The answer to the road of Chinese reading
Shen yingjia
"Four Principles" of Transportation
Traffic engineering studies the relationship among people, vehicles and roads. There are "four principles" for traffic: First, traffic should be separated. Motor vehicles and bicycles, motor vehicles and pedestrians ... should be separated and go their separate ways. Second, the traffic should be continuous. We walked to the subway station and looked for a bus stop when we got out of the subway station. The traffic was discontinuous, which delayed the time. In London, England, the subway is under the hotel and the exit is under the airport. Third, the traffic is equally divided. Evacuate vehicles at crowded intersections to other intersections and road sections, stagger commuting time, and carry out night transportation. All of them can achieve "equal sharing". Fourth, the total traffic volume has decreased. There is a convincing picture: 100 people cross a section of the road and take cars, 100 cars occupy all the roads; 100 people changed to three medium-sized buses, occupying a small piece of road; 100 people take a bus and only need the road surface of one car. So as to achieve the purpose of reducing the total traffic volume and alleviating traffic congestion.
Traffic management science
Under the existing conditions, urban road traffic still has great potential to be tapped, which depends on the intervention of scientific management. For example, the traffic signal automatic control center in Beijing East District has been built. On the giant display screen, the traffic conditions of 39 intersections and 15 square kilometers in the East District can be seen at a glance. The computer sends instructions 3 million times per second, which improves the traffic capacity of vehicles in the eastern region by 20% and reduces the delay of motor vehicles and bicycles by 24% and 65,438+05%. At present, 53 intersections in the central area of Beijing have also achieved automatic control, and automatic control systems will also be built in the north, south and west areas to realize the unified management of Beijing traffic by a traffic control center.
From 65438 to 0992, "fake traffic policemen"-models made of solid materials-appeared in some accident-prone sections of China. By the time the express driver found out that the "traffic police" was fake, the speed had slowed down. From this example, setting up traffic signs scientifically and reasonably is also an effective measure to reduce road traffic accidents.
Road language concept
Where there is a road, there must be a road language. Road language refers to traffic markings, signs, traffic signs and traffic signals on roads, and also includes physical channelization facilities such as traffic islands, isolation belts and fences (a special "road language"). The traffic participants in the traffic society must also have the traffic language, that is, the road language, which is as easy to understand as the language in human society. It requires the traffic language to be more direct, simple and clear than the general language, and it also requires continuity (such as the marked distance of the expressway, etc.). ).
The standardization, perfection and scientification of road language is the most important symbol of the modernization of urban traffic management. Compared with foreign countries, it is a contradiction that there are few cars on urban roads in China, but what is more prominent is that there are too few road languages, which greatly affects the function and efficiency of existing traffic facilities.
Developing "Traffic Microcirculation"
"Traffic Microcirculation" refers to the hutongs, alleys, narrow streets, sidewalks and other roads outside the main road network. This kind of "traffic microcirculation" network can't attract people's attention because of narrow roads, complicated forms or difficult management. However, in view of the special situation of China city, the traffic microcirculation system between main roads is useful, so it is necessary to develop this virgin land.
Road language must enter the "traffic microcirculation", so as to dredge the microcirculation network and achieve the purpose of shunting the trunk road network. Plan and organize a one-way road network system consisting of hutongs and main roads, with unilateral parking in hutongs and fixed parking spaces. Use hutongs and alleys to disperse traffic by turning right, for example, if conditions permit, open bicycle lanes or small bus lanes that are continuous with buses. Eliminate physical obstacles and make the service road an unobstructed barrier-free service road.