Why did Liaoning reduce corn production this year?

This year, with the strong support of national policies, Liaoning Province adjusted its industrial structure according to local conditions, developed high-efficiency and high-quality agriculture, and increased output per unit area. Farmers are highly motivated to grow grain. Due to the severe cold and rainy weather in spring, the growth period of crops is delayed, and natural disasters such as summer monsoon, water and insects are more serious. However, governments at all levels actively organize farmers to help themselves against disasters and minimize disaster losses. On the whole, the corn production situation is not as good as last year, and it is expected that the corn production will be lower than last year. The corn planting area in Liaoning Province this year is estimated to be 6.5438+0.58 million hectares, an increase of 20,000 hectares or 654.38+0.28% compared with last year's 6.5438+0.56 million hectares. It is estimated that the total output of corn this year will be 8.7 million tons, a decrease of 6.5438+0.6 million tons compared with last year. Among them, Tieling, the main corn producing area, produced 2.559 million tons of corn in 2004, and it is expected to be only 2.03 million tons in 2005, a decrease of about 20%. 1. Analysis of factors of maize yield reduction Under the condition of basically the same management conditions, and under the condition that agricultural fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and seeds are basically the same as in previous years, weather is an important factor affecting maize yield this year. However, the climatic conditions in Liaoning province from spring to now are not conducive to the development and maturity of corn crops. 1, the influence of spring climate on crops has been unstable since the beginning of spring, with low temperature. Taking Tieling as an example, the daily average temperature hovered between 5-7℃ in early April, which was about 1℃ lower than that in previous years. The time when the ground temperature was over 8℃ on April 23rd was later than that on April 2nd 1 1 day. By mid-May, the daily average temperature was lower than 10℃, which made the daily average temperature pass 10℃ stably, 20 days later than normal, close to the cold climate index in late spring. Frequent rainfall this year has caused a lot of soil moisture. In April this year, the rainfall in Tieling City reached 47-89 mm, and the soil moisture content remained above 20%, the largest in history. 2. The influence of summer climate on crops in Liaoning main producing areas has been low, especially the rainy weather since June. From June to September, the temperature in Liaoning is about 0.5- 1 degree lower than the normal temperature all the year round, and the obvious low temperature period appears in the critical period of corn growth and development, which has a substantial impact on corn yield. 3. The impact of floods on crops This year, Liaoning was hit by the biggest flood since 1995, and the total loss of floods in the province reached 6.88 billion. In mid-August, Typhoon No.9 landed in Liaoning, and there were floods and other wind and hail disasters in Tieling City. Affected by Typhoon No.9 "Mai Sha", 4 cities 14 counties (cities, districts) 186 townships were affected, 640,000 people were affected, and houses collapsed 1548 rooms. The direct economic loss reached 501100 million yuan, of which the direct loss of water conservancy facilities was 88 million yuan. Fuzhou, Tielu and Benben are the hardest hit areas. From August 12 to 14, the rainstorm and flood disaster affected 7 cities, 37 counties (cities, districts) and 3 13 townships (towns) in Liaoning Province, with the affected population of1470,000. The affected area of crops is 2 18 thousand hectares, and the grain output is reduced by 460 thousand tons; Among them, floods and other wind and hail disasters caused the affected area of grain crops in Tieling City to be 954,654.38+0.000 mu, with the yield reduced by more than 50% to 429,000 mu, and the harvest area was 210.45 million mu. It is estimated that the grain output will be reduced by about 250,000 tons. Second, the current growth of corn crops is not optimistic. Because the climate in spring and summer has obviously affected the growth, development and maturity of crops, mainly due to the wet and cold weather in late May and early June, the generally delayed growth period of corn in plain and hilly areas is the second half of the solar terms. In summer, when corn stalks are low, thin, tasseling, spinning and pollinating, they are all completed before the end of July over the years, and this year will last until August in beginning of autumn. The cob is 3-5 cm shorter than normal years, with bald top, fine grains and thick ear shaft. Corn grows better on the sunny side of the hillside. In addition, the growth of corn in saline-alkali land in sandy land is better than that in plain hilly land. Because corn is greedy for green, late-maturing, thin and weak stems, it will not be able to resist the harm of wind disaster, insect disaster and leaf blight. The leaf spot, which appeared at the beginning of September over the years, is now widespread. And some plots have developed to the leaves of the ear of corn. Worm-eaten grains and immature grains will seriously affect the grade of corn. It is estimated that the bulk density of corn is below 650 g/L this year, and it is difficult to reach the third grade or above. Third, the trend of corn production this year is expected. If there is heavy rain in spring and summer, autumn hanging often occurs. According to the forecast of Tieling meteorological department, the first frost is earlier than normal, and the plain area will appear on September 26-28; Xifeng and the eastern mountainous area will appear in September15-18; 3-5 days earlier than normal. If so, the corn in Tieling will have poor grade, high moisture content and poor quality. Grain production was reduced by 30%, which was nearly 1 10,000 tons. As the agricultural proverb in Northeast China says, "The harvest will be fixed on August 15th", if the frost in the early stage is normal, the rain and heat in the later stage are sufficient, there is no autumn disaster, and autumn frost appears after the National Day, the corn yield in Liaoning Province still has the potential to increase. According to the recent understanding, the meteorological department is optimistic about the forecast time of the first frost. It is estimated that the frost date in Heilongjiang at the beginning of this year is close to normal (around September 20), and most frost periods in Liaoning and Jilin provinces are expected to be normal. However, the climatic factors in spring and summer have affected the growth and development of corn in most major corn producing areas in Liaoning Province. Low temperature and rainy weather, insufficient sunshine, resulting in too bare corncob and thin grain layer. In addition, the waterlogging disaster in low-lying areas is serious, and it is expected that corn production will be reduced greatly. Although the sown area of corn has increased slightly this year, it is expected that the output per unit area will decrease. It is estimated that the total output of corn in Liaoning Province this year is 8.7 million tons, which is 6.5438+0.6 million tons lower than last year's 6.5438+0.3 million tons, with a reduction rate of 6.5438+0.5%.