The origin or history of sledding, inventors and time of invention.
1896, an Austrian named Zaski invented a method to push a pair of sledges into a snow slope at a certain inclination angle to control the downhill speed. At the beginning of the 20th century, Austrian Schneider developed a brand-new turning and braking technology based on Zasky's invention.
Since then, skiing has become more and more popular. Switzerland held its first curve skiing competition in 192 1. 1924 There was a Nordic skiing competition in the first Winter Olympics. 1936 alpine skiing was added to the Winter Olympics.
This sport entered our country relatively late. Before 1996, only professional athletes and skiers from the embassy in Beijing participated in this sport. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the number of people who go to ski resorts to experience skiing has reached tens of thousands every year, and it is on the rise year by year.
species
It can be roughly divided into three types: alpine, Nordic and freestyle.
Alpine style: skiing refers to sliding down a snowy slope. Its name comes from the downhill movement in the Alps, including various skills and movements, three of which are the most basic movements: straight down, crossing and turning.
Nordic style: skiing includes cross-country skiing and platform skiing. The name comes from the fact that the sport originated in the Nordic countries. Cross-country skiing is the most popular skiing method, and skiing jumping requires extraordinary courage and flying skills.
The official cross-country skiing events are: men's 2.5km, 3km, 5km, 8km,10km,15km, 30km and 50km; Women relay for men and women in 1km, 2.5km, 3km, 5km, 8km, 10km, 15km and 20km; Team competition. National events and competition sequence: 30 km, 15 km, 4× 10 km relay, 50 km for men; Women's 10 km, 5 km, 4× 10 km relay, 20 km. Strict requirements for site equipment, with circular and straight lines. Among them, uphill and downhill account for 1/3 respectively. The order of departure is determined by drawing lots.
Freestyle: Freestyle skiing is actually a stunt. Performers come down from the steep and rugged snow slope, and at the same time perform other thrilling stunts such as jumping, kicking and even somersaulting.
Snow slopes on high mountains
Official alpine skiing competitions are all held on the mountains above 1000 meters above sea level. The events include downhill, giant slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, biathlon, triathlon, monopolar slalom, monopolar slalom and team competition. Almighty is downhill, slewing and giant slalom. There is only one event in each group every day, and there is only one competition in downhill and super giant slalom. The giant slalom will slide on two different routes once a day. Turn around and slide on two different routes in the same day. In all-around events, all-around downhill, all-around obstacle and all-around obstacle usually slide only once.
Choice of location
Beginners should first practice on the flat ground with short distance and small slope. After repeated practice and improvement, it will gradually transition to a venue with long distance, large slope and fast speed. Every time you go to a ski resort, you must know something about the hardness and smoothness of the snow in the ski resort.
Organ material
Skiing equipment mainly includes snowboards, poles, boots, various fixers, ski boots, ski suits, helmet-shaped hats, colored mirrors, goggles and so on. Usually ski resorts have equipment for rent, so visitors may wish to rent it.
basic skill
Generally, beginners should choose the best skiing entry scheme according to their physical fitness, age, skiing foundation, venue conditions, available time and other factors. Because skiing is a manipulation technique in skiing, it is not easy for beginners to control the center of gravity and it is easy to form wrong movements. Therefore, from the first day of entry, under the strict guidance of professional and technical personnel, we should achieve the "three correctness" in posture, essentials and movements, start from practicing basic movements, firmly grasp the technical foundation, and lay the foundation for future improvement. Be sure to warm up before skiing and make appropriate preparations according to your personal situation. Stretch from the head, neck, shoulders, elbows, waist, wrist, buttocks, legs, knees, ankles and muscle ligaments, so that all organs and nervous systems of the whole body can be fully mobilized. Otherwise, sudden strenuous exercise or irregular movements will cause soft tissue injuries, such as tendon strain and ligament sprain.
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Skiing skillfully
1. Straight downhill skiing: that is, straight skiing. The specific method is as follows: put your feet on the snowboard and stand in the direction where you are about to slide. Snowboards must be parallel up and down, left and right, and the distance between the two boards should be the same as the shoulder and knee. The upper body and knees lean forward slightly, and the arms naturally droop and bend forward slightly. The two hands holding the staff are naturally placed on the front side of the thigh, and the tip of the staff is placed at the back 30~40 cm from the ground. When sliding down, the two skis must have equal strength. When taxiing, look ahead and relax.
2. Side support method: the upper body stands naturally, the distance between the two boards is shoulder width, jumping equally on the vertical line in the downward direction, and the outer side of the upper foot and the inner side of the lower foot push the ground.
3. Ploughing support method: First, support two wooden sticks to the hillside (the distance exceeds the first half of the snowboard and is slightly wider than the shoulder). When the support rod produces reaction force, the original snowboard on the side gradually moves to the plowing state. The upper body leans forward, the knees lean inward, and the inner edges of the two boards strike the ground hard to loosen the pole.
Safety and self-protection
1. Before preparing to slide down, observe the direction of the slide, and it is best to slide down when there are no people or few people in front, so as to avoid collision with others due to poor self-control ability.
2. Once a beginner feels dangerous when sliding and wants to stop but can't stop, one of the simplest and easiest ways is to fall on both sides.
3. Once you fall down during skiing, you should quickly stand up and continue skiing, or take off your skis immediately and walk to the edge of the snowfield as soon as possible to prevent being hurt by the latecomers.
A record of snow falling on a mountain.
1, carefully understand the height, width, length, slope and direction of the ski resort. Because alpine skiing is a high-speed sport, it seems that you can see it in a blink of an eye in a distant place. Skiers don't know the situation of the snow trail in advance, and once an accident occurs during skiing, there is no time to react, which is especially important for beginners.
2. Know the opening hours of the ski ropeway, and don't take it when there is no staff guarding it, because it is most likely that the staff will get off work at this time. After the staff arrive at the next stop, the ropeway will stop running. If you are hung in the air for one night, the probability of frostbite accident is very high.
3. Choose the ski trail that suits you according to your own level. Never overestimate your level and act rashly. Why don't you invite a ski instructor step by step?
4. If you don't know the situation ahead, or feel that ski equipment is abnormal, you should stop and check, and don't take any risks.
5. Be sure to keep your distance when skating together. You must not slide quickly to catch up with your companions. It is easy to fall or collide with others, and it is easy for novices to have such accidents.
6. Stop at the edge of the ski run during the break, don't stop on the steep slope, and always pay attention to the skiers who slide down from it.
7. If you fall out of control during taxiing, you should quickly lower your center of gravity, sit still and don't struggle at will. You can lift your limbs, bend down and let them slide down. Avoid bowing your head and absolutely avoid rolling.
8. Skiers with poor eyesight should not ski with contact lenses. If the contact lens is dropped, the possibility of getting it back is almost nonexistent. Try to wear glasses with framed resin lenses, which are not fragile after being hit.
Major ski resorts in China.
Yabuli Ski Resort: Yabuli Ski Resort is 200 kilometers away from Harbin and located in the southwest of Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province. It is 0/20km away from Mudanjiang City/kloc-. The altitude of Yabuli Ski Resort is 1000 meters, and the average temperature in winter is-10 degrees. Yabuli has 1 1 ski trails, with a total length of 30 kilometers, of which 5 kilometers pass through the countryside and 2 kilometers are dedicated to ski trails. In addition, there are three ski trails specially prepared for first-time skiers and one night ski trail specially prepared for night skiers. There is also a skating area for children.
Saibei Ski Resort: Saibei Ski Resort is located in the north of Chongli Magpie Beam in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. The ski resort is open from February to the end of March next year.
Yuquan Ski Resort: Located 65km southeast of Harbin.
Jingyuetan Ski Resort: In Changchun National Park, 8 kilometers away from Changchun. The skiing season lasts from the end of June 165438+ to the following March. The 2,400-meter-long snow trail can accommodate 65,438+10,000 people at the same time, and there is also a 5-kilometer-long rural snow trail. One of its unique features is its 1, 6 1.6-meter-long slide. You can take a horse-drawn sled, a dog-drawn sled or a deer-drawn sled here.
Beidahu Ski Resort in Jilin City: Located in Changbai Mountain, 56km away from Jilin City and 14 1 km away from Changchun City. The skiing season here is from 65438+February to March the following year. The international standard snow trail can accommodate 3000 people every day. The total length of the three snow trails is 8040 meters, and there is also a snow trail with a length of 10 km that runs through the forest. Ski facilities here are perfect, with the ability to hold national competitions, and there are also venues specially prepared for beginners.
Changbai Mountain Winter Training Center: Located in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, with an altitude of1640m to1820m. There are seven months in a year for skiing training, winter sports and winter tourism in Changbai Mountain.
Beijing Botanical Garden Dry Land Ski Resort: Xiangshan Ski Resort located in Xiangshan Botanical Garden is the first dry land ski resort in Beijing. Dry ski trails are made of PVC ski mats with friction coefficient similar to that of natural snow through special technology. When skiing, skiers only need to wear ordinary skis, hold poles, and follow the skiing skills and essentials of natural snow, so they can ski on dry trails. If you use other ski equipment, such as sledding and snowboarding, you will find that its effect is no different from natural snow. Besides, dry skiing is much safer and suitable for all ages. Xiangshan dry ski resort is open all year round and can accommodate 70 people skiing at the same time. It has three ski trails, which are primary, intermediate and advanced, for skiers of different levels to practice and entertain.