Qian Menglong's Reading Guidance Teaching
"Taking students as the main body" means that students are the main body of cognition and development in the teaching process, and they are practitioners with independent status and great cognitive potential. In the teaching process, students must play the main role and gain the initiative of "discovering truth", and the all-round development of personality and the formation of world outlook must also be realized by the main body.
"Teacher-oriented" means that teachers are in a leading and dominant position in the teaching process, and the leading and leading role of teachers can only be fully exerted through "guidance". Only with correct guidance can students become veritable subjects.
"Taking training as the main line", that is, the dominant position of students and the leading role of teachers in the teaching process, can only achieve harmony and unity when entering the "training process"; This kind of training characterized by two-way activities between teachers and students has become the "main line" in the teaching process. Other teaching methods are subordinate to and serve the training.
Subject, leading and main line are the dynamic balance and harmonious unity of various teaching factors in the teaching process. Qian Menglong pointed out that "students are the main body" is the premise of teaching, and it is important to make students "good at learning"; Teacher-oriented is the condition to strengthen students' dominant position, focusing on "good guidance"; However, students' good guidance can only be achieved through the scientific sequence of good practice, so "taking practice as the main line" is the inevitable destination of the interaction between "subject" and "leading". "Basic style" is the structural form of reading guidance teaching. The "basic style" is a basic course type, and its manifestation is "self-reading-teaching-reading-practicing-repeating", which is later called "four styles".
"Self-reading" is different from "preview" and is a training method aimed at cultivating students' autonomous reading ability in class. Autonomous reading is the embodiment of the concept of "students as the main body", but the success of autonomous reading can not be separated from the leading role of teachers. In the process of self-study training, there are roughly three kinds of teacher-student cooperation: one is to teach before reading; The second is to read before teaching; The third is to teach while reading or to read while teaching. Autonomous reading is a purposeful and planned training process, not students' free reading at will.
"Teaching reading" means teaching students to read by themselves. Teaching and reading are synchronized with self-reading, or teaching before reading or reading before teaching, or teaching while reading. The ultimate goal of reading teaching is to let students really learn to read by themselves, so as to achieve the realm of no need for teachers to teach again. Reading teaching embodies the leading role of teachers. However, only by strengthening students' dominant position can teachers fully and correctly play their leading role. In teaching and reading, teachers' leading roles are as follows: first, to stimulate students' interest in reading; Second, guide reading methods; Third, help students overcome difficulties in reading.
"Practice" means that students finish certain oral or written homework after learning a new lesson. Its purpose is to deepen the understanding of new knowledge, strengthen memory, and also to promote the transfer of knowledge.
Repetition is a form of reviewing reading training. Make several texts into a "repeating unit" to guide students to read, think, discuss and practice. It is not only "reviewing the past and knowing the new", but also "repeating reading". "Repetition unit" can overlap with "teaching unit", or another unit can be set up according to training needs. According to the purpose of training, there are roughly three kinds of repetition: one is repetition for the purpose of knowledge classification; Second, repeat reading for the purpose of comparing similarities and differences; The third is repeated reading for the purpose of discovering laws. 1, recitation exercises are helpful for reading, reciting and copying.
2. Digestive exercises include questions and answers, article hierarchy, article characteristics analysis, trying to figure out the author's ideas, rewriting and continuation in writing exercises.
3. Exercises based on applied knowledge, that is, migration exercises. This kind of exercises can be decomposed or integrated, from making sentences with one word to writing texts.
4. Evaluate the homework. Evaluation includes appreciation and comment.