong, unconventional, which vividly embodies Lu Jiuyuan's free and easy personality of "eliminating punishment and cleaning up, making great efforts to govern" and artistically embodies the author's psychological wisdom of "cleaning up the spirit and making his own decisions" all his life.
Being brave in judging right and wrong and accurately distinguishing good from evil is an eternal topic in cultural undertakings and an unshakable pursuit in moral life. However, the trend of right and wrong behavior and the influence of good and evil words are not always clear and distinct.
In the long cultural history, the perfect moral ideal is often seriously challenged by stupidity and arrogance, so that it cannot exert its great function of civilization and enlightenment. Yao and Shun can be called an eternal sage, and his moral grace is well known all over the world. Miao people are arrogant and self-sufficient and have not become civilized. Dayu had no choice but to mobilize the masses and was ordered to crusade. Wu Wen is worthy of being a fairy, and "cultivating benevolence and accumulating virtue" has won the world. Businessmen are stubborn and have not reformed. Duke Zhou was helpless, and led the army to cross the river to quell the rebellion. It can be seen that the best and the worst get along, and civilization and darkness appear alternately, so that it is doomed to be a long and painful struggle for mankind to bid farewell to barbaric history.
In the debate between ideas and viewpoints, the scientific spirit of seeking truth is often attacked by heresy and heresy, so that it cannot show its lasting enlightenment and appeal. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius and Mencius described Yao and Shun, formulated civil and military policies, lived in chaos and thought about governance, and established the principles of benevolence, righteousness and morality for the unification of China culture. At that time, the monarch was keen on fighting and killing, and sneered at his theory as "pedantic", but strongly praised Yang Mo's narrow utilitarianism. Generally speaking, the specific boundary between truth and falsehood is extremely complicated. Because fallacy is good at grandstanding and satisfying immediate interests, people will "think it is right" and accept it with conviction. Truth criticism is impulsive because it doesn't understand the trend of the times, and people will "think wrong" and angrily persecute its "foresight". The confusion between truth and right and wrong is a contradiction and confusion that human beings must face when exploring truth.
Since there is no universal formula to judge good and evil in the progress of civilization, and there is no universal dogma to judge right and wrong in the development of science, the value balance to distinguish between good and evil in the world and between right and wrong in the world can only be designed in the moral conscience that regulates human activities and constructed in the labor practice of transforming the nature of heaven and earth.
The human heart is a complex thinking organ. As long as moral conscience is alive, we can consciously identify evil, good and evil in our thoughts and thinking activities. The ability of the mind to perceive good and evil and judge right and wrong is the moral essence of saints, Tessa and ordinary people. Everyone has a good heart and a will to pursue truth. The difference between the sages and the people is that their ability to judge right and wrong is large or small, and their level of perception of good and evil is high or low.
Everything in the world is the objective object of labor practice, and the universe is naturally the infinite realm of scientific exploration. Similar to human culture and its moral life, heaven and earth are naturally extremely complicated activities. The movement of the sky is different in years. The shape of the celestial body is "high in the north and low in the south", and the orbits of the sun and the moon cover each other. There is no pure perfection between heaven and earth; There is no absolute perfection in the universe. Therefore, people should not be arrogant and intoxicated with pure moral idealism. Don't stick to your own opinions and indulge in simple and utilitarian realism. As the essence of the sun and the moon and the soul of all things, human beings must be "strong, heavy and thoughtful", combine lofty moral ideals with lofty utilitarian goals, and resolutely fulfill their survival duties of promoting benevolence, righteousness and morality and ecological education for counselors with a calm heart of the universe and deep affection for sages.
"The sky is above, the earth is below, and people live in it. You must be an excellent person to be valuable. " Lu Jiuyuan thinks that human beings are noble creatures living between heaven and earth. Although he has nothing in common with animals, he can make continuous efforts to make progress with his unique cultural characteristics and master himself with his awakened moral spirit. Therefore, benevolence and morality naturally become the spiritual home for human beings to settle down and live. Richness and prosperity are only building materials necessary to create a spiritual home.
In order to become the masters of spiritual home, people must respect morality like gentlemen and carry forward benevolence and righteousness like saints. Otherwise, if people indulge themselves and kill each other like animals, the rational light of civilization will dissipate in the cruel contest between the strong and the weak, and the fire of moral emotion will be extinguished under the vagaries of fate. However, benevolence is, after all, the value norm of "it is too old to die". Carry out the principle of benevolence and righteousness, judge whether words and deeds are right or wrong, and human nature is full of scientific rationality; Cultivate moral character, distinguish good from evil, and human nature is full of kindness and affection. As long as the style of writing is colorful and mixed, reason and music blend, people can be chic and worthy of being human.