The answer template and skills of geography compulsory examination in senior high school.
High school geography compulsory exam answer template, the factors that affect the temperature answer template.
1. Latitude (decisive factor): It affects the solar height, day length, solar radiation and daily range, which is lower in annual range (the temperature days in low latitude and annual range are lower than those in high latitude);
2. Topography (height, topography): shady slopes, sunny slopes, mountains, plains, valleys and basins at different altitudes (for example, the topographic heat in the valley basin is not easy to dissipate, the tall terrain blocks the winter wind, and the daily amplitude of the mountains at the same latitude is worse than that of the plains, and the annual amplitude is smaller);
3. Location of land and sea: annual variation range of temperature caused by ocean intensity;
4. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification;
5. Weather conditions: the temperature in rainy places is daily, and the annual variation is smaller than that in rainy places;
6. Underlying surface: ground reflectivity (high snow reflectivity and low temperature); The daily temperature and annual amplitude of green space are smaller than that of bare land;
7. Human activities: heat island effect, greenhouse effect, etc.
Answer template of factors affecting precipitation
1. Climate: atmospheric circulation (pressure zone, wind zone, monsoon);
2. Topography: windward slope and leeward slope;
3. Terrain (elevation): The precipitation reaches the maximum at a certain height;
4. Land and sea location: the distance from the sea;
5. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification;
6. Underlying surface: the coverage of lakes, rivers and vegetation;
7. Human activities: changing the underlying surface affects precipitation.
Answer template of river hydrological characteristics
1. Flow: size, seasonal change and interruption (depending on precipitation characteristics, rainwater recharge and river area);
2. Sediment concentration: it depends on the vegetation status of the basin;
3. Ice age: availability and length;
4. Water level: level and change characteristics (depending on river recharge type, water conservancy project and lake storage function);
5. Water energy: It is related to topography (river drop and flow rate) and climate (precipitation, runoff and evaporation).
Water system characteristic template
1. length; 2. Flow direction; 3. Basin area; 4. Water drop size (water energy); 5. River straightness; 6. How many tributaries are there? 7. The arrangement shape of river tributaries: fan-shaped, dendritic, etc.
Factors affecting solar radiation
1. Latitude: determines the height of the sun at noon and the length of a day; 2. Altitude: high altitude, thin air and strong solar radiation (such as Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China); 3. Weather conditions: sunny, with sufficient solar radiation (such as northwest China); 4. Air density.
Answer template of factors affecting snow line height
1. Precipitation: local climate characteristics; There is more precipitation on the windward slope and the snow line is lower (for example, the snow line on the southern slope of the Himalayas is lower than that on the northern slope); 2. Temperature: the snow line on sunny slope is higher than that on shady slope; Temperature changes at different latitudes, height of zero isotherm.
Factors affecting the vertical band spectrum in mountainous areas
Latitude 1: The higher the latitude of the mountain, the simpler the band spectrum; 2. Altitude: The higher the altitude of the mountain, the more complex the band spectrum may be; 3. Heat (i.e. sunny slope and shady slope): affects the height of the same band spectrum.
Analysis of agricultural location factors in social human geography
Natural factors include: 1. Land: topography, soil II. Climate: light, heat, precipitation, temperature difference between day and night 3. Water source (irrigation water source);
Socioeconomic factors include: 1. Market 2. Traffic 3. National policy. Labor 5. Science and technology: technical development of agricultural products preservation and refrigeration. Industrial base.
Answer template of industrial location factor analysis
1. Geographical location
2. Resource factors: raw materials and fuel.
3. Agricultural factors
4. Traffic factors (including traffic convenience and accessibility of information network): it is convenient for the exchange of materials, personnel and information.
5. Market factors
6. Scientific and technological factors
7. Labor factor: labor price and quality.
8. Historical factors
9. Policy factors: national and regional policy support.
10. Military factors: national defense security needs
1 1. Personal factors: personal preference (returned overseas Chinese invest to set up factories).
Answer template of urban location factor analysis
natural cause
1. Terrain: A. Flat terrain, fertile soil, convenient for farming, favorable for transportation, saving construction investment and concentrated population; B. tropical cities are distributed on the plateau; C. the mountain city is located in river valleys and open lowlands.
2. Climate: the middle and low latitudes are warm and the coastal areas are humid.
3. Rivers: affecting local water supply and transportation.
4. Resource conditions (representative cities: Datong, Daqing, Anshan, Karamay, Birmingham, South Africa, Chicago, Johannesburg);
Socio-economic factors
1. Traffic conditions (representative cities: Zhuzhou, Shijiazhuang, Tsukuba, Japan)
2. Political factors (representative cities: Hefei, Washington, USA, Brasilia, Brazil)
3. Military factors (representative city: Boston, USA)
4. Religious factors (representative city: Jerusalem)
5. Scientific and technological factors (representative city: Tsukuba, Japan)
6. Tourism factors (representative cities: Huangshan and Tai 'an)
Route selection principle of transportation lines
Natural aspect
1. Terrain: a. Flat: less selection restrictions; B. Great fluctuation: if it is necessary to cut mountains, make holes and bridge, the project will be difficult; If you extend along the contour line, the mileage will be extended; C. Fast-flowing rivers: unfavorable to shipping.
2. Geology: a. Karst landform: collapse prevention and leakage prevention; B. geological instability: reinforce the foundation and avoid faults.
3. Climate: a. Roads and railways: prevention of rainstorm, flood, frozen soil and debris flow; B. Water transport and aviation: resisting fog and strong winds
4. Land: Less arable land, especially fertile land.
Socio-economic answer template
1. population: pass through residential areas, railway stations and docks as much as possible to benefit more people. (Applicable to: local roads)
2. Mileage and operating time: try to build bridges and tunnels and shorten the mileage to save operating time; Take proper care of important economic points along the way. (Applicable to: National Highway)
3. Others: Try to stay away from important cultural relics and pay attention to ecological environment protection.
Comprehensive analysis of the influence of geographical environment on regional development
Geographical location 1. Latitude and longitude position 2. Relative position.
natural conditions
1. Agricultural conditions: a. Topography (type, land type characteristics; , soil) B. climate (type, hydrothermal conditions, light, heat, etc. C. Water resources (annual runoff, rivers and lakes) D. Biological resources (such as biological and crop characteristics related to climate type characteristics)
2. Industrial conditions: mineral resources (such as sea salt and energy). ) "socio-economic situation" 1. Population (including labor quality and quality) II. Transportation. Market 4. Science and technology. History: including industrial and agricultural foundations. National policy.
In the second part, the factors affecting the selection of reservoir dam site are applied to the case template location problem.
1. The dam site is located at the outlet of rivers, canyons or basins and depressions: the bag-shaped area is favorable for dam construction: the engineering quantity is small, the construction cost is low, and the storage capacity of the reservoir area is large;
2. Choose places with good geological conditions to avoid karst landforms and faults;
3. Climatic and hydrological conditions: ensure sufficient water;
4. Consider whether it is necessary for immigrants to build reservoirs and the situation of land occupation and relocation to minimize the flooding of residential areas.
Location conditions of port construction
Natural conditions (determining the port location) 1. Water conditions: the port is wide and deep (the contour line is dense, which is conducive to berthing and sheltering from the wind); 2. Port construction conditions: the land is stable in geology, flat in terrain and suitable in slope (conducive to the arrangement of construction land and port equipment);
Socio-economic conditions (affecting the rise and fall of ports) 1. Conditions of economic hinterland: whether the economic hinterland is vast (affecting passenger and cargo flow); The size of passenger and cargo flow (affecting the rise and fall of the port); The economic nature of the hinterland (determines the nature of the port); 2. Urban facilities: convenient transportation; Provide manpower, material resources and financial support for the port; 3. Policy conditions: building a free trade port in an open area.
Senior high school geography answering skills skill one: carefully examine the questions and pay attention to information acquisition.
Examination information can be divided into text information, image icon information, question information and answer information. The key to solving the problem is to understand the presentation of examination information, quickly obtain and accurately interpret the examination information, and make clear the examination intention of the questioner.
Tip 2: Pay attention to comparison and select the best answer.
In the setting of the answers to objective questions, the examination content and answer options are often set according to the thinking formula, answer details, main geographical knowledge misunderstandings and main examination contents. Some questions are confusing, and there is not much difference between the two answers. Therefore, when doing objective questions, we should break through the original thinking mode, think as broadly as possible, think dialectically and comprehensively, and choose the correct answer through comparison.
Tip 3: Accurate spatial positioning.
Geography test questions take maps as the carrier, and positioning is the key to map solving. Mastering the correct positioning method is helpful to understand the meaning of the problem and further solve it. Common positioning methods include: longitude and latitude network positioning method, natural and cultural characteristics positioning method, characteristic geographical things positioning method, special note positioning method and so on. The key is to use it flexibly.
Tip 4: Train thinking ability and realize problem classification.
Geographical objective questions emphasize the ability examination on the level of knowledge understanding and pay attention to the causal relationship between geographical things. Geographical subjective questions can better reflect the examination of students' thinking ability.
In recent years, the questions of college entrance examination can be roughly divided into the following categories: ① map filling: geographical things identification based on regional positioning, mainly obtaining information from maps or materials; (2) Causality question: answer from natural reasons and man-made reasons; (3) Analysis of location factors: from natural factors and socio-economic factors; ④ Analysis of environmental problems: from the perspective of environmental pollution and ecological destruction; ⑤ Measures: Mainly considered from four aspects: engineering measures, technical measures, biological measures and management measures.
Tip 5: list the key points of the answer, reflecting the level and focus.
List the main points, reflect the level and focus of specific answers, and put them on paper. Respondents should express their thoughts in the designated space. Our answers must be reflected on paper according to the main points, in different levels, and the important points should be written at the front. When writing, we should also pay attention to the spacing between words and lines, and the language expression should be accurate, concise and in place.
Tip 6: study the scores properly and determine the main points of the answer.
The score setting of each topic in the geography examination questions of college entrance examination is generally based on the main points. Based on this, we can estimate the number of answers by studying scores and combining questions. Of course, in order to avoid losing points, you can answer in many ways, so the probability of losing points will be smaller.
Geography is a rational subject in liberal arts, which has the nature of both humanities and natural sciences, and requires students to have strong ability of word analysis and synthesis and digital processing. Therefore, many students feel confused and even have a headache when studying geography. It should be said that a good method is the foundation of success, but? Can you learn? Talent? Study? . If you want to review your high scores in high school geography, you must pay attention? Four catches? .
Catch it? Concept? Heavy? Digestion?
When studying geography, students should pay attention to the study of concepts, digest, understand and absorb all geographical concepts one by one, and leave no room for bread. Only when the concept is clear can the problem of judgment and reasoning be correct. It is necessary to list those concepts that are particularly confusing and compare their differences one by one. Such as: celestial bodies, celestial spheres; Corona and prominence; Perihelion and apohelion; Angular velocity and linear velocity; Time zone and time zone; Short wave radiation, long wave radiation; Cyclones and air masses; Weather and climate; Cold wave and cold current; Minerals, minerals and deposits; Karst and lava; Ecosystem, ecological balance, biological community; Geological process and geological structure; Land, territory, etc. Of course, concept learning is not isolated, but should be carried out in the process of analyzing and solving problems.
Second, catch? Principle? Heavy? Do you understand?
Students should start with basic knowledge and work step by step? Geographical principle? Close. For example, the reason of uneven heat distribution on the earth's surface; The basis for the emergence and division of the four seasons and five belts; Monsoon and monsoon climate formed by sea-land temperature difference; The relationship between temperature and air pressure; The relationship between height and temperature and pressure; Causes of horizontal and vertical movement of air; Power and process of water cycle; Mechanism of occurrence and change of internal and external forces; Conditions of ecological balance; Effects of light, heat, water and soil on agricultural production; Factors affecting industrial layout; The unity of opposites between human beings and the environment and so on. Mastering these principles, rules and laws will convince you to analyze things.
Three catches? Comprehensive? Heavy? Contact?
Comprehensiveness refers to the integrity and unity of the geographical environment, and refers to the internal relations among the elements of the geographical environment and their mutual influence and restriction. For example, why does the Amazon basin become the largest tropical rain forest in the world? This is not only determined by latitude, but also closely related to atmospheric circulation, topographic structure and ocean currents. Why does Western Europe become a typical temperate maritime climate? The influencing factors are also various. When analyzing problems in a multi-angle, multi-level, all-round and comprehensive way, students should make efforts in the following aspects: doing some comprehensive typical training questions in a planned way, and learning how to comprehensively consider problems from natural factors to economic factors. In this regard, students should pay more attention to the analysis of typical cases explained by teachers, accumulate them and turn them into their own knowledge.
Four catches? * * * Sex? Heavy? Personality?