Meet the appreciation of BT's teacher ... move back and forth (text is not) ....
Li Bai has two famous sayings: "Clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved." It is more appropriate to praise Gui Xi Ci with these two sentences.
During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the style of writing was brilliant. The appearance of Tao Yuanming is tantamount to sticking out a green branch among the flowers, and it seems that an unadorned pure girl is coming among the ladies with jewels and heavy makeup. Returning to and advocating nature is not only Tao Yuanming's life principle, but also his creative principle. However, it is not enough to realize this. Tao Yuanming doesn't look at mountains and rivers to please his eyes like ordinary people. He took rural natural scenery as his spiritual destination, saw through the corruption and darkness of officialdom and turned to nature. This kind of consciousness is bought with personality life, so he cherishes it all the more.
"Go back to Xi, will the countryside be Hu Bugui in history? Since the heart is the form of service, I am sad and sad? " On the surface, this sentence seems to be comforting yourself, but it is actually introspection. He wrote in the poem "Returning to the Garden": "I fell into the dust net for thirty years by mistake." What heavy language! What a heavy heart this is! "If you realize that the past has not been admonished, you can still chase those who know it. It's not far from being lost. I don't think today is yesterday. "On the surface, the poet is condemning himself for going the wrong way, but actually expressing his dissatisfaction with reality and criticizing the darkness of society. Driven by this anxious to return mood, a poet asked the boat to set sail quickly, hoping that it would light up quickly. When he saw his door, he ran home with joy. Although the language of this psychological description is not as delicate as the novel, it can give readers more imagination. Compared with officialdom, the scenery in the countryside is so refreshing. " Boys are welcome and children are waiting for the door. "Innocent children let the poet see purity and simplicity. We can imagine what the boy's servant is saying, what the child's voice is saying, and the beloved wife who does not appear. She probably didn't say a word, just leaned against Chai Fei and looked at her husband, or wore an apron and her hands were covered with flour and smiled affectionately at her husband! What a touching scene this is! Next, the poet wrote about the carefree feeling in the quadrangle. There are trails, pine chrysanthemums, wine lamps, pots and pavilions, which are free and unrestrained. How dark is the officialdom? There is no explanation in the poem, but does the beauty of the countryside not imply the abomination of officialdom? This is a kind of "dark contrast". There is no contrast in words, but the poet's heart is always in contrast. " Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds are tired of flying. "This is actually not a question of clouds and birds, but a question of the poet's heart. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented: "You can't say that unless you really have this situation in your heart. "
Reading "Gui Xi Ci" can't give people a relaxed feeling, because there is a sadness and helplessness behind the seemingly carefree poet. In essence, Tao Yuanming is not a pure hermit who only likes to travel around and doesn't care about current events. Although he said that "nature loves hills", his essence is to benefit society. When talking about Tao Yuanming, Mr. Lu Xun said, "It's poetry. In addition to the "leisurely view of Nanshan" praised by critics, there is also a "golden" style of "Jingwei holds a micro-wood, which will fill the sea and flourish", which proves that he is not in the clouds all day and all night. " Through the angry words of "please rest and never travel" and "the world is against me", we feel heavy.
Is the setting of "Gui Xi Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The preface was written in November, still in the middle of winter;" If it is a retrospective direct record, did you search for' wood is thriving' and' when everything is fine'? Did the farmer tell Yu Yichun that he would have something to do with Xichou or plant a stick to help him? It goes without saying that it is an imagination that has not returned to the past. " (See Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Tapping" 1225 ~ 1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first writing feature of this article is imagination. What the author writes is not the immediate scene, but the imaginary scene and the scene in his heart. So, what's the difference between writing the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you can be seen by your eyes. There are scenes before you and words behind you, which is consistent with the scene and focuses on taking pictures. The scene in your mind is the scene of creation. You can do whatever you want. When you follow your heart, there is not necessarily a scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It's just lyrical.
The language of this article is exquisite. Poetry is mainly composed of six sentences, including three, four, seven and eight-character sentences, which are catchy and melodious. The words "zhi", "one" and "two" in the sentence are soothing and elegant. Sometimes with overlapping words, there is a strong sense of music. For example, "the boat is swaying, the wind is fluttering and blowing clothes" and "Mu Xinxin, spring water begins to flow". Use more antithetical sentences, no matter right or wrong, they are just right. Description is combined with lyricism and discussion, sometimes writing scenery, sometimes lyricism and sometimes discussion, which is scenic, affectionate, rational and interesting.
The last point of China people's life is that although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, no matter whether he did so positively or negatively, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden" or "Returning to the Garden to Xi Ci", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one who retired to the countryside. However, his seclusion has created a writer and formed a literary style, which shines brilliantly in the history of China literature. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no article, and Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci is just a poem." Although this statement is exaggerated, we can see its position in the history of literature.
Appreciation of Back to Xi Ci (Ⅱ)
The word "coming home" is a heroic declaration of resignation and returning home. Tao Yuanming sees through life with poetic insight and touches the scenery with beautiful flowers. By reappearing the unfettered rural life and describing the natural scenery, he showed the poet's romantic feelings of advocating nature and pursuing freedom, and also reflected the poet's detached attitude of hating officialdom and staying away from the secular. When people talk about "Hui Xi Ci", they are used to praising Tao Yuanming's pastoral pleasure and seclusion, while ignoring the sadness of life hidden between the lines. When studying the text, I found an interesting phenomenon, that is, when the poet expresses joy and joy, he always uses some words that are easy to remind people of his sour heart and hidden pain intentionally or unintentionally, and tries to figure out and taste the deep connotation of these words. I think "Back to Xi Ci" is also a sad song that reveals hidden pain and stretches depression in a sense. The following is a brief analysis based on the content of the article.
(1) The heart serves the form of sorrow. The first paragraph of the article explains the reason and determination of the poet's retirement. Tao Yuanming retired in the first year of Emperor Yi Xi of Jin 'an. About the reason for his seclusion, Song Shu? "Biography of Tao Qian" said that "the county sent Du You to the county, and the officials wanted to bring him. Qian sighed and said, "I can't give in to the villagers with these five measures of rice." On the same day, she was dismissed from her post and assigned to "come back". "Tao Yuanming said it himself, which is slightly different. He said in the preface of "Gui Xi Ci" that "the family is poor, farming is not enough for self-sufficiency, the room is full of childishness, and there is no millet in the urn. I have never seen what I have learned. At the suggestion of relatives and friends, he "divorced" into the official career and won the post of Pengze County Magistrate. But it didn't take long, then "there is a feeling of returning home as soon as possible." "What is it? It is natural in nature and is not obtained through revision; Although hunger and cold cut, but it is against their own diseases. Everyone who tastes from personnel is selfish. Therefore, I am very generous and deeply ashamed of my life ambitions. " But he still intends to be an official for a year, and then "take it and die at night." Just then, one of his sisters died, and he also "resigned" and wrote this article "Come home to Xi". Whether it is his biography or his own preface, it is not difficult to see that the real reason for Tao Yuanming's seclusion in the countryside is that his mind is enslaved by form, that is, his mind is enslaved by form. He has done many things against his will, but he can't do what he wants and what he doesn't want to do. Based on the Book of Song Dynasty and Preface, the meaning of "mind is a form of slavery" has two meanings: First, the poet was imprisoned in the sea of officials for his mouth and stomach, bent down to serve others, relied on others, sneered at others, met with cold eyes and discrimination, and felt deeply humiliated and exhausted. Second, the poet's nature is natural, contrary to custom, unreasonable and unacceptable to the world. Contrary to his own feelings and ego, in the poet's view, it defiles the mind and distorts the soul, so he is deeply ashamed and depressed. When I wake up, I feel that "the past can't be remonstrated" and "the future can still be pursued"; I feel that "the road is not far" and "today is not yesterday", so I decided to abandon my official position and return to the field. Of course, it's not too late to make amends, but also the pain of falling into officialdom and making a big mistake. The Declaration of Returning to the Field, which woke up from a big dream, was even more painful and regretful.
(2) the pain of staying in the garden. In the second paragraph of the article, I wrote my imaginary home scene and leisurely family life after retirement. Among them, there is the urgency of "keeping birds in love with the old forest and thinking about the old pond", and there is also the joy of finally breaking through the "dust net" and breaking free from the "fence". There is a reunion after a long separation to enjoy family happiness, and there is also a quiet and relaxed walk. There is a self-confidence that is proud of drinking and isolated from the world, and there is also a natural interest in guiding staff to rest and correct their heads. In short, in a word, the quiet and indifferent daily life, warm and simple hometown affection and fresh and elegant natural landscape make the poet linger and indulge in it. We will feel the same way when we read the article. But it is worth noting that there are some striking and thrilling words in this natural text, which makes people think. "The clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and the birds are tired of flying." Write blue sky and white clouds, flying above the dust, anything will do, unconstrained and unrestrained. "Unintentional" means that white clouds float around and let nature take its course. Write about birds in the mountains, returning at dusk, foraging far and near, doing what is right and stopping what is right. "Tired" means that birds rush about and work hard, return to the forest to cast their nests, be content with silence and enjoy themselves. Whether it's the white clouds or the returning birds, they are free, carefree, carefree and full of affairs, which actually reflects the unkindness and discomfort of the poet when he is reduced to a dust net, trapped in officialdom, ups and downs with the world and fettered by others. This kind of pain that distorts his mind, suppresses his temperament, loses freedom and helplessness is deep and heavy, but it is not easy to detect. The poet wrote in another poem "Qu Azuo" that started the town army to join the army: "The eyes are tired of traveling in Sichuan, and the heart is full of mountains and rivers." Looking at the clouds, I am ashamed of the birds, and I am ashamed of swimming in the water. "I also expressed the same feeling." If the scenery is too beautiful, you will enter, and you will be lonely and lingering. "Write that the sun sets at night, and the scene is bleak, rendering sad feelings; Writing about the loneliness of pine trees is a metaphor for the loneliness and sadness of the poet's arrogance in the world. A person is lonely enough to look at the mountain like Li Bai. "He never tires of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain", and his inner loneliness and pain can be imagined. It can really be said that "the person who makes peace is not my kind, and Fusong is alone"! Self-painting a Pot reveals the loneliness and anguish of the poet without company. Leaning against the south window to send lofty sentiments is quite arrogant and lonely. Although the door is set, it is always closed, which directly reveals the lofty and cold silence of the poet's isolation from the world. These seemingly unrestrained gossip are actually full of anxiety and anger, and we read Tao Yuanming's plain heart.
(3), travel worries. The third paragraph of the article describes Tao Yuanming's pastoral joy. Reading poems vertically, it is not difficult for us to understand the poet's ease and comfort, the elegance and leisure of traveling and enjoying scenery, and the harmony and pleasure of dialogue between piano and books. However, if we think deeply, we will find that these words are all tortuous hints of "superficial joy and inner sadness". Let's talk about the poet's communication first. Relatives and farmers, poets can talk to them about "we open the windows of your garden and field, and talk about mulberry trees and marijuana with cups in our hands." Parents are short, indifferent to officialdom, and have the warmth of family. However, the poet is noble in thought, aloof from the world, romantic and elegant, and of high standard. This is far from what ordinary people and ordinary people can understand and agree with. They are happy to talk. There is no doubt that the phrase "playing music and writing a book to eliminate worries" implies that only the rhyme of poetry and songs can express feelings and eliminate troubles, while ordinary "relatives" and "farmers" can only communicate in form and cannot be fascinated. Let's talk about the poet's travel style first. "Or life towel car, or a boat. Finding a valley is not only awkward, but also rugged. " Lonely boat, entertaining yourself, sometimes exploring deep and tortuous ravines, and sometimes crossing rugged hills, the magnificent scenery is inaccessible, and the poet has a special liking and lingers. Isn't this a scene that shows the poet's hidden feelings? In a sense, the poet is a mountain hermit who abandoned the world and was abandoned by the world. Maverick and independent, the poet is free and painful. Finally, look at what the poet sees and feels. "There are many branches and branches, and spring begins to disappear. When everything is fine, I feel that my life journey is over. " Seeing the scene of the revival and vitality of all things, the poet is not in high spirits and poetic, but laments the old and hurts himself. This kind of sensitivity and sadness is by no means an accidental diarrhea in the poet's inner world, but definitely a natural expression of the poet's long-term anguish and pain. A poet who is old and frail and has a short life can do nothing but sigh in the face of the prosperous spring scenery. From the above analysis, it is not difficult to see that the poet's seemingly peaceful and happy pastoral life is actually full of more pain, despair of independence and helplessness of life passing. When we read Tao Wen, we can't forget our worries about coke.
(4) the Committee's anger. In the fourth paragraph of the article, Zhang Xianzhi expressed the poet's happy mood. Of course, we have also strengthened our understanding of the poet's life philosophy of advocating nature, pursuing freedom, returning to simplicity and keeping chastity. However, strong sighs and repeated rhetorical questions make us clearly aware of the poet's contradiction and anguish about the uncertainty of his future. "How long will you stay in the apartment?" It is actually an expression of helplessness and pain to sigh that life is short and the rest of my life is short, and to emphasize letting nature take its course. "What does Hu Wei want to do?" Denying the indecision of worry and anxiety actually implies the unbearable suffering of having scruples and doing something on weekdays. "Talking about riding to the end, Loew's fate is in doubt?" To say that you are happy and firmly believe in it reflects doubts and worries about where to go and how to choose. "Chatting" is temporary, does it also imply that the poet's choice is only a stopgap measure? In fact, Tao Yuanming can't really retire after retiring to the countryside, because he always thinks about the world and sometimes feels sad. "Wealth is not my wish, and Huangxiang cannot be expected. When you are pregnant, you can go alone or plant a stick. Deng Yu and Lin wrote poems about his drunken landscape and carefree life, which is actually a condemnation and protest against reality. Tao Yuanming neither wants to cling to the secular world to gain fame and fortune, nor disdains to escape from the world and fly to fairyland. In order to keep his pure and simple nature, he had to seek spiritual liberation and emotional sustenance in the natural landscape. Between the lines of these sentences, we can feel the poet's loneliness, anger and determination to deny officialdom and fight against the secular.
To sum up, I think "Back to Xi Ci" is a soul song with loneliness, anger, sadness and joy. Some poets return to simplicity, self-sufficiency and support their lives, while others lament that time flies and life is short. There is the freedom of surging waves and floating freely in the world, and there is also the regret and pain of strayed into officialdom's distorted mind; There are family reunions, serenity and indifference accompanied by piano books, depression and loneliness in which the world lacks bosom friends and the heart is indistinguishable ... In short, as Gong Zizhen, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, said, "I don't believe that poets are dull, and Fu Liang is coquettish" (Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems). When I was reading Wen Tao, I was immersed in the mountains and rivers, and I couldn't ignore the poet's hidden pain. (Xu Cai Chang from Changsha Yali Middle School, from China Education Network)