What are the benefits of predicting the weather forecast for the people? Please give examples.
This is a huge naval battle. On November 14th, 1854, when the two sides fought fiercely in the Black Sea in Europe, a storm suddenly came, with the maximum wind speed exceeding 3m per second, which caused a great tide at sea, and nearly wiped out the British and French fleets. Afterwards, the British and French allied forces were still worried, and the French War Department asked Le Freire, director of the Paris Observatory in France, to study the ins and outs of the storm carefully. At that time, there was no telephone, but Le Freire wrote letters to astronomers and meteorologists from all over the world to collect local weather information during the five days from November 12 to 16, 1854. He received 25 letters in a flash. According to these data, Le Freire, after careful analysis, reasoning and judgment, found out that the Black Sea storm came from the vast Atlantic Ocean and swept across Europe from west to east. Two days before the accident, on November 12 and 13, Spain and France in western Europe had been affected by it. Le Freire looked at the erratic clouds in the sky, lost in thought: "This storm seems sudden on the surface, but in fact it has a process of development and movement. The telegraph has been invented. If there were weather stations along the Atlantic coast of Europe at that time, wouldn't it be possible to avoid heavy losses by telegraphing the storm to the British and French fleets in time? "
So, on March 19th, 1855, Le Freire made a report in the French Academy of Sciences, saying that if a network of weather stations was organized, the observation data were quickly concentrated in one place by telegraph, and analyzed and drawn into a weather map, it would be possible to infer the running path of future storms. Le Freire's unique idea has aroused strong repercussions in France and even around the world. People deeply realize that accurate weather prediction is not only beneficial to marching operations, but also of great benefit to industrial and agricultural production and daily life. Due to the needs of all aspects of society, under the active promotion of Le Freire, in 1856, France established the world's first formal weather forecast service system.
the birth history of weather forecast shows that meteorological conditions can affect the victory or defeat of local wars or campaigns, and because of the needs of wars, meteorological undertakings have been promoted and developed.
so, what is the weather forecast? Weather forecast is to predict the weather conditions in a certain period in the future according to the current and recent weather situation by applying the law of atmospheric change. It is based on the analysis of satellite cloud images and weather maps, combined with comprehensive research on meteorological data, terrain and seasonal characteristics, and mass experience. For example, the satellite cloud image of China's Central Meteorological Observatory was taken by the "Fengyun-1" meteorological satellite made in China. Using satellite cloud photos for analysis can improve the accuracy of weather forecast. Weather forecast is usually divided into three types: short-term weather forecast (2 ~ 3 days), medium-term weather forecast (4 ~ 9 days) and long-term weather forecast (more than 1 ~ 15 days). CCTV broadcasts mainly short-term weather forecasts every day.
the main contents of weather forecast are rain or shine, maximum and minimum temperature, wind direction and wind force and special disastrous weather in a region or city in the future. As far as China is concerned, the meteorological station can accurately predict the location and intensity of natural disasters such as cold wave, typhoon and rainstorm, which can directly serve industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. With the development of productive forces and the progress of science and technology, the scope of human activities has been expanded unprecedentedly, and its influence on nature has been increasing, so weather forecast has become an indispensable and important information in modern society.
Before the 16th century, people could only judge the change of weather or climate according to the astronomical phenomena observed by naked eyes. With the accumulation of scientific experience in observing the sky and measuring clouds, some prophetic cloudy phenomena were compiled into proverbs and circulated, such as "Don't go out at sunrise, travel thousands of miles at sunset" and "The sun is shining in the east and the rain is raining in the west". Today, these proverbs are still widely circulated in rural areas of China.
in the mid-17th century, Italian Torricelli invented the barometer, and meteorological observation entered the stage of application instruments. With the establishment of meteorological stations and the development of meteorological theory, a single-station forecasting method for forecasting future weather based on the evolution law of local meteorological data appeared.
more than p>1 years ago, with the advent of telegrams and sounding balloons, weather reports on the ground and in the sky could be transmitted and concentrated quickly, and weather maps appeared in Europe.
in the second half of 19th century, some scientists in Britain and France began to make weather forecasts by analyzing weather maps. In 1857, Dutch C. H. D. Buys Ballot discovered the law of wind pressure; From 1917 to 1928, the Norwegian Pieckness and his son and the Swedish Bejilong founded the theory of air mass and front; From 1937 to 1939, Rossby, an American Swede, founded the atmospheric long wave theory, which made the weather map forecasting method mature from shallow to deep.
Now, with the maturity of computer and space application technology, the scientific and technological level of weather forecasting has reached a higher level.
Reference: /7692/26/4/21/222@3132788.htm.