Analysis of safety technical disclosure in super-practical tunnel construction?
1, the hole engineering construction shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The subgrade and slope section in the tunnel are excavated from top to bottom, and the earthwork is completed at one time, and the excavation personnel shall not overlap up and down.
(2) Before excavation, the loose dangerous stones on the edge and the hillside above the uphill should be removed; Check frequently during construction. If loose and dangerous stones are found, they should be removed immediately.
2, blasting operation should comply with the specified requirements. After blasting, the loose stones on the slope should be removed before the construction can continue. When the geology is bad, reinforcement measures should be taken for the slope and the upward slope.
After the earth and stone excavation of the end wall, the loose rock stratum should be supported.
3, tunnel door and end wall construction shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Scaffolding and working platform of masonry engineering shall be firmly erected with handrails and railings. Scaffolding shall not obstruct the passage of vehicles.
(2) A safety net shall be set during the construction of the end wall above the arch line to prevent personnel, tools and materials from falling.
(3) When lifting materials, vehicles and personnel are prohibited from passing.
Second, dig
1, tunnel excavation should be based on various construction methods and geological conditions to develop corresponding safety technical measures.
2. Drilling operations shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Before drilling, check the safety state of the working environment, remove the pumice on the excavation surface and deal with the misfire before drilling.
(2) When drilling on the ballast pile, the rock drill bracket should keep the ballast pile stable.
(3) When drilling with an electric drill, it is forbidden to guide the rotary drill by hand or handle the clamped drill with an electric drill.
(4) Don't drill holes in the residual eyes.
Three, blasting operation shall meet the following requirements:
1, blasting operation must be in accordance with the current national standard "blasting safety regulations" (GB6722), the preparation of blasting design scheme, formulate corresponding technical measures.
2, blasting operation should be based on the specific situation of topography, geology and construction area environment, take corresponding protective measures.
3, blasting equipment should be extracted by the head of the gun according to the demand, as you use it. After blasting, the surplus materials should be counted and checked by special personnel and returned to the warehouse in time.
4, blasting equipment processing room should be 50m away from the mouth of the cave. When the distance between the hole and the excavation surface is greater than 1000 meters, a workshop can be set at a proper position in the hole, but the following requirements shall be met:
A, storage dose is limited to the dose on duty.
B, the depth of the hole should be greater than 10m, at an angle of 60 degrees with the center line of the tunnel, and equipped with two external doors.
C, set up obvious signs and special guards.
D, the processing room is located in solid surrounding rock, and railings should be set, irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited.
5. Charging shall meet the following requirements:
1) Before charging, non-charging personnel should leave the charging site; Fireworks and firecrackers are prohibited in the toll area; After loading, check and record the number and position of loading guns;
2) Do not use metal appliances for charging;
3) When charging, initial charging shall be carried out at the site.
4) In case of the following circumstances, charging blasting is strictly prohibited.
First, insufficient lighting
B, the surrounding rock of the excavation face is broken and unsupported.
C, quicksand, mud flow untreated.
D, there are a lot of cave water and high pressure water gushing out, untreated.
E, there is no warning. All right.
6, fog, dusk and night should not be blasting. When blasting is really necessary at night, effective safety measures should be taken. In case of thunderstorm, the blasting operation should be stopped and the dangerous area should be evacuated quickly.
7. Before starting work, the following protective work should be done:
1) initiation shall be supervised and commanded by the personnel on duty;
2) Warning personnel must be set around the warning area; Warning range: the small explosive blasting should be 200m away from the blasting site, and the warning distance of large explosive blasting should be determined by calculation;
3) People and animals in the warning area should be evacuated, and construction machines and tools that cannot be evacuated should have reliable protection;
4) In the construction area where vehicles and ships pass, contact the relevant transportation departments in advance to determine the blasting time.
5) When blasting in the hole, all personnel must evacuate, and the safe distance for evacuation is:
A, in a single roadway is not less than 200 m;
B, the adjacent upper and lower tunnels shall not be less than100m;
C, not less than 50m between adjacent tunnels, transverse passages and transverse holes;
D, double section excavation is not less than 400 m;
E, double full-face excavation is not less than 500m m. ..
8. The startup shall meet the following requirements:
1) When there is lightning and thunder nearby, or there may be sudden lightning due to clouds and rain, it is forbidden to use electric detonators for initiation.
2) When several construction sites in the same construction area are blasted at the same time, they must be under unified command. It is forbidden to detonate anywhere before all the warning and protection work is completed.
9. The handle of detonator should always be kept by the blasting team leader.
10, handling misfire shall meet the following requirements:
1) should be handled on the spot by the original drug maker; When dealing with misfire, the alert shall not be lifted; In case of special circumstances, with the permission of the construction director, the next shooting or rest can be carried out; The position of the misfire should be clearly marked, and personnel are prohibited from passing within 5m around.
2) When the detonating cord, fuse and detonating cord in the hole are checked to be in good condition, lead wires or wires can be reconnected and then detonated.
3) After the blockage is removed, it should be reloaded with explosives.
4) Don't continue drilling the residual eye.
5) A parallel hole can be drilled at a distance of not less than 0.6m from the misfire to induce the explosion.
6) Ammonium nitrate explosive can be diluted with water.
1 1. Explosives that produce a large amount of harmful gases shall not be used for blasting in the tunnel.
12, open flame initiation is not allowed for in-hole blasting.
13, ventilation and smoke exhaust must be carried out after blasting. 15 minutes later, the inspectors can enter the tunneling face for inspection. The inspection contents include: whether there is a fire; Whether there are residual explosives or detonators; Roof and two sides have loose surrounding rock; Whether the bracket is damaged or deformed.
14. Blasters and blasters should carry flashlights and have fault lighting.
15, charging and drilling shall not be operated in parallel.
16. When the distance between two opposite excavation faces is only 15m, only one excavation face is allowed to drill through, and the other end should stop working, evacuate personnel, machines and equipment, and set warning signs at a safe distance.
IV. Ballast and Transportation
(1) The loading and transportation of ballast shall meet the following requirements:
1, the clearance of excavation section should meet the safe operation of ballasted machinery;
2 When using new mechanical equipment, the line laying standard should meet the requirements of mechanical clearance.
5.3.2 Ballast operation shall meet the following requirements:
1, before and during ballast pressing, check the stability of surrounding rock of excavation face. When loose rocks or signs of collapse are found, they must be treated first and then ballasted.
2, ballast machinery in operation, its swing range may not be someone through.
5.3.4 Trackless transportation shall meet the following requirements:
1. The speed limit of transport vehicles shall comply with the provisions in Table 5.3.4.
Table 5.3.4 Speed limit of transport vehicles (km/h)
Hole-forming section of engineering operation section and non-operation section
Normal driving 102020
There is a tractor 5 15 15.
Conference car 5 10 10
2, in the mouth of the cave, grade crossing, narrow construction site, should set up a slow sign, when necessary, should be designated persons to direct traffic.
3. All construction equipment and machinery near the vehicle clearance shall be equipped with low-voltage red flashing lights at their outer edges to show the clearance.
4. It is forbidden to overtake when the vehicle is driving; When passing by, the safe distance between the two workshops should be more than 20m, and it should be increased when the visibility in the tunnel is poor.
5. The road surface outside the hole from which the ballast is discharged should be made into an uphill section of 4%, and a stop should be set at the edge of the ballast pile.
6, reversing in the hole should be someone command.
5.3.5 The transportation of blasting equipment shall meet the following requirements:
1. The transportation of blasting equipment in tunnels and auxiliary tunnels shall meet the following requirements:
1) will be escorted by special personnel, and other personnel are not allowed to ride.
2) Detonators and explosives should be transported separately, and electric detonators should be transported in an incubator.
3) Before delivery, notify the winch driver and wellhead liaison.
4) The successor shall not be transported during going up and down the well.
5) Blasting equipment shall not be placed in the wellhead room, bottom hole or other roadway.
2. Belt conveyor shall not be used to transport blasting equipment.
3. When transporting blasting equipment by car, it shall meet the following requirements:
1) Explosives and detonators should be transported by two vehicles respectively, with the annual weight of more than 50m, and there are special personnel responsible for transportation;
2) In operation, a red light or a red flag should be displayed;
3) The automobile exhaust port shall be provided with a fireproof cover.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) support
First, the bracket shall meet the following requirements:
1, take effective support according to the stability of surrounding rock.
2. During the construction period, the working state of the support shall be inspected regularly and irregularly. In bad geological areas, each shift should be inspected by special personnel. When support, deformation or damage is found, it should be repaired and reinforced immediately.
3. Columns supported by members shall not be located on empty ballasts and movable stones. In the weak surrounding rock area, the bottom of the column should be provided with cushion blocks or cushion beams.
4. When the construction is suspended, the support should reach the excavation face.
5, is the joint of the hole and the auxiliary roadway, should strengthen the support.
Second, the bolting and shotcreting support shall meet the following requirements:
1, avoid stepping on moving rocks when working on ballast piles.
2, when working on the ladder, shelf, placed should be safe, should have special care.
3. When removing loose rock mass and cracked shotcrete on the excavation face, personnel shall not be located directly below the removed object.
4. When the pipes of wind, water and materials are blocked or burst in operation, the transportation of wind, water and materials must be stopped in turn.
5. When installing the steel frame and steel mesh, the operators should coordinate their actions. Before the steel frame in this row or the steel mesh in this film is not installed and is safely connected with the adjacent steel frame and anchor rod, the temporary support shall not be cancelled without authorization.
6. Remedial measures should be taken when deformation and cracking of the support system are found in the monitoring of the anchor-shotcrete support system. When the danger is very serious, people should evacuate from the danger zone.
7, advance anchor or advance small catheter support, should have protective measures.
Intransitive verb lining
A, lining construction shall meet the following requirements:
1. A railing not less than 1m shall be set on the lining workbench. Springboard and ladder should be installed firmly and non-slip, and there should be no nail outcrop or prominent sharp corner in any part of the workbench.
2, workbench, springboard, scaffolding bearing, should be listed on the spot.
3, lifting arch, template, workplace should be supervised by designated personnel.
4, when working at a height of more than 2m, should abide by the provisions of the high homework.
5, inspection, maintenance of concrete machinery, grouting machinery and pipelines, should stop and cut off the wind and power supply.
Second, the molded concrete lining shall meet the following requirements:
1, sufficient construction clearance shall be reserved between the arch wall formwork frame and the stage, and obvious clearance and slow-moving signs shall be set at the lining operation site.
2. The trolley workbench should cover the bottom plate.
3, remove the concrete pipe, should stop first.
Three, spray anchor build by laying bricks or stones shall meet the following requirements:
1, the feng shui pipeline connected by air jet shall be firm and unobstructed.
2. The construction bench or trolley should be firm and stable, the bench should cover the bottom plate, and railings should be set around it. People and materials on the workbench shall not exceed the bearing capacity.
3, remove loose surrounding rock, wash the shotcrete surface, it is forbidden to stay in the work area.
4. When drilling holes, installing anchor rods, hanging steel mesh and shotcreting, when working at a height of 2m, the relevant regulations on aerial work shall be observed.
Four, composite lining waterproof layer construction steps should be firm, the clearance under the steps should meet the construction needs, and warning signs or special protection should be set during operation.
Five, inverted arch and tunnel bottom construction shall meet the following requirements:
1. The transportation road on the inverted arch shall be firmly erected. When concrete is poured into the pit, non-unloading personnel should avoid to a safe place.
2. When the inverted arch is constructed before the side wall, the temporary support of the pit wall should be strengthened.
Seven, construction ventilation, dust and gas and wind and water supply.
The prevention and control measures of coal seam gas and other harmful gases shall be constructed according to tunnel construction drawings 0 1~3~ 1, 0 1~3~2 and 0 1~3~3.
A, construction ventilation shall meet the following requirements:
1. In the airflow on the excavation face of the pilot tunnel, the volume of oxygen shall not be less than 20%, and the volume of carbon dioxide shall not exceed 0.5%.
2. The concentration of toxic and harmful substances in the air in the cave must meet the national standards.
3, homework mining face to resume work, ventilation and analysis of harmful gas concentration in the air, confirm the standard rear can enter.
4, personnel are strictly prohibited to stay in the import and export of duct.
Second, dust and gas shall meet the following requirements:
1, tunnel construction should take comprehensive dust and gas protection measures, and regularly check the concentration of dust and harmful gases.
2. Before discharging the ballast, the ballast pile should be soaked in water.
3, sprayed concrete dust concentration can not meet the standard, dust prevention measures should be taken.
Three, building gas supply shall meet the following requirements:
1, pneumatic machinery and hose connection must be firm, remove the connecting duct must be carried out after shutdown.
2. The control gate valve shall be set in sections in the air duct network; When repairing the air duct, the gate valve that controls this part of the pipeline should be closed first.
3. The gas supply system should be inspected and maintained by special personnel during use to protect the gas supply pipeline from damage.
Four, building water supply shall meet the following requirements
1, the water supply pool should not be located at the top of the tunnel, and the excessive water pressure should be controlled according to the requirements of machinery and pipelines.
2, mechanical pumping by the specialist is responsible for, when the pump room is located in the river, should have flood control measures. There should be a signal connection between the swimming pool and the computer room.
3. The laying of water supply pipelines should avoid busy traffic areas and areas with poor geology, and the laying of pipelines should not be overhead.
4. Before overhauling the water supply pipeline, close the gate valve that controls the water supply of the pipeline.
V. Construction power supply shall meet the following requirements:
1. Three-phase five-wire power supply system should be adopted for power consumption on the construction site, and the working grounding resistance value should not be greater than 4Ω; The starting point and end point of the power supply line must be repeatedly grounded; When the line is long, repeat grounding should be added in the middle of the line, and its resistance should not be greater than10Ω.
2. The design of construction electricity uses three-level and two-level protection.
3, electrical equipment should be just one brake a leakage (leakage protector) a box (distribution box); The leakage protection device should be matched with the equipment. Do not use a switch to directly control two or more electrical devices.
4. Self-provided power supply shall meet the following requirements:
1) The self-provided generator set shall adopt a three-phase four-wire neutral point direct grounding system, and the grounding resistance value shall not be greater than 4ω;
2) The generator set shall be interlocked with the external power supply line, and parallel operation is strictly prohibited;
3) The generator set shall be provided with short circuit protection and overload protection devices;
5. Overhead lines shall meet the following requirements:
1) Overhead lines shall be insulated wires, erected on special poles, and shall not be hung on trees or scaffolding.
2) The selection of conductor shall be determined according to load, allowable voltage loss and mechanical strength.
3) The minimum safe distance between various facilities of overhead lines shall meet the following requirements:
A when the electric overhead line on the construction site crosses the motor vehicle lane, the vertical distance between the lowest point and the road surface shall not be less than that specified in the table below.
Minimum vertical distance between motor vehicle road and external overhead line
The external line voltage is lower than1kv1~1~10kv 35kv.
Minimum vertical distance (m) 677
B the minimum safe operating distance specified in the table below shall be maintained between the outside of the project under construction (including scaffolding) and the sideline of the overhead power line. When it cannot be met, protective measures such as adding fences, fences or protective nets and hanging warning signs should be taken.
Minimum safe operating distance between the outer edge of scaffold and the outer overhead line edge.
External line voltage1~10kv35 ~110kv154 ~ 220kv 330 ~ 500kv or less.
Minimum vertical distance (m) 467 10 15
6. Cable lines are used for power supply in tunnels. Cable lines should be laid underground or overhead according to environmental conditions. It is forbidden to lie along the ground.
7. 36V safe voltage should be used for construction lighting and portable lamps.
Eight, bad geology and special geotechnical tunnel construction
1. Tunnel construction in unfavorable geological and special geotechnical areas shall meet the following requirements:
1. Before construction, advance drilling should be used to find out the geological conditions and take preventive measures.
2. Monitoring and measurement of surrounding rock and supporting system should be strengthened during construction. When the rate change of surrounding rock and supporting system is abnormal, effective measures should be taken immediately. When the situation is serious, all personnel should be evacuated from the dangerous area.
3, the construction should have enough emergency and first aid supplies.
4, such as collapse, should actively deal with and rescue. Handling the collapse accident should be carried out after finding out the collapse situation and formulating safety measures.
Second, comprehensive waterproof measures such as interception, drainage and plugging should be taken in the construction of soft and broken water-rich surrounding rock tunnels, and measures to deal with sudden large water inrush should be formulated.
Three, karst geological tunnel construction shall meet the following requirements:
1. Advance prediction and prediction of geological conditions should be strengthened during construction, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken to prevent sudden water gushing, sand gushing and debris flow.
2, excavation and support should be based on the size of the karst, filling situation and the relative position of the tunnel and other specific circumstances, take corresponding safety measures.
3. The cleaning of cave fillers and the treatment of cave surrounding rocks should be based on the requirements of design documents and the actual situation on site to formulate special safety measures.
Four, swelling rock geological tunnel construction shall meet the following requirements:
1, the support and surrounding rock should be close, and the deformation of surrounding rock should be strictly controlled.
2, take strict drainage, less movement, drought-resistant closed measures.
3. During the period of construction, there should be someone to supervise; When the deformation of surrounding rock accelerates, people should be evacuated immediately.
Five, rock burst geological construction shall meet the following requirements:
1, the rockburst area should be observed by special personnel, and if there is noise on the rock wall, the evacuation personnel should be warned immediately.
2. In case of rockburst, people should be evacuated from the equipment first.
3. It is forbidden to stay in the rockburst area.
4. After the rock burst occurs, we should strengthen the roof finding work and extend the ventilation time.
Six, extrusion geological tunnel construction shall meet the following requirements:
1. Full-face method shall be adopted for excavation.
2, lining should be given priority to with the whole lining, or use the first wall after arch, arch after the wall of the division of lining; Lining and construction should be carried out after the deformation rate of surrounding rock is less than 0.5 mm/d.
3. The monitoring of surrounding rock change rate should be strengthened during construction; When abnormal deformation is found, corresponding safety measures should be taken.
Jiugao operation
1. Safety signs and various facilities used for aerial work shall be inspected before use.
2. Materials used for high-altitude operation shall be piled up smoothly and shall not interfere with the passage. Articles, leftovers and wastes taken from high places shall not be thrown down.
3, high homework must wear a seat belt, seat belt should be hung on a solid object, it is forbidden to hang a few seat belts on an object or a few people tied with a safety rope; Fences and safety nets should be set up for border operations; Suspended operations should have reliable safety protection facilities.
4, set in the building structure of the straight ladder and other climbing parts, must be solid and reliable. The bearing capacity of the pedal for people to go up and down should not be less than 1. 1kN.
5, mobile ladder in use shall meet the following requirements:
1) The feet of the ladder should be solid, the upper end of the ladder should be fixed, and the hinge of the miter ladder must be firm;
2) Two people are not allowed to work on the same ladder at the same time.
6, high homework should not overlap. If it is really necessary to overlap operations at high places, dense shed boards or other isolation facilities should be used to isolate the upper and lower floors.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd