Safety management of tunnel construction?
1. 1, the safety work focus of this project.
1, protection and use of power lines and electrical equipment and appliances;
2, transportation and construction organization and coordination;
3. Management and use of fire-proof, explosion-proof and inflammable and explosive articles;
4. Underground excavation, including water gushing, blasting, smoke exhaust, toxic gas, landslide, support and other safety work;
5. Safety of construction personnel.
1.2, construction hazards and possible damages
Tunnel engineering is a high-risk project, and its hazards mainly include: gas explosion, explosive material explosion, blasting, container explosion, other explosions, falling from a height, fire, collapse, water seepage, roof caving, object strike, vehicle injury, mechanical injury, lifting injury, electric shock, etc.
Possible injuries: falling from a height, hitting by objects, vehicle injuries, mechanical injuries, blasting injuries, poisoning and other safety accidents. Will lead to disability, death, etc.
1.3. Strict inspection system shall be implemented, commanding from the front, finding hidden dangers, plugging loopholes, determining measures, assigning special personnel to be responsible for key, difficult and dead corners in the project, and implementing "three determinations and one record" to eliminate potential accidents. Full-time security personnel must patrol and inspect every day, thoroughly implement the rectification of unsafe factors in production, and ensure safety.
1.4, further strengthen safety management and strengthen supervision and inspection of production safety. The pouring operation site shall assign a safety officer with strong sense of responsibility and safety knowledge to supervise the handover. The inspection contents are as follows:
(1), check the hidden dangers of accidents, and put forward corrective measures in time;
(2) Check violations of rules and regulations, and put forward punishment opinions for system projects;
(3), check the safety situation of key parts, and urge the relevant units to pay special attention to the implementation of measures.
1.5, tunnel excavation
1, drilling and blasting operation
(1), Driller (digger)
(1), after arriving at the working face, should first check the safety situation of the working face, whether the top and two sides of surrounding rock are firm, whether the loose rock is anchored or removed, and normal drilling operation can be carried out only after reaching a safe state. If the accident is caused by careless operation, the foreman shall be fined 100 yuan.
(2), it is forbidden to continue drilling in the residual eye.
(3) When drilling and charging work in parallel, the following regulations must be observed: Seriously implement the safety operation regulations. Loading and drilling must be from top to bottom (drilling before loading is not limited by this). Drilling and charging should be separated by a row of holes, the distance should not be less than 2.5m, and the drilling and charging personnel must be fixed in different areas. It is forbidden to clean the hole with drill pipe when the pipe is charged, and it is forbidden to fill the hole in the charged area of the pipe.
(2) Blaster
(1), blasting personnel must go through professional training, after passing the examination, obtain the blasting certificate before they can work at their posts.
(2), in accordance with the provisions of the management of blasting materials, to receive, transport and use procedures. In the process of shipment, it is forbidden to mix blasting equipment with explosives, and there must be special personnel to check and escort them. Unused blasting materials must be returned to the warehouse in time. It is strictly forbidden to store them without permission and cannot be lost.
(3) Charge parallel to the borehole. When drilling with a pneumatic drill, strictly implement the provisions of the third driller, and it is not allowed to charge while drilling.
(4), into the gun loading position, first check the surrounding rock, loose stones should be removed or support, work area should be well lit, special equipment in good condition.
⑤ Scaffolds for gun loading shall be firmly erected, and the plate width and bearing capacity shall meet the operation requirements. When blowing eyes with high-pressure wind, people in front of eyes should be evacuated. To avoid flying stones hurting people.
6. After blasting, inspection and handling personnel must enter the blasting site after 20 minutes. Inspection and handling personnel must carefully and responsibly check whether there is misfire and residual explosives or detonators, whether there is any change in surrounding rock, and whether there is damage or deformation in support. The misfire treatment should strictly abide by the safety operation rules.
All landowners, hole blasting operation, must by full-time security officer and on-site attendant to participate in the implementation of security alert, otherwise the blasting operation cannot be carried out. The safe distance of blasting warning shall be implemented according to the construction specifications.
2. Slagging
(1), drivers of excavators and loaders
(1), excavator and loader drivers must hold the driver's license and mechanical operation certificate issued by the local traffic management department and labor department before they can work at their posts.
(2) During operation, the bucket should not be too deep, the bucket should not be too hard, and the digging height should not be higher than 4 m at a time ... When there are other mechanical operations within the rotating radius of the bucket, the operation should be stopped.
(3), ballast, must be carried out after the car stopped. It is forbidden to cross the bucket from the cab of the car. When walking, the arm should be parallel to the track, the bucket should be about 1 m off the ground, and the operating handle should be locked. When going up and down the slope, it is not allowed to slide in neutral, and the slope shall not exceed 20%.
(4) When operating the handle, the balance of force should be moderate. When the arm falls, it is not allowed to stop suddenly in the middle, so that the bucket, bucket handle and boom are close.
2, dump truck driver
(1), dump truck drivers must hold a driver's license issued by the local traffic management department, and can get on the bus only after being seconded by the unit.
(2) After starting, try to unload the hydraulic mechanism, cooperate with the excavator to load the car, and tighten the brake after the dump truck is in place. If the bucket must cross the top of the cab, no one is allowed in the cab.
(3) When unloading, choose the appropriate terrain, and check whether there are wires and pedestrians around and above, and lift the car body for unloading only after it is confirmed. After unloading, the trunk should be restored in time, and it is not allowed to fall when walking.
(4) When unloading in potholes, you should get off and check the terrain, and you must keep an appropriate safe distance to prevent the slope from collapsing.
(5) When overhauling vehicles and dumping devices, pay attention to the trunk, so as to prevent the car from slipping and the trunk from suddenly falling and hurting people. It is forbidden to overload the cab, mix people and goods, and carry people by dump trucks.
1.6 overall safety of tunnel construction.
Anyone who enters the cave must wear protective equipment such as safety helmet, obey the rules and obey the instructions; At the same time, strengthen safety precautions and prohibit other personnel from entering the hole at will. Before entering the cave, register and accept the inspection of the personnel on duty in the cave, and the team leader will call the roll, and implement the system of listing and delisting in the cave. If danger is found in the tunnel during construction, the team leader and foreman must immediately set up obvious signs or send someone to guard the dangerous area, and report to the construction leader in time and take timely treatment measures. If the situation is serious, all personnel should evacuate the dangerous area immediately. Set up a first-aid material repository at the mouth of the cave or in an appropriate place to store fire prevention, waterproof and anti-virus equipment, supporting materials and various applicable tools. Spare parts shall be guaranteed in quality and quantity, and shall not be moved at will, and shall be replenished immediately after being used once. Geological advance prediction should be strengthened during tunnel excavation, and special personnel should be assigned to observe the ground change and settlement when the buried depth is shallow to ensure the construction safety and prevent the collapse and roof fall.
1.7 ventilation and dustproof safety
Ventilation in tunnel construction is managed by special personnel. When the ventilator is running, it is forbidden to stay near the inlet and outlet of the air duct. When the ventilator stops running, no one is allowed to go near the ventilation hose and stay next to it, and nothing is allowed to be placed on the ventilation pipe or nozzle. Large-diameter ventilation pipes are used in the tunnel to ensure that each tunnel operator can provide at least 3m3/min of fresh air, keep the air velocity not lower than 15m/min, the silica dust less than 1mg/m3, and the concentration of harmful gases in the air in the tunneling working space does not exceed the standards required by relevant labor laws and regulations. Connect a set of standby power supply from the internal combustion generator to the ventilator to ensure normal ventilation in the tunnel when the power is suddenly cut off, so that people can have enough fresh air before leaving the dangerous area. Shotcrete is sprayed with water to reduce the dust content in the air. The air composition in the tunnel is sampled and analyzed once every half month, and the dust content is detected once a month.
1.8 tunnel power and lighting safety
Temporary electricity utilization on the construction site shall be carried out in strict accordance with Technical Specification for Safety of Temporary Electricity Utilization on the Construction Site (JGJ6-88).
Tunnel engineering must be equipped with electrical engineers or technicians who are responsible for the establishment and management of safety technical files. Establish and improve various rules and regulations, and conscientiously implement them. Equipped with full-time electrician, electrician is a special type of work, must pass the exam, show certificates, must be familiar with electricity safety regulations and norms, and conscientiously implement them. Full-time electricians must be responsible for on-site electricity consumption. It is forbidden for non-professionals to operate and maintain electrical equipment, and it is forbidden to connect wires without permission. Establish temporary electricity consumption files and record relevant information in time. Electricians are responsible for filling in temporary electricity consumption records, maintaining temporary electricity consumption lines and operating switches.
Non-professionals are not allowed to operate the installation, maintenance and removal of temporary electricity projects.
Electrical equipment and electrical lines must be well insulated, and electrical equipment must be grounded to zero. The hanging height and line spacing of power lines erected in the field shall comply with safety regulations and shall be installed on special poles.
Transformers must be equipped with grounding protection devices, guardrails and door locks, and warning signs of "high voltage danger" should be hung nearby.
All switchboards and cabinets shall be equipped with insulation pads, installed with leakage protection devices and locked.
The distribution box should be fire-proof and rain-proof, and sundries should not be stored in the box. The door should be locked and managed by special personnel.
The power supply line of mobile electrical equipment should use rubber sheathed cable. When crossing the roadway, casing shall be buried, and damaged cables shall not be used.
The detailed information of "Safety Management of Tunnel Engineering Construction" can be found in Zhong Da Consulting & Building, and all the relevant building construction information you want is available.
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