Explanation of Zhang Fei Forest of Steles in Langzhong

Dear guests, welcome to our famous ancient city in northern Sichuan.

Langzhong is located in the northern part of the Sichuan Basin and the middle reaches of the Jialing River. The city is built at the intersection of the Bashan Mountains, the Jianmen Mountains and the Jialing River water system. It is surrounded by mountains on four sides and water on three sides. The situation is very dangerous. The predecessors said that it controls the divisions of the six routes in the front, controls the millet in Western Shu in the back, leads to Jingxiang on the left, and leads out of Qinlong on the right. It has been an important military town since ancient times. In 1986, the State Council announced it as one of the national historical and cultural cities.

Our itinerary for today is: first visit Zhangfei Temple and Jinping Mountain, and then visit the very unique ancient city reserve. Now, please allow me to briefly introduce the characteristics of Langzhong Ancient City as a guide before you visit.

The ancient city of Langzhong has a long history. Langzhong is the capital of Cuba. According to historical records, King Wu of Zhou defeated Zhou and received strong assistance from the Ba people. The Battle of Muye was fought by the Huben army composed of the Ba people, but the Ling and Yin people switched sides and won the victory. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Ba people were granted the title of a vassal state and their capital was Jiangzhou (now Chongqing). To avoid the pressure of the Chu State, the capital was moved to Langzhong. In 316 BC, King Huiwen of Qin conquered Ba and established Baxi County and Langzhong County. Since then, it has been the administrative seat of counties, states, prefectures, and roads in all dynasties, and it was also the political, economic, and cultural center of northern Sichuan at that time. Just counting the history of the establishment of the county, it has been more than 2,300 years.

The second is that celebrities who have had an impact on China's historical and cultural development have emerged in large numbers, and historical relics still exist. Langzhong, an ancient city with beautiful mountains and rivers, not only attracted many celebrities and wise men throughout the ages to visit and stay here, but also left behind a large number of cultural relics. Moreover, the ancient city itself is a place with outstanding people and talented people. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the great astronomer and almanacist Luo Xiahong was born here, followed by Ren Wensun and his son, the great meteorologists of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and three generations of astronomers including Zhou Shu, Zhou Qun and Zhou Ju during the Three Kingdoms period. In the past 400 years, it is remarkable that Langzhong has produced so many outstanding astronomers. In addition, Ma Zhong, a good general of the Three Kingdoms, Cheng Ji, a counselor, Zhang Xian, a fierce anti-jin general in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han E, a heroine like Mulan in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and Lan Tingrui, the leader of the peasant uprising in the Qing Dynasty, were all born here. According to some statistics: from the late Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty for more than 1,000 years, Langzhong successively produced 4 champions, 94 Jinshi, and hundreds of people.

Langzhong is also an old revolutionary area. In 1933, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army established the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base, fought in the Langzhong area for three years, and established the Langzhong and Langnan Soviet regimes. More than 19,000 outstanding sons and daughters of Langzhong joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

The third is that the ancient city is relatively well preserved and the cultural relics are of high value. Since the reform and opening up, Langzhong's social and economic development has been rapid, and great achievements have been made in urban construction. At the same time, the municipal government attaches great importance to the maintenance and protection of the ancient city and cultural relics, especially the layout of the ancient city, which has attracted great attention from the modern architecture community. The hundreds of ancient streets with rich ancient styles and the clusters of contiguous Sichuan ancient people are even more important. It is a very precious cultural treasure. After visiting, many people are always in awe of it and even say it is rare elsewhere.

Okay, that’s all, Zhang Fei Temple has arrived. Tomb of Huanhou Temple and Zhangfei Temple

Dear guests, what we are seeing now is the famous Huanhou Temple, also known as Zhangfei Temple. Zhang Fei, also known as Yide (Yide), followed Liu Bei in the army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was a brother-in-law. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Yizhou, he made Zhang Fei the captain of Sili school and the governor of Brazil to guard Langzhong for seven years. In 221 AD, Zhang Fei was eager to avenge Soochow for killing Guan Yu, so he forced his subordinates to make white helmets and white armor. He was killed by his generals Fan Qiang and Zhang Da, was buried in Langzhong, and was posthumously named Huanhou. Langzhong admired Zhang Fei's loyalty and bravery, and built a temple in front of his tomb, so that there was no shortage of sacrifices every year. In the Tang Dynasty, the temple was called Zhanghou Temple. In the Ming Dynasty, it was the most powerful temple. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been called Huanhou Temple. The existing Zhangfei Temple is a group of Ming and Qing architectural courtyards in the style of the Tang Dynasty. It consists of a mountain gate, a diwan tower, an archway, a main hall, and wing rooms. It covers an area of ​​more than 5,000 square meters. It is large in scale and beautifully constructed.

The mountain gate was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. The large plaque of the Han Huanhou Temple hanging above the main entrance was written by the famous calligrapher Zhao Puchu who passed away recently. Stepping through the figure-eight gate, you will see the towering Diwan Tower. Enemy Ten Thousand means that Zhang Fei has the courage to defeat Ten Thousand Heavens. The building was built in the early Ming Dynasty, with a gable-shaped roof with double eaves, square plum blossom columns inlaid with four petals, and extraordinary momentum with its raised corners and clouds. The side halls on both sides are the cultural relics exhibition room and the sculpture group hall. There are more than 1,000 cultural relics on display. Please look at the inscriptions on these hundreds of stele: The Han general flew, led ten thousand elite soldiers to destroy the first capital of the thieves in Bameng, and immediately made the inscription. It is said that it was written by Zhang Fei himself, which shows that Zhang Fei is not only a fierce general, but also an accomplished calligrapher.

People say that Zhang Fei is both coarse and fine, and this stone tablet can be regarded as a piece of evidence. There are six groups of sculptures in the Sculpture Hall based on Zhang Fei's main achievements described in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Everyone is familiar with "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", so I don't need to explain them again, so please take a look at them one by one.

When you walk into the main hall, there is a statue of Zhang Fei with raised eyebrows and a majestic appearance sitting in the middle. How come he is wearing a crown, a brocade robe, and a jade tablet in his hand? It turns out that in the Qing Dynasty During the Jiaqing period, Zhang Fei was posthumously named Emperor Huanhou, and a seated statue of him with a crown tattoo is sculpted in the hall. On both sides of the statue are the eldest son Zhang Bao holding a snake spear, and meritorious Cao Ma Qi holding an elixir book. On the left and right walls are Zhuge Liang's masters in Yue Fei's cursive script, giving the hall a majestic and elegant atmosphere.

The apse is actually a tomb pavilion, quaint, simple, solemn and majestic. A pair of couplets on the pavilion pillars:

Following the former lord to conquer the Central Plains, conquering the north and the south, only Xichuan claimed the emperor's territory;

The remaining body was buried in the barren grave, spring passed and winter came. , people still have loyal souls through the ages.

The first couplet writes that Zhang Fei followed Liu Bei and fought all his life, but his ambition to unify the country was not fulfilled, and his heroic soul still has regrets. The second couplet says that after his death, although only his headless body was buried in this tomb, people's feelings of commemorating his loyalty and bravery will last forever. There is a folk legend about the headless body. It is said that after Zhang Fei was killed, the murderers Fan Qiang and Zhang Da cut off his head and wanted to take it to Soochow to present it to Sun Quan. As a way to advance, they took a boat down the Yangtze River eastward. When they heard that Sun Quan was suing Liu Bei for peace, the two were panic-stricken and threw Zhang Fei's head into the river. It floated to the border of Yunyang and was picked up by a fisherman and buried at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Yunyang. This is the tragic story of Zhang's head being buried in Yunyang and his body in Langzhong.

In an arched cave in the shape of a nest under the pavilion of the tomb, a military statue of Zhang Fei sits. Look, this image is really a leopard with a head and eyes, a swallow's jaw and a tiger's beard flying wildly! The dragon's stone nest in front of the image is called an everlasting lantern. It is said that when Zhang Fei was stationed in Langzhong, Cao Wei general Zhang Bang led an army of 50,000 to attack Langzhong, the capital of Brazil. At that time, Zhang Fei's guards only had 10,000 soldiers, and they resisted Zhang He in Danqu. For 50 days, Zhang Fei relied on the support of the local people to attack from Zitong Mountain. The path goes straight to Wakou Pass, Zhang He's base camp, and they defeated Zhang He and achieved victory in protecting the country and the people. After his death, the people of Langzhong were grateful to him and specially selected the best stones to carefully carve this everlasting lantern. For thousands of years, every Qingming Festival, people have to sweep Zhang Fei's tomb and offer oil to the everlasting lamp

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Zhang Fei’s tomb is about 6 meters high and more than 100 square meters in area. It is made entirely of loess and looks like an oval-shaped hill. It has survived the vicissitudes of time and the tomb is intact. The ancient trees and green grass on the tomb seem to confirm the respect and love of countless descendants for thousands of years for this brave and strong Mr. Zhang who hated evil as much as he hated evil. Langyuan Wonderland Jinping Mountain

This is your Jinping Mountain Scenic Area, the first place in Jialing in Langzhong City. Please look at the undulating mountains of Jinping Mountain, with connected peaks. The trees are lush on the mountain, and the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant. The Jialing River with rapid water below the mountain is like a jasper belt winding through the foot of the mountain. The mountains and rivers blend together to form a beautiful and elegant natural picture, which has attracted the attention of all ages. How many literati and celebrities came to stay here. For example, the well-known poets Du Fu and Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty, the great painter Wu Daozi, the literary giant Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty, poets Huang Tingjian and Lu You, etc., were all fascinated by the scenery of Jinping Mountain. In Du Fu's poem, it is said that the south of Langzhong City is sparse in the world. In recent years, the scenic spot has undergone some renovations, adding new style, especially the complementation of natural beauty and history and culture, which fully demonstrates the quaint taste of Langzhong tour, making us realize that it is both a sightseeing trip and a place of knowledge. trip. Now let us use the historical sites and places of interest in the scenic area as markers and continue our tour.

This is the Du Shaoling Temple in Langzhong, a temple commemorating Du Fu. Du Fu came to Langzhong twice in August of the first year of Guangde (763 AD) and the second year of Guangde, and lived here with his family for half a year, during which he wrote more than 60 poems. In his "Song of Langshan" and "Song of Langshui", he praised the mountains in Langzhong for their energy and Songhua's rivalry, while the water, stone, and jasper in Langzhong depended on each other. Du Shaoling Temple is built on the mountain, maintaining the solemn and elegant style of the Tang and Song Dynasties. More than 70 poems, woodcuts, calligraphy and paintings hung in the front hall of the ancestral hall express the memory of the poet; ancient cultural relics, ancient wood lacquer furniture, etc. are displayed in the wings on both sides, adding to the Understand the ancient meaning of the ancestral hall. In the main hall is a white marble standing statue of Du Fu, who is writing attentively, pondering words and composing a new chapter. This sculpture is no longer an ancient relic, but we have learned that the patriotic poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty went to Langzhong twice to pay homage to the Shaoling Temple in the eighth year of Qiandao. He wrote about the scene of the Du Fu statue he saw in the poem "You Jinping Visits the Shaoling Temple". , you can get some impressions.

The poem says: The empty hall worships Zi Duzi, and the cold brows shine on the river. How many people have been wiped out in ancient times, but they are still immortal today. Du Fu, with his cold eyebrows, stayed alone in the temple for a long time and was respected by future generations, which meant that he would remain famous for eternity.

While walking and enjoying the scenery, we arrived at Song Liewenhou Temple, which is also Zhang Xian Temple. Speaking of Zhang Xian, some people may feel unfamiliar, but as long as he is Yue Fei's favorite general, he will know a lot. Zhang Xian was from the Jinping Mountain area. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei led troops to fight against the Jin Dynasty, and Zhang Xian joined Yue Fei's tent as a general. He was good at fighting, brave and loyal, and was awarded the title of Vice-Capital Commander. He was highly valued by Yue Fei and recruited him as his son-in-law. When the Yue family's army marched straight into Zhuxian Town and were about to drink Huanglong, the capitulation faction headed by Song Gaozong was afraid that they would lose their throne after Yue Fei welcomed back the Hui and Qin emperors, so they summoned Yue Fei's squadron with 12 gold medals in a row. He was charged with murdering Yue Fei. On December 29, the eleventh year of Shaoxing (January 27, 1142 AD), Zhang Xian, who was only 27 years old, was killed together with Yue Fei and his son in Fengbo Pavilion, Hangzhou, and were buried in Dongshan Port, not far from Yue Fei's tomb. Twenty years later, the Jin soldiers invaded the south again. In order to encourage his subjects to resist the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Xiaozong, who had just ascended the throne, rehabilitated the Yue family army and granted Zhang Xian the posthumous title of Commander of the Dragon God Guard Xiangdu, Langzhou Observer, and was given the title of Ning Yuancheng was the envoy. In the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the title of Marquis Liewen and a temple was built in his hometown of Langzhou to commemorate him.

The Zhang Xian Temple covers an area of ​​about 30 acres, facing east and west, surrounded by mountains on three sides. Coupled with the vigorous and proud green pines and cypresses, and the strong and soft camphor and green poplars, the temple is surrounded tightly, making it even more solemn and quiet. Placing the statue of Zhang Xian in the courtyard instead of in the palace is also a sign of his unique ingenuity: Zhang Xian was wronged for his great achievements, and his ambitions were unrewarded. Although he died, he was unwilling to accept it, so the statue did not sit firmly in the palace but stood in front of His Majesty. Look at him wearing golden armor, with his left hand holding a sword and his right hand stroking his waist, standing majestically and erect. Looking at his expression again, Yuan opened his eyes angrily, as if asking: What is the crime of resisting the Jin Dynasty and protecting the country? He frowned, seeming to be heartbroken at not being able to persuade Yue Fei's troops to return to the court. Seeing this, and thinking of the Tomb of King Yue and the Kneeling Statue of Qin Hui that have been infamous for thousands of years by the West Lake, we will all feel that history is the most just and people's hearts are the most just.

What we see now is the Star Observation Tower, which is the pride of Langzhong Ancient City. We have said at the beginning that in the brilliant starry sky studied in ancient astronomy of the motherland, there were magnificent scenes of stars vying for glory in Langzhong. He gave birth to three generations of great astronomers, including Luo Xiahong, Ren Wensun and his son, and Zhou Shu, who made outstanding contributions to astronomy and meteorology in my country. Langzhong became the largest astronomical research center in my country during the Han and Tang Dynasties. In particular, the great astronomer and almanacist Luo Xiahong was the author of the "Taichu Calendar" which was of epoch-making significance in the history of world astronomy. Luo Xiahong (156 BC - 87 BC), named Changgong, was a native of Langzhong City. He was proficient in astronomy and good at calculus. He was recruited by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and served as an official in Taishi to await imperial edicts. He made three greatest contributions to astronomical science in his life: first, he founded the theory of armillary sky, which believes that the universe is changing, and the changes are regular; second, he created the armillary sphere, which was the most scientific and precise celestial observer in the world at that time. , and built a star-gazing tower; the third was to create the Taichu Calendar, which was the first calendar recorded in history. Luo Xiahong's astronomical research achievements had a great impact on astronomical research in China and even the world. The British Joseph Needham said in "History of Chinese Science and Technology" that he was a brilliant constellation in the field of world astronomy.

Under the influence of Luo Xia Hong, astronomers Ren Wensun and Ren Wengong were born in the late Han Dynasty. On the basis of inheriting Luo Xia Hong’s astronomical research, Ren and his son had unique insights in meteorology and were able to Forecasting wind, rain, drought, and floods has made a huge contribution to the development of astronomy and meteorology.

During the Three Kingdoms period, three generations of Zhou Shu, Zhou Qun and Zhou Ju from Langzhong devoted themselves to the cause of astronomy, becoming another astronomical family after his father and son. They built a measuring platform in their own courtyard. They did not avoid the cold and heat, observed for many years, diligently accumulated data, made judgments, and came to very accurate conclusions.

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Due to the large number of astronomical research talents in Langzhong, many astronomical research experts in the past dynasties have been attracted here.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the famous astronomer Yuan Tiangang moved to the present site during the reign of Emperor Gaozong (650). Li Chunfeng also came to Langzhong in 1964 to continue his research in astronomy and mathematics. Li Chunfeng was also buried in Langzhong after his death.

The quaint main hall in front is the Jinping Forest of Steles, which contains more than 260 pieces of calligraphy, painting and ink by celebrities from past dynasties, with exquisite carvings and rich content. Among them, Zhang Fei's horse inscriptions and Hanli stele, Du Fu's poems, Wu Daozi's Guanyin, Zheng Banqiao's bamboo, and Zhang Shanzi's tiger are the most praised.

This is the Eight Immortals Cave. According to legend, Lu Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals, once practiced Taoism here. The cave is more than meters deep and about 17 meters wide. There are statues of the Eight Immortals. Outside the cave, the Feixian Pavilion has towering eaves and ancient trees covering the ground. It really has a beautiful atmosphere. No wonder Yuan Tiangang, an astrologer of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a big book on the mountain wall. This mountain is wiped out, and the heroic spirit is extinct.

Perhaps because of the legend that Lu Dongbin practiced Taoism here, later generations built a palace consisting of a group of buildings on the mountain and named it Lu Zu Pavilion. The building follows the direction of the mountain, with the central attic as the main body, supplemented by side halls and corridors, covering an area of ​​more than 2,000 square meters.

Some people say that when you stand at the entrance of the Eight Immortals Cave in Jinping Mountain and look at the ancient city of Langzhong, you can best see the wonderful Feng Shui of the ancient city and the superb ideas of the predecessors in building the city. You see, the Jialing River makes a big bend at the foot of the mountain, forming a peninsula on the other side. The river is clear and blue, like a jade belt girdled around the waist. The ancient city is built on the peninsula. Panlong Mountain is like a giant dragon lying behind it, and Jinping Mountain is like A painted screen protects the front, and the mountains on the left and right support it. The streets in the city are like flowers and leaves, echoing the mountains and rivers. The ancient city is based on an environment of harmonious coexistence with nature, which embodies the unity of nature and man and the endless life. The idea is of great scientific value. I don’t understand the science of Feng Shui, but I just find it intoxicating to see the ancient city from Jinping Mountain and the beautiful scenery of the mountains, rivers and towers complementing each other. Lu You's poem said it best: There are flying pavilions and dangerous pavilions in the city, and the city outline is like a brocade screen everywhere. Crossing the river to reach Jinping Mountain, I saw that the city outline was like a painting. No wonder Du Fu wrote a poem praising Jinping Mountain for visiting this place but never returned it. Dear guests, do you feel the same way! Ancient City Folk Residences

We are now going to visit the Langzhong Ancient City Reserve. The way of viewing is to freely combine and walk around, and return to the place of residence at the end of the day.

The ancient city protection zone in Langzhong is mostly built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and some still retain the characteristics of the late Tang Dynasty in style. With the towering Huaguang Tower as the axis, the ancient city spreads out in a fan shape. The streets are only 8 meters wide and the alleys are only two or three meters wide. The one-story blue-tiled bungalows are simple and elegant. The streets and alleys are filled with ancient residences and courtyards. When you open the courtyard door, you will find a screen wall in many cases. You can only enter the hospital by turning around the screen wall. After entering one courtyard, there are also two courtyards and three courtyards, a large courtyard with a small courtyard, patios connected to patios, pools and terraces with flowers and trees, cloisters and pavilions, which are antique. If you look closely, you will see that the long eaves covering the street, the tiled eaves above, and the wooden doors and windows below are all decorated with patterns and carvings, especially the wooden lattice windows. The patterns are varied and ingenious, and each one is exquisite. artwork. The upper panels, partitions, waist panels, and lower panels of doors and windows each have carvings, some of which are birds, some are flowers, or some are engraved with blessings, wealth, longevity, and joy. In addition to symbolizing good luck and unexpected events, they also have rich aesthetic taste. The architectural styles of each ancient residential courtyard are also different. Some are gorgeous for merchants, some are elegant for literati, and there are also grand and grand courtyards for officials and polygonal courtyards. If you stay in a hotel with a large courtyard and look at the flowers and trees in the courtyard through the flower windows, you can't help but feel a sense of nostalgia for the past. It's really delicious.

Okay, I will just say these. You can understand the meaning of it during the tour, and we will communicate with each other later. Now I am willing to join a group to go sightseeing. Who welcomes me? OK, let's go together...