How many generations are there in Zhao Kuangyin?
(A) mistakenly equate "Zhuo Jun" with "Zhuozhou"
This is the original reason for the mystery of Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home.
Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home is generally called Zhuo Jun in ancient historical materials, but in many modern works and articles, it is mistakenly recorded as a native of Zhuozhou, Zhao Kuangyin. So, how did Zhuo Jun evolve into Zhuozhou? Open the history page and you will understand. "The History of the Song Dynasty, Taizong Ancestral" records: "Taizu ... taboo Kuang Yin, surnamed Zhao, is also a human being." Based on this, historical records before modern times are only repetition and inheritance. Chen Bangzhan's Chronicle of Song History in Ming Dynasty was published in one volume: "Emperor, Zhuo Junren." Wang Shizhen and Huang Yuan in the Ming Dynasty compiled Notes and Comments on the Twenty-eight Years of Shi Gang Supplement: "Emperor Kuang Yin, surnamed Zhao, was born in." In Qing Dynasty, Bi Yuan's As a Mirror for Continuing Capital Management said: "Emperor Kuang Yin, surnamed Zhao, was a Zhuo Junren." It was only in modern times that some traditional sayings appeared. The General History of China, written by the famous historian Mr. Zhou Gucheng, still follows the old saying: "Zhao Kuangyin is an outstanding man". The General History of China, edited by historian Mr. Bai Shouyi, has changed in inheritance: "Song Taizu: his ancestral home is Zhuo Jun (now Zhuozhou, Hebei)". Here, Zhuozhou is used to annotate that Zhuo Jun is the source of mistakes. Strictly speaking, it should be said that "Zhuo Jun's office was in Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province". Many modern books, such as "Ci Hai" and "China Historical Dictionary", are even more indiscriminate, pointing Zhao Kuangyin at Zhuozhou people. From the above historical materials and books, it is not difficult to see the origin, causes and changes of "Zhuo Junren in Zhao Kuangyin". It can be seen that people's views on Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home have changed. Before modern times, there was only the word "Zhuo Jun". Only in modern times did some people blindly and indiscriminately equate Zhuo Jun with Zhuozhou. As we all know, Zhuo Jun cannot be equated with Zhuozhou, just as Guangdong cannot be equated with Guangzhou, and Fujian and Guangdong cannot be equated with Fuzhou. Because, at first, these are two different partition concepts.
What does Zhuo Jun mean? To understand this problem, we should first understand the scope and historical evolution of Zhuo Jun. "Hanshu" contains: "Zhuo Jun, the Gaudi family. Rude. It belongs to Youzhou ... County 29 ". [1] Zhuo Jun was founded in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 1 BC). It covers a wide area, from Daxing and Liangxiang in Beijing in the north to Anping County in Hengshui City in the south-central part of Hebei Province in the south. Today, most of Zhuozhou City and Qingyuan County are under its jurisdiction. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei was renamed Fanyang County, and the Sui Dynasty changed Youzhou to County. After the Tang Dynasty, the administrative division name of Zhuo Jun disappeared from the historical map of China. Zhuozhou, of course, has no history of establishing Zhuo Jun or Lizhuojun in the Northern Song Dynasty, but is the territory of Liao State. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Qingyuan County was directly subordinate to Hebei West Road and had nothing to do with Zhuo Jun. It can be seen that Zhuo Jun mentioned in the history of Song Dynasty is just a habitual title borrowed from the names of ancient administrative divisions, just as people still call Hebei Zhao Yan. Therefore, it is very wrong to use Zhuozhou instead of Zhuojun to determine Song Taizu's ancestral home.
In the history books, the names of the previous generations are generally used as a general reference: "Ji Bu, Chu people are also." [2] "Li Qiyun ... was born in Zhao." [3] "Toarey Yang, a native of Liaodong." [4]
This situation is even more obvious in the History of Song Dynasty: "Tian Chongjin was born in Youzhou." "Li, from Youzhou." "Gao Qiong, Yan Jia." "Li Qingchen, the word is straight, and Ren Wei is also." (There were no organizational names of Youzhou, Yan and Wei in Song and Liao Dynasties)
However, if there are no special circumstances in the history books, the records of people's household registration places are generally clear. In the history of the Song Dynasty, there is a feature in the records of people's native places, most of which are ruled by the state first. Because there was no county in Song Dynasty, its administrative system was composed of roads, prefectures, prefectures, armies, prisons and counties. Those who are indeed Zhuozhou people or Fanyang people also record clearly: "Wang Zezhe is from Zhuozhou." "Liu Tingrang was born in Fanyang, Zhuozhou."
Why is Zhuo Jun, which was abandoned in the Song Dynasty, called the ancestral home of Zhao Kuangyin? Is this due to lack of information, ambiguity or controversy, or is it intended to improve the face of Zhao Kuangyin County? I think it should be the latter. Because in the same book "History of Song Dynasty", the hometown and ancestral graves of Zhao's royal family are clearly recorded in Baozhou. From this perspective, the author of History of Song Dynasty is clear about Zhao's royal hometown in Baozhou, and has a clear historical basis, saying that his "person" is only commensurate with his ancestral home. This is not a mistake in the history of the Song Dynasty. It is a tradition of the Chinese nation to call one's native place by county, especially in feudal society. Qian Daxin, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, once said, "Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the literati began to look at the county." . Zhang Taiyan also said in "A Brief History": "The title of the Tang Dynasty is based on the county." So, what is county hope? Wang Jun is a unique category in the surname culture of China, and it was a very popular surname in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Middle Ages. "Wang Jun was an aristocratic family in various counties during the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and was looked up to by a county, so it was called Wang Jun." [5] The name of Junwang began in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and remains unchanged in the Chinese world. Junwang, in its original meaning, refers to the aristocratic family within a county, and later refers to the root and birthplace of a family. When the county has disappeared as a first-class administrative division, it can remain in people's hearts forever and become the foundation for all ethnic groups to take root. "Hundreds of Surnames Counties and Counties" adds county names to each surname, indicating that there was a noble family with a surname in ancient times. Mr. Lin Heng Dao, chairman of the Taiwan Province Literature Society, believes that the county is an auspicious place named after it in the Qin and Han Dynasties two thousand years ago. Therefore, this tradition can still be clearly reflected in Taiwan Province Province. For example, a person surnamed Huang in Taiwan Province Province wrote "Jiangxia County" on the lintel of the gate to show that his ancestral home is in Jiangxia (Jiangxia County is located in the northwest of Huanggang County, Hubei Province). It can be seen that Zhao Kuangyin's "Zhuo Jun Ren Ye" in the Song Dynasty is different from the record of Baozhou, Zhao Kuangyin's hometown in the same book, but it is not contradictory in general and specific directions.
Due to the forgetfulness of history and the confusion of evolutionism mistakes, in the eyes of many people, Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home's "Qingyuan Theory" is a bit unconventional and a "new solution". No wonder many books and periodicals in the last century made a mess of this problem. Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home in Zhuozhou seems to be the golden rule, and even some scholars today regard it as a "conclusion" under the influence of herd mentality. However, when we open the dusty historical materials, we suddenly realize that Zhuozhou is actually a mistake of Zhuo Jun.
The new explanation is relative to the old one. For example, today is a new yesterday, and the day before yesterday is an old yesterday. Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home in Zhuozhou is just a "new theory" in books and periodicals (which can't be called historical materials or classics) in the past century. Its origin is Zhuo Jun, a big old division concept including present Zhuozhou and Qingyuan, which was misunderstood as Zhuozhou. And a few decades ago, in many historical materials of nearly a thousand years, there was not a word about Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home in Zhuozhou, which was specially designated as Baozhou, which is today's Qingyuan County. Except for Zhuo Jun, it is commensurate with the prestige of the county. In this way, Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home has long been a traditional saying in Qingyuan County. Compared with the historical data thousands of years ago, the "Zhuozhou Theory" of Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home is the real "new explanation".
(2) The life experience of ancestors from Zhao Kuangyin.
Discrimination of royal hometown
After Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, he posthumously named his great-grandfather, Zhao Shu, as Wendi, with the temple number Nuo Zu and the tomb number Qin Mausoleum. Great-grandfather Zhao Kuangyin was Emperor Huiyuan, with the temple number Shunzu and the mausoleum number Kangling. Grandfather Zhao Jing was the emperor of Jian Gong, with the temple name Yizu and the tomb Dingling (later changed to Jingling); Father Zhao Yinhong is Emperor Zhaowu, the temple name is Xuanzu, and the mausoleum is Yong 'an Mausoleum.
Zhao Bi, the great-grandfather of Zhao Kuangyin, was born in the late Tang Dynasty. He was an official in Yongqing, Wen 'an and Youyou. Youdu is now Beijing, a small jurisdiction. Wu Chuhou's "Blue Box Miscellaneous Notes" records: "Therefore, the Zhao family is from Baozhou, while Nuo, Shun, Yi and Xuanzu were all born in Heshuo." [6] Accordingly, Zhao Yi should live in Baozhou in his early years. The Compilation of Song and Yao Hui records: "Zu Qi, later Zhao Yin Guanghan, was born in Yanji." [7] Yanji is just a general term for the ancient Youzhou area, which still includes Qingyuan County. Zhao Shi's life in his later years has no historical records. Some people say that "Gaozu lived in Youzhou in his later years" is subjective and has no basis.
Zhao Kuangyin's great-grandfather, Zhao Wei (Shunzu), worked in the buffer region and was a junior official with a very low position. From then on, the tired and remonstrated official Cheng was only a part-time official in name only, and had no actual position. At that time, the phenomenon of using this false name to increase officials was very common in society and was not taken seriously by society. [8] At present, the specific place where he was an official is not recorded in historical materials, and it should be a buffer region of Hebei generation. According to the above Qing Xiang Miscellanies, Zhao Wei also lived in Baozhou in his early years. His later life is unknown. However, judging from the folk who lived in his hometown of Baozhou when his son Zhao Jing was a teenager, Zhao Da's old age seems to be not good, and it is more likely that he will retire or return to his hometown of Baozhou after becoming an official.
Zhao Kuangyin's grandfather, Zhao Jing (Yi), was once the secretariat of Mars, Yuji and Zhuozhou. He is a key figure in showing Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home. His early life has a clear record. In the epitaph of Su Shunqin Gong Liu in Song Dynasty, it is recorded that:
Public taboo, the word scholar bin, the world accounts for a few, in Baosai County, Baozhou. Great-grandfather was strict, not an official. Zuchang, secretariat of the later Tang Dynasty, secretariat of Pingzhou, secretariat of Jiken. Baosai, the hometown of the royal family. Ming Chengzu was in the crowd. Yin Chang knew that he was special, so he returned to Xi Nv. Now the name of the temple is Queen Jian Mu. Father Shen Qi, at the beginning of Mao's business, relied on the opportunity to make the company shut down the water. After several deadly battles, I'd like to introduce General Zuo Wei. Mother Zhang, Mrs. Feng of Qinghe County. His wife entered the palace and went out, and Taizong tasted the old township party and gave it to many people. [9]
Liu Wenzhi is the nephew of Queen Jane Mu, the wife of Zhao Kuangyin's grandfather Zhao Jing, and an important member of the "township party" in Zhao and Song Dynasties. According to the history of Song Dynasty, he was born in Baozhou and Baosai, and the queen Jane Mu was a follower of Sunyeh. Father Shen Qi, Hulao Pass's special envoy, never begged Li Zhongjin to die. Young scholars were banned from their mothers, and Emperor Taizong granted them the right to stay in the temple and moved to the west to worship officials and send them to class. The emperor was very close to him, and he visited him several times for other things. Dou, the chamberlain, said, "My closest relatives are loyal and give me 100 Jin of platinum." Simple in writing and close to the people, my father died, so I gave it to different generals before and after. Zhenzong tried to ask Baosai about the past, and Xuanzu and Taizu gave five letters. Renzong also gave it with the book. [ 10]
After Liu Wenzhi's death, Su Shunqin, a famous scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "Gong Liu in Neiyuan made Lianzhou secretariat to make him know the epitaph of Daizhou". This epitaph is a very precious historical material to interpret Zhao Kuangyin's ancestral home. From the analysis of the above historical data, Zhao Kuangyin's grandfather Zhao Jing once lived and lived in Baosai (Qingyuan County) when he was a teenager. Liu Wenzhi's grandfather, Liu Chang (also known as Zheng Liu), was a Bosse. They lived not far away, so they met. Although Zhao Jing lived among the people and was not famous at that time, Liu Chang secretly observed him and knew that he was an unusual person, so he betrothed his daughter to him. This is the grandmother of the later Queen Jian Mu and Zhao Kuangyin. Later, Zhao left his hometown in Bousse and made great contributions in troubled times. Zhao Jing was the highest official of Song Taizu's ancestors, but his official residence was not long. He worked as an official under Liu Rengong and his son in Youzhou buffer region, and Liu Rengong and his son occupied Youzhou for only ten years. With the death of Liu Rengong and his son, Zhao Jing also ended his career. There are many sayings about Zhao Jing's later years. Mr. Gu of Donghua University believes that according to Zi Jian, Ren Yingzhou was defeated when he was the secretariat. "It is speculated that he may not have been used by the Jin King after his demotion, but returned to his hometown." [1 1] Mr. Yang Qian of Hebei Academy of Social Sciences thinks that "As a Mirror of Resources and Tongzhi" records that "Li Siyuan attacked Yingzhou, and Zhao Jing fell to the secretariat", and Zhao Jing here should not be Zhao Kuangyin's grandfather. The reason is that "Sima Guang, as a Song poet, did not dare to write the word' Zhao Jingjiang' when he wrote" Learning from the Same Experience "." [12] However, no matter what the situation is, judging from the fact that his son Zhao still lived in his hometown Baozhou when he was a teenager and lived a very embarrassed life, there is no doubt that he and his family lived a normal life in his hometown Baozhou in his later years.
Zhao Kuangyin's father, Zhao (Xuanzu), started with Zhao and worked in the later Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou Dynasties. "He and MAO are forbidden, was honored at the moment. The pawn is to make Qiu Qiu. " [13] He mainly lived and worked in Henan in the middle and late period, and was buried in Gongxian County, Henan Province after his death. Zhao still lived in his hometown of Baozhou in his early years. Fan Zhen in Song Dynasty recorded in Dong Zhai Chronicle;
Liu Shangshu Huan said: Xuanzuchu came from Heshuo South to Dujiazhuang Courtyard. It's snowing, so he hides under the door. For a long time, the top scholars stole food privately. A few days later, I found that he was an excellent and diligent host. When the master saw it, he couldn't put it down, so he stayed at the top. After several months, the family discussed it, thought about it, and thought that SiNianZi was the husband who lived in the house. SiNianZi is Empress Dowager Zhao. [ 14]
"History of Song Dynasty" contains: "Taizu Zhao Taihou, Dingzhou is also gratifying. ..... Since it's embarrassing, it belongs to Xuanzu. " [15] Liu Huan, the minister in this article, is the son of Liu Wenzhi, who once knew Baozhou. When he said that Xuanzu came from Jiangnan, he actually meant that Zhao went south from his hometown Baozhou (Zhengding) to take refuge in Zhao. Hungry and cold on the way to Zhao, he was stranded in Anxi, Dingzhou in a snowstorm, rescued by Du Jia, and married into Du Jia, his biological mother Du Taihou. We don't know what caused him to share the same fate as his father Zhao Jing. Once again, he was reduced from the son of an official to a civilian. However, the two ancestors did not bear the shadow of their ancestors. From the treasure state civilians, farmland on their own. No wonder Wang Anzhong, a scholar of Song Hanlin and a scholar of Shang Shu You Cheng, said in "On the Renovation of Beiyue Temple": "It is really safe to respect the traces made by ancestors" [