The symbolic meaning of blue and white porcelain patterns
Question 1: What is the meaning of blue and white porcelain? Blue and white porcelain was founded in the Tang Dynasty. The blue and white porcelain produced in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty marked the maturity of its production technology. People in the industry simply called it "Yuan blue and white". But what truly represents the highest achievement of blue and white porcelain is the "multicolored blue and white" produced by the official kiln during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Blue and white porcelain uses cobalt ore as raw material, depicts patterns on the ceramic body, then covers it with a thin layer of transparent glaze, and fires it once at high temperature. After firing, the glaze surface is fresh and translucent, and the decoration is flexible but regular. The blue and white color on the surface is subtle and calm, and it will become stronger over time. It can be described as "indelible". Today, the industry regards blue and white porcelain from the Yuan Dynasty and the blue and white porcelain produced by the official kilns in the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qian dynasties of the Qing Dynasty as the first choice for collection.
"White-glazed blue flowers are formed by fire, and the flowers are clearly transparent from the glaze. You can take advantage of the innate wonder of nature, and the infinite will come from Tai Chi." This statement by Mr. Gong Shi of the Qing Dynasty is indeed true. Blue and white porcelain is extremely sophisticated in terms of materials, decoration, firing time and production process, so the frequency of use of blue and white porcelain in ancient times was quite high. Blue and white porcelain is often used as containers in ordinary homes. It is hard, wear-resistant and not easily damaged. Most of the scholarly families and official families use blue and white porcelain as decorations, which is a symbol of identity and status. It can be said that everyone gets what they need.
With the rise of collections and the continuous improvement of counterfeiting technology, preventing "eye-catching" is a compulsory course for collectors of blue and white porcelain. "Word" and "evaluation value" are four jargons that collectors of blue and white porcelain are familiar with to identify blue and white porcelain. First of all, you can use your eyes to look at the glaze, the shape, the materials, and the patterns. Authentic blue and white porcelain has elegant colors and reasonable patterns. Orderly, delicate and smooth surface, fine production process. However, because it is difficult to grasp the essence of blue and white porcelain production in modern counterfeits, most of them are rough in workmanship and can be recognized at a glance. There are also a few fakes with finer workmanship that require careful inspection. Most of the fakes are dark, not smooth and bright, and the patterns are messy and random. Secondly, if it is difficult to determine the authenticity with the naked eye, we can also use modern technical means such as scientific instruments to identify it.
At present, the reason why blue and white porcelain has an increasingly high market value, and the reason why its price has doubled, is mainly determined by the historical and cultural value, scientific and technological value, and aesthetic and artistic value of blue and white porcelain itself. of. Mr. Zhou Daoxiang, an expert in the collection of ancient ceramics in Nanjing, believes that cyan was one of people's favorite colors in ancient times and is less likely to cause visual fatigue. In addition, blue and white porcelain also has a series of "metaphorical" meanings. Ancient scholars hoped that "the blue is better than the blue". After entering the official career, they had the desire to "go straight up to the top" and longed to be a "blue sky" loved by the people. Even after he removed his armor and returned to his fields, he still hoped to be "famous in history" and "leave his loyal heart to reflect history." The importance of "green" in the hearts of scholars at that time can be seen.
At present, "the plain embryo outlines the blue and white brush strokes, and the peonies depicted on the bottle are just like your first makeup..." Blue and white porcelain has not only become the object of songs singing about Chinese style, but also appears on some current clothing Blue and white patterns were also printed, especially the blue and white cheongsam. Nowadays, it is not difficult to find the shadow of blue and white on our daily tableware, tea sets and other items, which shows the status and complex of "blue and white" in the hearts of Chinese people.
Question 2: What is the meaning of blue and white porcelain? 1. Overview
Blue and white porcelain is also called white ground blue and white porcelain. It uses cobalt ore containing cobalt oxide as raw material, depicts patterns on the ceramic body, then covers it with a layer of transparent glaze, and undergoes a high-temperature reduction flame. fired. Cobalt material turns blue after being fired. It has the characteristics of strong tinting power, bright color, high firing rate and stable color. The earliest blue and white porcelain specimens discovered so far are from the Tang Dynasty; mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Yuan Dynasty; blue and white porcelain became the mainstream of porcelain in the Ming Dynasty; and it reached its peak during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, varieties such as blue and white with red color, peacock green glazed blue and white, bean green glazed blue and white, blue and white with red color, yellow ground blue and white, Ge glazed blue and white were also created and burned.
2. Green material
(1) Su Ni Ma Qing
Namely Su Ni Bo Qing, Subo Ni Qing, Suma Li Qing, etc. The origin of its name is said to be the transliteration of the Persian "Sulaiman".
The origin of this cobalt material is in the village of Kwamsa in Boska Mountain. The villagers believe that a man named Suleiman discovered this cobalt material, so the material was named after him. Another way of saying it is that Su Ni Ma Qing should be Su Ma Li Qing, which is the transliteration of English *** alt, which means a kind of blue glass. This material is a low-manganese, high-iron cobalt material, so the blue and white colors are thick and green, with "rust marks", commonly known as "tin light". Part of the blue and white flowers of the Yuan Dynasty and the green materials used in the official kilns of Yongle and Xuande in the Ming Dynasty are all of this type, and they are all produced in ancient Persia or present-day Syria.
(2) Pingpingqing
Also known as Pitangqing, it is produced in Leping, Jiangxi. It was used in the late "Blank Period" of Ming Dynasty and the early years of Chenghua, Hongzhi and Zhengde. The color of this material is elegant, bright and stable, which made Chenghua blue and white wares famous for a while.
(3) Shi Ziqing
Also known as Shi Qing, it is produced in the Gao'an, Yifeng and Shanggao areas of Jiangxi. When this material is used alone, the blue and white will turn gray or even black. This material was commonly used in folk kilns in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was used in official kilns to blend with Huiqing.
(4) Huiqing
There are many sayings that it is produced in the Western Regions, Xinjiang, Yunnan and so on. The color of this material is green and purple. If used alone, it will be scattered and not collected. Therefore, it is often mixed with Shiziqing. This material was often used from Jiajing to the early Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Among them, it is divided into upper cyan: mixed with Shizi Qing 10, used for mixing water (filling color), and the color is green and bright; medium cyan: mixed with Shizi Qing 40, used for coloring (outlining), making the strokes clear and clear.
(5) Zhejiang material
Also called asphalt, it is produced in Shaoxing and Jinhua, Zhejiang. Among the domestic materials, Zhejiang material is the most superior, with its green color. From the mid-Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, this material was used in the blue and white wares of Jingdezhen official kilns.
(6) Zhuming material
Produced in Xuanwei, Huize, Yiliang and other counties in Yunnan, among which Xuanwei material is the best. The hair color of this material is bright and pure. Kangxi blue and white mostly used this material.
Most of the above-mentioned domestic cobalt materials are high manganese.
(7) Chemical green material
Green material prepared from the chemical cobalt oxide. The hair color is purple-blue, pure and rich, but it is frivolous and lacks adhesion, and the price is also low. The blue and white wares made using this material lack the beauty of natural green materials.
3. Inscriptions
Ancient blue and white porcelain in my country has elegant and elegant paintings and decorations. There are many types of text and patterns on the bottom of the porcelain. The inscriptions in each period have distinctive characteristics of the times. According to the inscriptions on blue and white porcelain Judging from the form and type, it can be mainly divided into five categories: chronological type, auspicious words type, hall name type, praise type and decorative type.
(1) Chronological mark
On blue and white porcelain, the mark indicating the year when the porcelain was fired is written, carved, printed, etc., which is called the chronological mark. The designation of ancient porcelain in my country is mainly based on the chronological date. The chronological designation is divided into two types: the emperor's year number and the stem and branch money that use the heavenly stems and earthly branches to indicate the year number. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, year markings began to appear on blue and white porcelain, with elegant and smooth seal script fonts and lotus petal patterns on the edges. The Xuanjing model is dignified and vigorous. Chenghua style iron-marked silver hook, with cloudy air on the glaze. The Jiajing style's strokes are thick and heavy, with strength hidden in the beauty. The predecessors have summarized the chronology of the Ming Dynasty into five sentences: "The Xuande style is rich, the Chenghua style is fat, the Hongzhi style is showy, the Zhengde style is respectful, and the Jiajing style is miscellaneous". The Kangxi style of the Qing Dynasty has neat fonts and bright blue and white materials. Yongzheng's regular script is vigorous and powerful, and the format is exquisite. Most of the Qianlong, Jia, and Daoguang styles are in seal script, and the fonts are arranged closely, just like a seal seal. Among the modern designations, there are many "Jiangxi Porcelain Company" designations, with elegant regular script. Among them, there is also the English designation "CHINA", which is a symbol of modern export porcelain and is the earliest English designation used in blue and white. The blue and white porcelain of private kilns has very few chronological inscriptions, such as "Made in the next year" and so on, with sloppy fonts. The writing is very casual.
(2) Auspicious words
Writing words and phrases with auspicious meanings are often seen on folk blue and white porcelain. The fonts are mostly cursive, elegant and smooth. Phrases such as "Longevity, longevity and prosperity", "Longevity and prosperity", "Wanfu and Youtong" express people's yearning for a happy life.
(3) Hall name inscription
Write the elegant hall name and person’s name on the porcelain...gt; gt;
Question 3 : The pattern of the blue and white porcelain jade pendant is a phoenix. What does it mean? Is it blue and white porcelain or a jade pendant?
The meaning of the phoenix is endless life, a beautiful life, peace in the world, peace and auspiciousness. All are the best wishes.
Question 4: What types of blue and white porcelain patterns are there? Ancient blue and white porcelain in my country has beautiful and elegant painting decorations. There are many kinds of text and patterns on the bottom of the porcelain. The styles of each period have distinctive characteristics of the times. According to the blue and white porcelain styles Judging from the form and type, it can be mainly divided into five categories: chronological type, auspicious words type, hall name type, praise type and decorative type.
(1) Chronological mark
On blue and white porcelain, the mark indicating the year when the porcelain was fired is written, carved, printed, etc., which is called the chronological mark. The designation of ancient porcelain in my country is mainly based on chronology. There are two types of chronology: the emperor's year number and the stem and branch designation that uses the heavenly stems and earthly branches to indicate the year number. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, year markings began to appear on blue and white porcelain, with elegant and smooth seal script fonts and lotus petal patterns on the edges. The Xuanjing model is dignified and vigorous. Chenghua style iron-marked silver hook, with cloudy air on the glaze. The Jiajing style's strokes are thick and heavy, with strength hidden in the beauty. The predecessors have summarized the chronology of the Ming Dynasty into five sentences: "The Xuande style is rich, the Chenghua style is fat, the Hongzhi style is showy, the Zhengde style is respectful, and the Jiajing style is miscellaneous". The Kangxi style of the Qing Dynasty has neat fonts and bright blue and white materials. Yongzheng's regular script is vigorous and powerful, and the format is exquisite. Most of the Qianlong, Jia, and Daoguang styles are in seal script, and the fonts are arranged closely, just like a seal seal. Among the modern designations, there are many "Jiangxi Porcelain Company" designations, with elegant regular script. Among them, there is also the English designation "CHINA", which is a symbol of modern export porcelain and is the earliest English designation used in blue and white. The blue and white porcelain of private kilns has very few chronological inscriptions, such as "Made in the next year" and so on, with sloppy fonts. The writing is very casual.
(2) Auspicious words
Writing words and phrases with auspicious meanings are often seen on folk blue and white porcelain. The fonts are mostly cursive, elegant and smooth. Phrases such as "Longevity, longevity and prosperity", "Longevity and prosperity", "Wanfu and Youtong" express people's yearning for a happy life.
(3) Hall name
The elegant hall name and person’s name are written on the porcelain as a symbol of private collection. There are "Yuyan Bookstore", "Ruoshen Collection", "Baiyuzhai" and so on. The famous porcelain is well made and has high collection value.
(4) Praise
It expresses the ceramic art's love for porcelain, such as "Jade Treasures", "Modern and Ancient Treasures", "Changjiang Beautiful Jade", etc. The four-character "Gowadi Jade" style is fresh, elegant and interesting. "Tile" refers to pottery, which has a longer history than porcelain and is the elder brother. However, porcelain is whiter and smoother than the beautiful "jade", so "jade" can only be regarded as the "younger brother".
(5) Decorated style
Also called "Flower style", it decorates the bottom of the vessel with simple patterns, which is a characteristic of folk blue and white porcelain and is closely related to the "Xiao-shaped seal" in seal cutting. There are similarities but similar effects. The patterns include Bogutu, Dark Eight Immortals, Eight Auspicious Things, etc. Among the decorative patterns, the "dried bean curd pattern" has a diamond-shaped frame structure, like a high-rise building in modern architecture. It is the mark of a folk workshop, also called a "monogram."
Question 5: The artistic characteristics of blue and white porcelain Blue and white porcelain
Introduction
Blue and white porcelain uses natural cobalt material to paint and decorate on white mud, and then covers it with transparent glaze. Then it is fired at a high temperature of about 1300 degrees Celsius, so that the color material can fully penetrate into the glaze, showing a verdant blue pattern, which looks quiet, beautiful, clear and elegant. Blue and white is the most distinctive porcelain decoration in my country. It is a type of underglaze colored porcelain and one of the earliest methods of ceramic decoration in my country.
Gong Shi of the Qing Dynasty praised blue and white porcelain in his "Pottery Song": "The white glaze blue and white porcelain is made by fire, and the flowers are clearly transparent from the glaze. It can be seen from the innate wonderfulness of nature, and the origin of Wuji is Tai Chi."
Appreciation
Ancient ceramic inscriptions are an important basis for identifying the age of their production. Since the fonts, writing methods, materials, colors and styles of the inscriptions on blue and white porcelain in the past dynasties all have their own distinctive characteristics, so , as long as you master the basic rules of style recognition, you can accurately judge the age and kiln mouth of ancient porcelain. The calligraphy and patterns in ancient blue and white porcelain also have great reference value for the innovation of calligraphy, painting and seal cutting art.
Features
Blue and white is the most ethnic porcelain decoration in my country, and it is also one of the earliest methods of ceramic decoration in my country. Its characteristics are: first, strong tinting power, bright hair color, and stable color; second, the decoration will never fade; third, it is rich and colorful, clear and elegant, and has the artistic charm of Chinese ink painting; fourth, it does not contain toxic elements such as lead and arsenic, which is harmful to It has no toxic side effects on the human body; fifth, it is not only suitable for decorating daily-use porcelain such as meals and tea sets, but also suitable for decorating vases, vats and other display porcelain; sixth, its raw material contains rich cobalt-containing natural minerals.
History
Blue and white porcelain began in the Tang and Song Dynasties, but by the Yuan Dynasty, the production of blue and white porcelain in Jingdezhen had matured. This was an era of progress in the history of my country's porcelain making. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the use of shadow-green carvings was relatively common. Since the emergence of solemn and vigorous blue and white, the decorative use of shadow-green carvings has gradually taken a back seat. During the Yongle, Xuande, and Chenghua years of the Ming Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain of the Jiajing, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties was the most prominent, with the blue and white of the Kangxi dynasty being the most prominent. It had a crystal clear, green, bright and quiet artistic effect. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, blue and white porcelain became the first Chinese porcelain. The mainstream of production, it is loved by people and has become a must-have item for emperors, concubines and dignitaries. Even Europeans often show off their wealth by collecting blue and white porcelain. It is said that the King of Saxony in the 15th century actually used 4 troops of the Guards to exchange 12 blue and white porcelain vases with the monarch of a neighboring country to please the new queen.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jingdezhen's blue and white porcelain inherited the excellent traditions of the past dynasties and developed new varieties that are fresh, bright and contemporary. They have won awards in gift porcelain, exhibit porcelain boxes, and domestic and foreign commercial porcelain. achieved remarkable results. Not only do state agencies, the Great Hall of the People, and more than 100 Chinese embassies abroad use blue and white porcelain, but almost all hotels, restaurants, and even work units, groups, and families in major and medium-sized cities across the country use blue and white porcelain. What's more worth mentioning is that blue and white porcelain has become a precious gift in my country's diplomatic etiquette. For example, when U.S. President Nixon visited China in 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai gave him a set of precious blue and white tableware; in October 1978, when Vice Prime Minister *** visited Japan, he presented blue and white stationery to the Japanese Crown Prince and Prime Minister Fukuda.
Generally speaking, modern Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain has a white enamel with a bluish lining, a verdant color, a beautiful and elegant shape, and a simple and elegant decorative effect. Among the many varieties of blue and white porcelain, the "blue and white sycamore tableware" produced by the People's Porcelain Factory is a representative product of blue and white porcelain. It consists of dozens or even a hundred pieces of porcelain of different sizes and shapes. The shape is light and generous, the outline is beautiful and well-proportioned, the lines are neat and delicate, and the colors are harmonious and attractive.
"Wutong" refers to the name of the traditional blue and white painting. "Wutong" means auspiciousness. This is based on the beautiful sentence of Chinese folklore "Wutong attracts phoenixes". Through the ingenious combination of points, lines and surfaces, the painting ideally depicts the garden scenery of the south of the Yangtze River: nearby are stone bridges, almond trees, flower and bird forests, pavilions and pavilions, and in the distance are mountains and flat waves. Such scenery of lakes and mountains is indeed It has the artistic conception of "white waves and green peaks are otherworldly". The artist uses the scatter-point perspective method of Chinese painting to narrate complex scenes, objects, and people on a single picture, and uses hanging bead patterns to decorate it, and the middle is lined with "eight treasures" patterns that symbolize auspiciousness among folk people. The whole picture is profound in conception, profound in meaning, and has strong national color and oriental art style. In addition to the "Wu Tong", the excellent pictures are also decorated with hibiscus, begonia, lotus, Dunhuang, double dragon, mallow, goldfish and other decorations. They are either plump and rigorous, dignified and beautiful, or free and poetic, which is pleasing to the eye and cannot be put down.
In 1979, the blue and white sycamore tableware produced by the People's Porcelain Factory won the National Gold Medal for Quality Products. In 1984, it also won the French Leipzig, Czech Republic... gt; gt;
Question 6: Blue and white porcelain of the Ming and Qing Dynasties The cultural connotation of auspicious patterns The cultural connotation of auspicious patterns on blue and white porcelain of the Ming and Qing Dynasties As a traditional Chinese culture, auspicious patterns are also closely integrated with traditional Chinese thought, forming many auspicious allegorical works with classical Chinese thought patterns represented by the coordination of yin and yang and the unity of truth, goodness and beauty. It also includes the expression of various auspicious patterns, the representative ones include symmetrical and balanced composition methods, the use of natural forms, metaphors and symbolic techniques, returning to the essence of human nature, etc.
Question 7: Blue and white porcelain has rich patterns. Does bamboo have any meaning? Photographing the bottom of a kindergarten teacher’s skirt pan.baidu/s/1o8cybns
Question 8: The order of describing the blue and white porcelain patterns, for example, what kind of texture (twining branch pattern), what kind of picture to find a considerate l caring and caring A boyfriend who lives well with confidence e
Question 9: Appreciation of "Blue and White Porcelain". The surprise brought to us by "Blue and White Porcelain" is that this parting sentiment is described more gently and delicately, hidden more implicitly and has a unique charm, like a green olive in the mouth, which can be slowly savored. In terms of artistic conception, "Blue and White Porcelain" is like an ink landscape of the south of the Yangtze River in mist and mist. Between the budding water and clouds, you can vaguely see the beauty's white clothes and skirts flying; in terms of lyrics, "Blue and White Porcelain" is a picture of pure heart written by the window with a delicate pen. Notes, the writing is tortuous just because the heart is like a double mesh with thousands of knots; in terms of tune, "Blue and White Porcelain" is like a mountain spring and stream flowing quietly on the stone in the breeze, clear and translucent, yet winding and looping with endless meanings; These three are superimposed into one place, and the song "Blue and White Porcelain" is just like its name. It is just like the best celadon that "takes care of its own beauty", washed away all the lead, simple and elegant, fresh and smooth. The guzheng is played, the teeth are crisp, the pipa is clattering, and the Chinese style of "Blue and White Porcelain" is particularly moving. Fang Wenshan used a series of words such as "plain embryo", "lady" and "Han Li" to describe the style of blue and white porcelain handed down from ancient times. Jay Chou's singing voice is tender and simple, with a hint of the prototype of Jiangnan opera. His exquisite lyrics and retro music constitute a ramp; B masterpiece. In "Blue and White Porcelain" I heard the faint sadness of revisiting old places in "East Wind Breaks", as if things were different from human beings, in "Hair Like Snow", I heard the gentle sigh of the endless reincarnation of the past and the next, and also heard the "Thousands of Miles Away". 》An unforgettable life-long wait on opposite sides of the world, and even heard the eternal love vows in "Love in BC" that have been weathered for thousands of years... My heart is full of mixed feelings, and the thoughts are rolling like a tide, but there is still only a faint whisper in my ears Just singing, the clouds are clear and the wind is clear. The most touching word in "Blue and White Porcelain", I thought was the word "wait". The word "wait" expresses so much helplessness and sadness. This wait is a hopeless wait, a wait for the next life, a wait that you know you can't wait for, but the song is sung in a light tone, it's ordinary, as if it's as simple as just waiting for the sunrise every day; while waiting, , you can read and write, you can recite poems and paint, you can enjoy flowers and play the piano, but you never forget the people who are waiting. Painful? No, "Blue and White Porcelain" is sung so leisurely that the sorrow and hatred of separation can be slowly washed away. What if we can’t ask for it, or if we love it apart? All living beings suffer, and waiting is also a beautiful mood. It is better to regard the encounter in this life as just a foreshadowing of the reunion in the next life. Thinking about it this way, I can't help but feel relieved. Even if we can't meet each other again, we should still be grateful for the chance encounter we had. Who can privately own Mount Fuji out of love? Blue and white porcelain is the same. At least, we can look at the smoke from the Jiangnan across thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, and silently miss the faint back in our memories across the vast sea of people, just like quietly appreciating the unchanging beauty of blue and white porcelain handed down from generation to generation across the layers of history. The rain outside the banana curtain is rushing, and time is passing by in a hurry; the face in the blue and white porcelain is old, but I am the only one who is getting old, and your beauty will always be fixed in the blue and white porcelain that will never fade. You can appreciate it, play with it, and watch it. .
About: Azure Waiting for Misty Rain (original author: lavender2390) In the production of ceramics, azure is a very difficult color to make because when it is fired in the furnace, it must be the color of Misty Rain on the glaze at the moment it comes out of the furnace. The requirements for the temperature of the fire and so on are very high, so generally speaking, Yuguo Tianqing porcelain has always been rare and expensive. Basically, if a Yuguo Tianqing was fired in an official kiln in the past, it is rarely seen among the people. There are very few of them, and they all require tribute. If they were kept to this day, the market price would be no less than one million. So the meaning of this lyric is: mist and rain are part of the vitality of the sky, just like you are to me. The paragraph actually clearly explains the object described in the lyrics. "I" color the embryo, While thinking about a Jiangnan woman who was as beautiful as blue and white porcelain I once met. Amidst the slowly scented sandalwood, my heart is slightly sour and I can no longer paint. Even if I am a master of painting, the peonies on the bottle are not as good as the beauty's budding smile. I don't know where the jade is in life, and I can't help but feel sad. Judging from the writing style and the images chosen, the opening is a straightforward narration, not gorgeous in words, but it has already set the tone of the entire article, which is clear and elegant. It is worth mentioning that "went to" is a typical Taiwanese expression, and changing it to "went" is more in line with the language habits of the mainland. "The sky is blue waiting for misty rain, and I'm waiting for you" is the key word in the whole text, elegant and affectionate. Some people mistakenly believe that "the sky is waiting for misty rain" and other statements are because they still lack a certain understanding of blue and white porcelain. "Azure after rain" is the top grade of blue and white porcelain. It is extremely rare and is also the most beautiful color. This kind of glaze color can only be burned in misty and rainy days (from a modern scientific perspective, it is actually mainly due to humidity). Therefore, it can be produced in misty and rainy days...gt;gt;