How to grow suihua cantaloupe
Suihua climate characteristics:
Suihua city is located in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.
Four distinct seasons, rain and heat at the same time. Winter is covered with snow and ice.
Summer rainfall is concentrated and the climate is warm and humid. The climate is pleasant in spring and autumn.
The annual average temperature in the city is between 1.3 ~ 4.0℃, the accumulated temperature of 2400 ~ 2700℃ is ≥ 10℃, the frost-free period is 120 ~ 140 days, and the sunshine hours are 2600 ~ 2900 hours.
The average precipitation in the city is 483 mm, the annual precipitation in the northeast is about 550 mm, the annual precipitation in the southwest is about 400 mm, and the precipitation in July and August accounts for about 60% of the annual precipitation.
Cultivation techniques:
The suitable sowing date of late-cropping rice is August-65438+10, and the latest sowing date shall not exceed 165438+ 10/5.
Spring sowing can be selected from February to March, but it is best to ensure the seasonal harvest in Tomb-Sweeping Day and Grain Rain.
Generally, seeds can be disinfected by soaking with 1% copper sulfate or carbendazim.
Triamcinolone acetonide or 3% Bataan powder can be used for direct seeding to avoid the harm of underground pests.
If intensive cultivation, you can choose nutrition bowl or nutrition bag to raise seedlings. The standard of nutrient soil preparation is 1000 kg, and fine fertilizer is 300-400 kg, 2. Add 5kg carbendazim (200-500g metalaxyl,100-200g Bataan powder or100-0g alachlor). 30-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer, adding appropriate amount of water (soil water content is 40-50%), stirring evenly, and covering for 5-7 days.
Then bag (bowl) and sow, and it is advisable to sow one seed in each bag (bowl).
Base fertilizer should be applied for direct seeding, and 3000-5000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu.
Deep ditch application or deep pool application. Then cover the soil and sow, and sow 2-3 sterilized germinated seeds in each pool.
Hami melon planting density:
Generally, the row spacing of dwarf plants is: row spacing is 0. 60-0.80m, and the plant spacing is 0. 50m, per mu1600-2,200 ponds, and 4,000-4,500 plants are suitable;
The row spacing of creeping type is 1. 50-2.00 meters, plant spacing is 0. 50 meters. 700-800 ponds per mu, 1400- 1600 plants is appropriate.
Nest-type (dwarf vine) cantaloupe is sparsely planted, so it is impossible to obtain high yield. The long vine type (string everywhere) has high planting density, large population, poor ventilation and light transmission, no disease resistance, no melon and low yield.
Therefore, we must understand the varieties and determine their planting density according to the varieties.
Seedling management:
Cucumber seedlings grow rapidly, especially those cultivated in nutrition bags or bowls. In order to prevent overgrowth, water and temperature should be strictly controlled, and seedlings should be cultivated step by step after they are unearthed. The temperature should be controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and around 10℃ at night.
At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, water the seedlings with compound fertilizer every 5-7 days, and add metalaxyl or metalaxyl aluminum and copper to prevent the harm of root rot. When the number of leaves reaches 4-5, spray with Bordeaux mixture once to prevent powdery mildew and white rust.
Field management in field period;
In the early stage of seedling transplanting or direct seeding, weeding and ploughing should be done frequently to promote root development. All diseases come from the root system, which is underdeveloped, thin and serious.
In the future, it is necessary to combine irrigation, intertillage, ridging and fertilization and strengthen management as the theme.
At the same time, it is necessary to prevent and control pests and diseases in time, with emphasis on downy mildew, powdery mildew, white rust and root rot.
It is suggested to use more ecological pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture, and pay attention to using biological pesticides such as BT emulsion to control leaf miner.
When the cantaloupe grows to 3-5 leaves, it should be peeled and trimmed.
Generally, the methods of "Zi Man" and "Sun Man" are adopted to make cantaloupes listed one after another.
When Hami melon grows to 5-6 leaves, topdressing should be done in time, and 20-30 kg compound fertilizer can be applied per mu to promote the growth of roots, vines and young melons. At the same time, irrigate every 3-5 days to keep the soil moist.
Field management at harvest time;
Hami melon enters the first harvest period, and it should be harvested and fertilized once every time. As far as possible, quick-acting and high-efficiency compound fertilizer or urea plus calcium superphosphate is the main method, and the method is to cover soil combined with field irrigation.
In the field and harvest period, in addition to strengthening water and fertilizer management, another focus of field management is the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Aphids are easy to occur at high temperature and low humidity, powdery mildew is easy to occur at low temperature and high humidity, and downy mildew is easy to occur at high temperature and high humidity. According to the weather conditions, do a good job in pest control.
Four diseases and three pests are most likely to occur in the field, namely powdery mildew, mosaic disease, downy mildew and root rot. These three pests are mainly liriomyza sativae, thrips and aphids.